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PloS One 2011Actinomyces naeslundii and Actinomyces oris are members of the oral biofilm. Their identification using 16S rRNA sequencing is problematic and better achieved by...
Actinomyces naeslundii and Actinomyces oris are members of the oral biofilm. Their identification using 16S rRNA sequencing is problematic and better achieved by comparison of metG partial sequences. A. oris is more abundant and more frequently isolated than A. naeslundii. We used a multi-locus sequence typing approach to investigate the genotypic diversity of these species and assigned A. naeslundii (n = 37) and A. oris (n = 68) isolates to 32 and 68 sequence types (ST), respectively. Neighbor-joining and ClonalFrame dendrograms derived from the concatenated partial sequences of 7 house-keeping genes identified at least 4 significant subclusters within A. oris and 3 within A. naeslundii. The strain collection we had investigated was an under-representation of the total population since at least 3 STs composed of single strains may represent discrete clusters of strains not well represented in the collection. The integrity of these sub-clusters was supported by the sequence analysis of fimP and fimA, genes coding for the type 1 and 2 fimbriae, respectively. An A. naeslundii subcluster was identified with both fimA and fimP genes and these strains were able to bind to MUC7 and statherin while all other A. naeslundii strains possessed only fimA and did not bind to statherin. An A. oris subcluster harboured a fimA gene similar to that of Actinomyces odontolyticus but no detectable fimP failed to bind significantly to either MUC7 or statherin. These data are evidence of extensive genotypic and phenotypic diversity within the species A. oris and A. naeslundii but the status of the subclusters identified here will require genome comparisons before their phylogenic position can be unequivocally established.
Topics: Actinomyces; Bacterial Proteins; Fimbriae, Bacterial
PubMed: 21738661
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021430 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Jun 2021We herein report a case of presumed septic shock due to Actinotignum schaalii bacteremia with urinary tract infection. A 65-year-old Japanese man suffering from a fever...
We herein report a case of presumed septic shock due to Actinotignum schaalii bacteremia with urinary tract infection. A 65-year-old Japanese man suffering from a fever was diagnosed with septic shock due to urinary tract infection. A urine sample was additionally incubated under 5% CO and anaerobic conditions after A. schaalii was identified in a blood culture, but A. schaalii was not detected in the urine culture. If Gram-positive rods are observed on Gram staining of a urine sample in symptomatic patients with a predisposing urogenital condition, 5% CO and an anaerobic culture of a urine sample should be performed immediately.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Aged; Bacteremia; Humans; Male; Shock, Septic; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 33518555
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.4351-19 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jul 1994Colony morphology, beta hemolysis on horse blood agar, beta-glucuronidase activity, and ability to ferment sucrose and/or trehalose defined two biotypes of...
Colony morphology, beta hemolysis on horse blood agar, beta-glucuronidase activity, and ability to ferment sucrose and/or trehalose defined two biotypes of Arcanobacterium haemolyticum. One, the smooth type, grew as smooth, beta-hemolytic colonies and was beta-glucuronidase negative but often fermented sucrose and/or trehalose, while the other, the rough type, grew as rough colonies and was nonhemolytic, beta-glucuronidase positive, and negative for sucrose and trehalose fermentation. About 75% of the A. haemolyticum strains studied (n = 138) were of the smooth type. The smooth type predominated in wound infections, while the rough type was isolated almost exclusively from respiratory tract specimens; thus, 84% of the smooth-type strains were derived from wounds and 91% of the rough-type strains were isolated from respiratory tracts.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Adult; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Humans; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Respiratory Tract Infections; Species Specificity; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 7929753
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.32.7.1654-1657.1994 -
BMC Research Notes Aug 2021Trueperella pyogenes has been considered a major causative agent of metritis, abortion, and death in a broad range of domestic and wild animals, including cattle, swine,...
OBJECTIVE
Trueperella pyogenes has been considered a major causative agent of metritis, abortion, and death in a broad range of domestic and wild animals, including cattle, swine, sheep, goats, camels, buffalo, deer, antelopes, reptiles, and birds.
DATA DESCRIPTION
Here, we report the complete chromosome sequence of Trueperella pyogenes strain Arash114, isolated from the uterus of a water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) died due to the infection caused by this pathogen. The genome assembly comprised 2,338,282 bp, with a 59.5% GC content. Annotation of the genome showed 46 tRNA genes, 6 rRNA, 1 CRISPR and 2059 coding sequences. Also, several genes coding for antimicrobial resistance such as tetW and virulence factor including plo, nanH, nanP, cbp and 4 fimbrial proteins were found. This study will advance our knowledge regarding the metabolism, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance and evolution of Arash114 strain and serve as an appropriate template for future researches.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Animals; Buffaloes; Female; Iran; Uterus; Virulence Factors; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 34425879
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05734-1 -
Journal of Infection in Developing... Feb 2020Endometritis is a condition marked by inflammation of the endometrium that affects dairy cows from 21 days after parturition, causing damage to herd fertility and...
INTRODUCTION
Endometritis is a condition marked by inflammation of the endometrium that affects dairy cows from 21 days after parturition, causing damage to herd fertility and economic losses on farms. The use of active compounds obtained from plant sources has gained importance as disease treatment agents in farm animals due to the high resistance rates currently observed against traditional antibiotics commonly used. The study was carried out to examine the chemical composition and to investigate the antibacterial activity of rosemary, cinnamon, cloves, eucalyptus, lemon, oregano and thyme essential oils against the reference strain of Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Fusobacterium necrophorum (ATCC 25286), Trueperella pyogenes (ATCC 19411) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), considered as typical bacteria causing endometritis.
METHODOLOGY
The chemical composition of the seven essential oils were analyzed by GC-MS and their antibacterial activity was evaluated by the disc diffusion method.
RESULTS
Thirty-six components were identified in total using GC-MS analyzes. The main compounds were cinnamaldehyde (86.5% for cinnamon essential oil), eugenol (85.7% for clove essential oil), 1,8-cineol (80% for eucalyptus and 47.8% rosemary essential oils), limonene (65.5% for lemon essential oil), carvacrol (72.1% for oregano essential oil) and thymol (48.8% for thyme essential oil). The disc diffusion assay revealed that cinnamon, clove, oregano, and thyme essential oils showed the best results compared to the other three essential oils, showing the largest zone of inhibition against all bacteria evaluated.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings indicated that essential oils are a potential agent to be used as an alternative for bovine endometritis treatment.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Endometritis; Escherichia coli; Female; Fusobacterium necrophorum; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Oils, Volatile; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 32146452
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.12076 -
Journal of Bacteriology Jul 1959
Topics: Actinomyces; Humans; Mouth
PubMed: 13672913
DOI: 10.1128/jb.78.1.82-95.1959 -
Scientific Reports May 2021Recent advancements in DNA-based approaches have led to the identification of uncommon and rare bacterial pathogens. In this study, by utilizing a DNA-based approach, a...
Recent advancements in DNA-based approaches have led to the identification of uncommon and rare bacterial pathogens. In this study, by utilizing a DNA-based approach, a total of 1043 clinical specimens were processed for the identification of actinobacteria targeting the 16S rRNA and gyrB genes. Drug susceptibility testing was also conducted using micro-broth dilution and PCR. Two isolates of Nocardia flavorosea and Rhodococcus erythropolis were reported for the first time in Iran. Also, Nocardiopsis dassonvillei, Streptomyces olivaceus, and Streptomyces griseus were reported for the first time in Asia. Infections caused by Nocardia caishijiensis and Prauserella muralis have also been reported in this study. The first Asian case of pulmonary infection caused by Nocardia ignorata and the first global case of brain abscess caused by Nocardia ninae and Nocardia neocaledoniensis have been reported in this study. Overall 30 isolates belonging to 6 genera (Nocardia, Streptomyces, Rodoccoccus, Nocardiopsis, Rothia, and Prauserella) were detected in 30 patients. All 30 isolates were susceptible to amikacin and linezolid. Three isolates including Nocardia otitidiscaviarum (n = 2) and Nocardia flavorosea (n = 1) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole which were the first trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistant clinical actinomycetes in Iran. Isolation of rare species of actinomycetes particularly Nocardia spp. requires urgent action before they spread clinically particularly among immunocompromised patients.
Topics: Actinomyces; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; DNA Gyrase; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Iran; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination
PubMed: 34031507
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90269-5 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Jul 2011Actinobaculum schaalii is a new species that has so far been isolated from human blood, urine and pus. Its importance has probably been underestimated and other...
Actinobaculum schaalii is a new species that has so far been isolated from human blood, urine and pus. Its importance has probably been underestimated and other Actinobaculum spp. may also have been underdiagnosed. This retrospective study comprises all known cases of A. schaalii infections identified since 2004 in the canton of Neuchâtel (170,000 inhabitants), Switzerland. Strains were cultivated and isolated in the bacteriology laboratory using its routine procedure. Identification included a Rapid ID 32 A strip (bioMérieux) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Twenty-one positive samples were found in 19 patients (11 male, 8 female) of all ages (range 16-91 years): 10 from urine (50%), six from blood (30%), one from both blood and urine (5%), and three from pus (15%). Thirteen out of 17 (76%) cases with either blood or urine specimens had underlying genitourinary tract pathologies. When urine cultures were positive for A. schaalii, leucocytes were found in all samples (10/10, 100%) but all nitrite tests were negative (10/10, 100%). The onset of appropriate treatment was delayed due to the diminished sensitivity of A. schaalii to the antibiotics commonly used for UTIs (i.e. ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) and to the delay in microbiological diagnosis. A. schaalii should specifically be searched in all cases of leukocyturia with a negative nitrite test but with Gram-positive rods in the Gram stain, in patients with underlying genitourinary tract pathology, instead of dismissing these findings as clinically irrelevant colonization by coryneform bacteria. This infection may be much more common than previously thought.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Actinomycetales Infections; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Blood; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Retrospective Studies; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Suppuration; Switzerland; Urine; Young Adult
PubMed: 20854424
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03370.x -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jun 2005We report the first case of disseminated infection with both Actinomyces graevenitzii and Mycobacterium tuberculosis and review the medical literature. Concomitant... (Review)
Review
We report the first case of disseminated infection with both Actinomyces graevenitzii and Mycobacterium tuberculosis and review the medical literature. Concomitant actinomycosis and tuberculosis is very rare. The potential of the facultatively aerobic, newly described A. graevenitzii for disseminated invasive infection needs to be evaluated.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 15956450
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.43.6.3017-3022.2005 -
Chemistry & Biodiversity Apr 2022In our continuous screening for bioactive microbial natural products, the culture extracts of a terrestrial Actinomycetes sp. GSCW-51 yielded two new metabolites,...
In our continuous screening for bioactive microbial natural products, the culture extracts of a terrestrial Actinomycetes sp. GSCW-51 yielded two new metabolites, i. e., 5-hydroxymethyl-3-(1-hydroxy-6-methyl-7-oxooctyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (1), 5-hydroxymethyl-3-(1,7-dihydroxy-6-methyloctyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (2), and two known compounds; 5'-methylthioinosine (3), and 5'-methylthioinosine sulfoxide (4), which are isolated first time from any natural source, along with four known compounds (5-8). The structures of the new compounds were deduced by HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR data, and in comparison with related compounds from the literature. Additionally, owing to the current COVID-19 pandemic situation, we also computationally explored the therapeutic potential of our isolated compounds against SARS-CoV-2. Compound 4 showed the best binding energies of -6.2 and -6.6 kcal/mol for M and spike proteins, respectively. The intermolecular interactions were also studied using 2-D and 3-D imagery, which also supported the binding energies as well as put several insights under the spotlight. Furthermore, Lipinski's rule of 5 was used to predict the drug likeness of compounds 1-4, which indicated all compounds obey Lipinski's rule of 5. The study of bioavailability radars of the compounds 1-4 also confirmed their drug likeness properties where all the five crucial drug likeness parameters are in color area, which is safe to be used as drugs. Our isolation and computational findings highly encourage the scientific community to do further in vitro and in vivo studies of compounds 1-4.
Topics: Actinomyces; Humans; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2; Thioinosine; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 35213767
DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100843