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Journal of Industrial Microbiology &... Dec 2021A list of our research achievements on multiple aminoglycoside antibiotic (AG) resistance in AG-producing actinomycetes is outlined. In 1979, the author discovered a...
A list of our research achievements on multiple aminoglycoside antibiotic (AG) resistance in AG-producing actinomycetes is outlined. In 1979, the author discovered a novel AG (istamycin)-producing Streptomyces tenjimariensis SS-939 by screening actinomycetes with kanamycin (KM)-resistance and plasmid profiles. This discovery directed our biochemical and genetic approaches to multiple AG resistance (AGR) of AG producers. In this article, the following discoveries will be outlined: (1) AGR profiles correlating with the productivity of AGs in AG-producers, (2) Wide distribution of multiple AG resistance in AG-nonproducing actinomycetes, (3) Involvement of ribosomal resistance and AG-acetylating enzymes as underlying AGR factors, (4) Activation by single nucleotide substitution of a silent gene coding for aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase, AAC(3), in S. griseus, (5) Discovery of a novel antibiotic indolizomycin through protoplast fusion treatment between S. tenjimariensis and S. griseus strains with different AGR phenotypes, and (6) Double stage-acting activity of arbekacin (ABK; an anti-MRSA semisynthetic AG) discovered by acetylation of ABK with cloned AACs; that is both ABK and its acetylated derivatives showed remarkable antibiotic activities.
Topics: Acetylation; Acetyltransferases; Actinomyces; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
PubMed: 34402899
DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab059 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Sep 2020This research was conducted to ascertain the context and location of the antibiotic resistance determinants in a multiple antibiotic-resistant Trueperella pyogenes...
OBJECTIVES
This research was conducted to ascertain the context and location of the antibiotic resistance determinants in a multiple antibiotic-resistant Trueperella pyogenes isolate TP1.
METHODS
The genome was sequenced using PacBio RS II, and the filtered data were assembled using Canu. Sequences were annotated on the basis of those in GenBank, and the genomic island (GI) of the TP1 was predicted by IslandPath-DIMOB.
RESULTS
TP1 as a multiple antibiotic-resistant isolate was recovered at Jilin Province (China) in 2017 from a dairy cow with pneumonia. TP1 exhibited resistance to aminoglycosides (gentamicin and amikacin), macrolides (erythromycin), lincosamides (clindamycin), sulfonamides (sulfamonomethoxine), tetracyclines (tetracycline and doxycycline) and chloramphenicols (chloramphenicol and florfenicol). An antibiotic resistance gene clustered together with the aadB, aadA1, cmlA5 and cmlA6 resistance genes located on a 7-kilobase (kb) multidrug-resistant (MDR) region, constituting a complex class 1 integron. The MDR region was located at one end of a 42-kb GI, and IS6100Δ1 mediated a genetic rearrangement with the complex class 1 integron-like SGI1 and formed a composite transposon. Furthermore, the tetW gene was located outside the four GIs consistent with tetracycline and doxycycline resistance. The ermD gene positioned in the front end of the 42-kb GI played an important role in mediating acquired erythromycin and clindamycin resistance.
CONCLUSIONS
Multiple resistance genes are located in a complex class 1 integron within a 42-kb T. pyogenes genomic island (TGI1), leading to TP1 multiple drug resistance. In comparison with SG1 families, TGI1 possesses versatile gene distribution and specific gene context for it upstream and downstream, and it represents a new lineage of genomic resistance islands.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Animals; Cattle; China; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Female; Genes, MDR; Genomic Islands; Integrons
PubMed: 31857248
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.12.008 -
Letters in Applied Microbiology Oct 2016This paper describes a high-throughput method that relies upon a microplate reader to score coaggregation 60 min postmixing, and use of a high-speed real-time imaging...
UNLABELLED
This paper describes a high-throughput method that relies upon a microplate reader to score coaggregation 60 min postmixing, and use of a high-speed real-time imaging technology to describe the rate of coaggregation over time. The results of visual, microplate, and FlowCam(™) aggregation scores for oral bacteria Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus oralis, and Actinomyces oris, whose ability to coaggregate are well characterized, are compared. Following mixing of all possible pairs, the top fraction of the supernatant was added to a microplate to quantify cell-density. Pairs were also passed through a flow cell within a FlowCam(™) to quantify the rate of coaggregation of each pair. Results from both the microplate and FlowCam(™) approaches correlated with corresponding visual coaggregation scores and microscopic observations. The microplate-based assay enables high-throughput screening, whereas the FlowCam(™) -based assay validates and quantifies the extent that autoaggregation and coaggregation occur. Together these assays open the door for future in-depth studies of autoaggregation and coaggregation among large panels of test strains.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
Coaggregation between bacterial species is integral to multi-species biofilm development. Difficulties in rapidly and reproducibly identifying and quantifying coaggregation have limited mechanistic studies. This paper demonstrates two complementary quantitative methods to screen for coaggregation. The first approach uses a microplate-based high-throughput approach and the other uses a FlowCam(™) device. The microplate-based approach enables rapid detection of coaggregation between candidate coaggregating pairs of strains simultaneously while controlling for variation between replicates. The FlowCam(™) approach allows for in-depth analysis of the rates of coaggregation and size of aggregates formed.
Topics: Actinomyces; Bacterial Adhesion; Biofilms; High-Throughput Screening Assays; Microscopy, Confocal; Mouth; Streptococcus
PubMed: 27455031
DOI: 10.1111/lam.12622 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Feb 2020Trueperella pyogenes is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a wide variety of purulent infections. We recently isolated a T. pyogenes strain unable to be identified by...
Trueperella pyogenes is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a wide variety of purulent infections. We recently isolated a T. pyogenes strain unable to be identified by the previously reported T. pyogenes pyolysin gene (plo)-specific PCR from the lung of a sheep with astasia. Sequence comparison of plo among representative strains revealed several nucleotide substitutions in the primer-annealing regions. As such substitutions were considered to be a reason for the low PCR specificity, we designed novel primers in conserved regions of plo. Under optimized conditions, the novel primers precisely identified all T. pyogenes strains tested, and no products were generated from any other bacterial strains, suggesting the usefulness of the novel PCR assay for the diagnosis of T. pyogenes infections.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Actinomycetales Infections; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Hemolysin Proteins; Lung; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sheep; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 31866633
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0522 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Mar 2017The main factors affecting the outcome of Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) mastitis were examined through a survey of diagnostic data and interviews relating to the...
The main factors affecting the outcome of Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) mastitis were examined through a survey of diagnostic data and interviews relating to the occurrence of T. pyogenes mastitis in 83 quarters from 82 Holstein cows between August 2012 and April 2014. Ultimately, one cow was sold during the examination, and 82 quarters from 81 cows were used for analysis on prognosis. T. pyogenes mastitis occurred year round in both lactating and dry cows. The incidence of T. pyogenes mastitis did not significantly differ by month or show seasonality in either lactating or dry cows. Therefore, the occurrence of T. pyogenes mastitis also differed from that of summer mastitis. The 1-month survival rate of infected cows was 64.6% (53/82), and the recovery rate of quarters with T. pyogenes mastitis was 14.6% (12/82). Bivariate logistic regression analysis was performed with survival and culling of infected cows as objective variables and with recovery and non-recovery of quarters with T. pyogenes mastitis as objective variables. The severe cases were significantly culled (odds ratio, 16.30) compared to mild cases, and the status of quarters didn't recover (odds ratio, 6.50). The results suggest that mild to moderate symptom severity at the time of onset are the main factors affecting outcomes in cows and recovery of quarters infected with T. pyogenes mastitis. Further, high level of NAGase activity also suggested the potential use as an indicator of culling of cows with T. pyogenes mastitis.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Actinomycetales Infections; Animals; Cattle; Dairying; Female; Hexosaminidases; Incidence; Japan; Lactation; Mastitis, Bovine; Milk; Seasons
PubMed: 28163273
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0401 -
The Biochemical Journal Oct 1981Streptomyces albus G secretes a Zn2+-containing D-alanyl-D-alanine peptidase. Streptomyces R61 and Actinomadura R39 secrete D-alanyl-D-alanine-cleaving serine...
Streptomyces albus G secretes a Zn2+-containing D-alanyl-D-alanine peptidase. Streptomyces R61 and Actinomadura R39 secrete D-alanyl-D-alanine-cleaving serine peptidases. The effect of non-classical beta-lactam antibiotics on these three model enzymes has been studied. Mecillinam, cefoxitin, quinacillin, quinacillin sulphone, clavulanate and N-formimidoylthienamycin have no effect on the Zn2+-containing enzyme. 6-Amino-penicillanic acid slowly inactivates this enzyme and 7-aminocephalosporanic acid behaves as a reversible inhibitor. Cefoxitin and N-formimidoylthienamycin are potent anti-bacterial agents; they effectively inactivate the serine R39 enzyme and, to a lesser extent, the serine R61 enzyme. All the other beta-lactam compounds tested, including mecillinam, are slow inactivators of these serine enzymes. The intermediates formed between 6-aminopenicillanic acid and the R61 and R39 enzymes are long- and short-lived respectively, whereas those formed between 7-aminocephalosporanic acid and the same R61 and R39 enzymes are short- and long-lived respectively. Breakdown of the short-lived intermediates thus obtained gives rise to several ninhydrin-positive degradation products. The intermediates formed between clavulanate and the serine enzymes are long-lived. With the R39 enzyme, the inactivated complex formed in a first step undergoes subsequent monomolecular rearrangement to give rise to a second species exhibiting a high absorbance at 273 nm.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Amdinocillin; Carboxypeptidases; Cefoxitin; Cephalosporins; Clavulanic Acid; Drug Interactions; Endopeptidases; Enzyme Inhibitors; Imipenem; Kinetics; Penicillanic Acid; Penicillins; Quinoxalines; Serine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala Carboxypeptidase; Streptomyces; Zinc; beta-Lactams
PubMed: 6279094
DOI: 10.1042/bj1990129 -
International Journal of Oral Science Mar 2013The objective of this study was to investigate the compositional profiles and microbial shifts of oral microbiota during head-and-neck radiotherapy. Bioinformatic...
The objective of this study was to investigate the compositional profiles and microbial shifts of oral microbiota during head-and-neck radiotherapy. Bioinformatic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing was performed to assess the diversity and variation of oral microbiota of irradiated patients. Eight patients with head and neck cancers were involved in this study. For each patient, supragingival plaque samples were collected at seven time points before and during radiotherapy. A total of 147,232 qualified sequences were obtained through pyrosequencing and bioinformatic analysis, representing 3,460 species level operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 140 genus level taxa. Temporal variations were observed across different time points and supported by cluster analysis based on weighted UniFrac metrics. Moreover, the low evenness of oral microbial communities in relative abundance was revealed by Lorenz curves. This study contributed to a better understanding of the detailed characterization of oral bacterial diversity of irradiated patients.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycetaceae; Alcaligenaceae; Bacteria; Capnocytophaga; Carnobacteriaceae; Computational Biology; Dental Plaque; Follow-Up Studies; Gemella; Head and Neck Neoplasms; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Middle Aged; Neisseria; Prevotella; Propionibacteriaceae; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Streptococcus; Veillonella
PubMed: 23538641
DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2013.15 -
Journal of Bacteriology Jul 1967Three cultures of Actinomyces have been identified as Actinomyces propionicus. Two of these strains are recent isolates, one, 427, from a case of cervico-facial...
Three cultures of Actinomyces have been identified as Actinomyces propionicus. Two of these strains are recent isolates, one, 427, from a case of cervico-facial actinomycosis, and one, 439, from a case of lacrimal canaliculitis. The third strain, 346, was described by F. Lentze as A. israelii serological type II. These three strains were compared with the type strain of A. propionicus ATTC 14157 and with known strains of five other Actinomyces species. Morphologically and biochemically the three new cultures of A. propionicus were identical with the type strain but closely resembled A. israelii. In serological tests making use of fluorescent antibody, all four A. propionicus strains gave negative results with antisera for A. israelii, A. bovis, A. naeslundii, and A. eriksonii, but gave positive results with antisera for A. propionicus 14157 and strain 346. The A. propionicus antisera did not stain other Actinomyces species. A. propionicus contains diaminopimelic acid (DAP) in its cell wall and produces propionic acid from glucose. All three new isolates were shown to contain DAP and to produce propionic acid. By use of the presence of DAP in the cell wall and serological tests as the differential criteria, the three cultures described in the report were specifically identified as A. propionicus.
Topics: Actinomyces; Fermentation; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Oxygen; Propionates
PubMed: 5338967
DOI: 10.1128/jb.94.1.109-115.1967 -
BMJ Case Reports Nov 2020A 40-year-old man presented to his primary care physician with a constellation of systemic symptoms and new biofilm forming along his upper airway. He had brought home a...
A 40-year-old man presented to his primary care physician with a constellation of systemic symptoms and new biofilm forming along his upper airway. He had brought home a deer 10 days prior from a day of hunting, and discovered green purulent material oozing from the entrance/exit wounds. The patient smokes cigarettes and did not use any protective equipment or wash his hands between dressing the deer and smoking. Several days following exposure, he became increasingly short of breath, fatigued, constipated and developed a cough productive of orange sputum. Speaking with state wildlife biologists led to the diagnosis of a zoonotic infection. Initial treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics was ineffective in resolving the infection. An infectious disease appointment was made, but the patient's infection resolved with the use of a veterinarian antibiotic taken under physician's supervision.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Male; Pharyngitis; Pharynx
PubMed: 33229475
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236129 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Mar 2009Actinomyces naeslundii is an important early colonizer in the oral biofilm and consists of three genospecies (1, 2 and WVA 963) which cannot be readily differentiated...
Emended description of Actinomyces naeslundii and descriptions of Actinomyces oris sp. nov. and Actinomyces johnsonii sp. nov., previously identified as Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies 1, 2 and WVA 963.
Actinomyces naeslundii is an important early colonizer in the oral biofilm and consists of three genospecies (1, 2 and WVA 963) which cannot be readily differentiated using conventional phenotypic testing or on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We have investigated a representative collection of type and reference strains and clinical and oral isolates (n=115) and determined the partial gene sequences of six housekeeping genes (atpA, rpoB, pgi, metG, gltA and gyrA). These sequences identified the three genospecies and differentiated them from Actinomyces viscosus isolated from rodents. The partial sequences of atpA and metG gave best separation of the three genospecies. A. naeslundii genospecies 1 and 2 formed two distinct clusters, well separated from both genospecies WVA 963 and A. viscosus. Analysis of the same genes in other oral Actinomyces species (Actinomyces gerencseriae, A. israelii, A. meyeri, A. odontolyticus and A. georgiae) indicated that, when sequence data were obtained, these species each exhibited <90 % similarity with the A. naeslundii genospecies. Based on these data, we propose the name Actinomyces oris sp. nov. (type strain ATCC 27044(T) =CCUG 34288(T)) for A. naeslundii genospecies 2 and Actinomyces johnsonii sp. nov. (type strain ATCC 49338(T) =CCUG 34287(T)) for A. naeslundii genospecies WVA 963. A. naeslundii genospecies 1 should remain as A. naeslundii sensu stricto, with the type strain ATCC 12104(T) =NCTC 10301(T) =CCUG 2238(T).
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Blood; Cerebrospinal Fluid; DNA, Bacterial; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Mouth; Phenotype; Plague; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Species Specificity
PubMed: 19244431
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.000950-0