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International Journal of Gynecological... Mar 2021The incidence of endocervical adenocarcinoma, the second most common cervical cancer in the world, has been on the rise. While most cervical cancers are squamous cell... (Review)
Review
The incidence of endocervical adenocarcinoma, the second most common cervical cancer in the world, has been on the rise. While most cervical cancers are squamous cell carcinomas and associated with high-risk oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV), approximately 15% of endocervical adenocarcinomas, which now represent about one quarter of all cervical cancers, are HPV-independent. In this review, we will focus on the shortcomings of historical histologic classification systems of female genital tract tumors as they pertain to endocervical adenocarcinomas, and we will highlight the advantages of the new International Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Criteria and Classification system, which forms the basis for the WHO 2020 classification. We will cover the various histologic types, subtypes, and variants of endocervical adenocarcinoma with regard to morphology, immunophenotype, molecular genetics, HPV status and differential diagnosis, and we will provide International Society of Gynecological Pathologists recommendations for diagnosing these tumors.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Female; Gynecology; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Neoplasm Grading; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Pathologists; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Societies, Medical; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 33570865
DOI: 10.1097/PGP.0000000000000751 -
Journal of Thoracic Oncology : Official... Nov 2006Advances in the pathology and computed tomography (CT) of lung adenocarcinoma and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) have demonstrated important new prognostic features...
INTRODUCTION
Advances in the pathology and computed tomography (CT) of lung adenocarcinoma and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) have demonstrated important new prognostic features that have led to changes in classification and diagnostic criteria.
METHODS
The literature and a set of cases were reviewed by a pathology/CT review panel of pathologists and radiologists who met during a November 2004 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Society of Clinical Oncology consensus workshop in New York. The group addressed the question of whether sufficient data exist to modify the 2004 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of adenocarcinoma and BAC to define a "minimally invasive" adenocarcinoma with BAC. The problems of diffuse and/or multicentric BAC and adenocarcinoma were evaluated.
RESULTS
The clinical concept of BAC needs to be reevaluated with careful attention to the new 2004 WHO criteria because of the major clinical implications. Existing data indicate that patients with solitary, small, peripheral BAC have a 100% 5-year survival rate. The favorable prognostic impact of the restrictive criteria for BAC is already being detected in major epidemiologic data sets such as the Surveillance Epidemiology and End-Results registry. Most lung adenocarcinomas, including those with a BAC component, are invasive and consist of a mixture of histologic patterns. Therefore, they are best classified as adenocarcinoma, mixed subtype. This applies not only to adenocarcinomas with a solitary nodule presentation but also to tumors with a diffuse/multinodular pattern. The percentage of BAC versus invasive components in lung adenocarcinomas seems to be prognostically important. However, at the present time, a consensus definition of "minimally invasive" BAC with a favorable prognosis was not recommended by the panel, so the 1999/2004 WHO criteria for BAC remain unchanged. In small biopsy specimens or cytology specimens, recognition of a BAC component is possible. However, it is not possible to exclude an invasive component. The diagnosis of BAC requires thorough histologic sampling of the tumor.
CONCLUSION
Advances in understanding of the pathology and CT features of BAC and adenocarcinoma have led to important changes in diagnostic criteria and classification of BAC and adenocarcinoma. These criteria need to be uniformly applied by pathologists, radiologists, clinicians, and researchers. The 2004 WHO classification of adenocarcinoma is readily applicable to research studies, but attention needs to be placed on the relative proportion of the adenocarcinoma subtypes. Other recently recognized prognostic features such as size of scar, size of invasive component, or pattern of invasion also seem to be important. More work is needed to determine the most important prognostic pathologic features in lung adenocarcinoma.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar; Biopsy, Needle; Cytodiagnosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Risk Factors; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; World Health Organization
PubMed: 17409995
DOI: No ID Found -
Head and Neck Pathology Mar 2016Adenocarcinomas of the sinonasal tract may originate from respiratory surface epithelium or the underlying seromucinous glands. These malignancies are divided into... (Review)
Review
Adenocarcinomas of the sinonasal tract may originate from respiratory surface epithelium or the underlying seromucinous glands. These malignancies are divided into salivary-type adenocarcinomas and non-salivary-type adenocarcinomas. The latter are further divided into intestinal-type and nonintestinal-type adenocarcinomas. This review provides an update on tumor classification, differential diagnostic considerations and molecular features, as well as new adenocarcinoma entities in the sinonasal area.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Biomarkers, Tumor; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms
PubMed: 26830399
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-016-0694-9 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Dec 2011Primary adenocarcinoma of urinary bladder is an uncommon neoplasm and is a source of diagnostic confusion with adenocarcinomas arising in adjacent organs, especially... (Review)
Review
Primary adenocarcinoma of urinary bladder is an uncommon neoplasm and is a source of diagnostic confusion with adenocarcinomas arising in adjacent organs, especially colon. These tumors show varied histologic picture and degree of differentiation. Clinical association with bladder exstrophy and schistosomiasis has been well documented. Primary bladder adenocarcinomas have overlapping histologic and immunohistochemical features with adenocarcinomas arising from other primary sites and the suggested immunohistochemical panel includes cytokeratins 7 and 20, 34βE12, thrombomodulin, CDX2, and β-catenin. Clinical, imaging, histologic, and immunohistochemical correlation should be done while rendering this diagnosis, as prognosis and therapeutic options for primary versus metastatic adenocarcinoma vary widely.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; CDX2 Transcription Factor; Homeodomain Proteins; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratin-20; Keratin-7; Keratins; Microfilament Proteins; Thrombomodulin; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; beta Catenin
PubMed: 22129192
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2009-0713-RS -
Cancer Imaging : the Official... Dec 2011Since the introduction of computed tomography (CT), detection of small lung cancer, especially small peripheral adenocarcinoma, is common. Recently, the morphological... (Review)
Review
Since the introduction of computed tomography (CT), detection of small lung cancer, especially small peripheral adenocarcinoma, is common. Recently, the morphological characteristics, including thin-section CT and pathologic findings, and prognosis of small peripheral lung adenocarcinomas have been studied extensively. The radiologic and microscopic findings correlate well with each other and are closely associated with tumour prognosis. Most importantly, some subtypes of small lung adenocarcinomas with specific CT or pathologic features are curable. Therefore, all defining characteristics (CT, pathologic and prognostic) of this kind of tumour should be integrated to improve our understanding, provide guidelines for management and accurately assess its prognosis.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenocarcinoma of Lung; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Prognosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 22201671
DOI: 10.1102/1470-7330.2011.0033 -
Medical Principles and Practice :... 2010Prostatic ductal adenocarcinomas may arise either in large primary periurethral prostatic ducts or in the peripheral prostatic ducts. Ductal adenocarcinomas are composed... (Review)
Review
Prostatic ductal adenocarcinomas may arise either in large primary periurethral prostatic ducts or in the peripheral prostatic ducts. Ductal adenocarcinomas are composed of tall columnar cells arranged in cribriform, papillary, solid, single glands, and PIN-like patterns. Other than the prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)-like ductal pattern, which behaves like Gleason pattern 3, ductal adenocarcinoma is comparable to Gleason pattern 4 prostate cancer. Ductal adenocarcinoma can have a patchy basal cell layer and typically expresses prostate-specific antigen (PSA) immunohistochemically. Mimickers of ductal adenocarcinoma include prostatic urethral polyps, hyperplastic benign prostate glands, high-grade PIN, colorectal adenocarcinoma, and papillary urothelial carcinoma.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma, Ductal; Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Transurethral Resection of Prostate
PubMed: 19996627
DOI: 10.1159/000252842 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Nov 2022An 18-y-old female tufted deer () had a short history of chronic diarrhea, progressive weight loss, and hindlimb instability. Given the poor prognosis, the deer was... (Review)
Review
An 18-y-old female tufted deer () had a short history of chronic diarrhea, progressive weight loss, and hindlimb instability. Given the poor prognosis, the deer was euthanized and submitted for postmortem examination. The most significant gross finding was segmental and multinodular mural thickening of the proximal colon. On cut surface of the affected colonic segments, 0.5-2-cm diameter, intramural, multiloculated, cystic structures containing gray, translucent, gelatinous material elevated the edematous mucosa. Microscopically, the intramural cystic structures were filled with mucinous matrix admixed with foamy macrophages, and lined by discontinuous segments of well-differentiated columnar, pancytokeratin-positive epithelium with basilar nuclei. Multifocally, transition was observed from hyperplastic mucosal crypt epithelium to dysplastic or neoplastic columnar and flattened epithelium lining submucosal and serosal cysts. Cyst lumina were irregularly disrupted by polypoid ingrowths of collagenous tissue covered by attenuated epithelium. Based on these findings, we diagnosed a well-differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma. Although intestinal adenocarcinomas have been described in humans and animals, they are considered uncommon in most domestic species, except for sheep, for which genetic and environmental factors appear to influence occurrence. Our report addresses the knowledge gap regarding intestinal adenocarcinomas affecting cervids and specifically the tufted deer, a less-studied, near-threatened Asian cervid.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Female; Sheep; Deer; Diagnosis, Differential; Colon; Cysts; Adenocarcinoma; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 36056527
DOI: 10.1177/10406387221123007 -
Nature Reviews. Cancer Feb 2010The public health importance of Barrett's oesophagus lies in its association with oesophageal adenocarcinoma. The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma has risen at an... (Review)
Review
The public health importance of Barrett's oesophagus lies in its association with oesophageal adenocarcinoma. The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma has risen at an alarming rate over the past four decades in many regions of the Western world, and there are indications that the incidence of this disease is on the rise in Asian populations in which it has been rare. Much has been learned of host and environmental risk factors that affect the incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma, and data indicate that patients with Barrett's oesophagus rarely develop oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Given that 95% of oesophageal adenocarcinomas arise in individuals without a prior diagnosis of Barrett's oesophagus, what strategies can be used to reduce late diagnosis of oesophageal adenocarcinoma?
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Barrett Esophagus; Esophageal Neoplasms; Genomic Instability; Humans; Risk Factors
PubMed: 20094044
DOI: 10.1038/nrc2773 -
HPB : the Official Journal of the... Nov 2013Ampullary adenocarcinoma is considered to have a better prognosis than either pancreatic or bile duct adenocarcinoma. Pancreaticoduodenectomy is associated with... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Ampullary adenocarcinoma is considered to have a better prognosis than either pancreatic or bile duct adenocarcinoma. Pancreaticoduodenectomy is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Some recent publications have advocated the use of endoscopic papillectomy for the treatment of early ampullary adenocarcinoma. This article reviews investigations and surgical treatment options of ampullary tumours.
METHODS
A systematic review of English-language articles was carried out using an electronic search of the Ovid MEDLINE (from 1996 onwards), PubMed and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews databases to identify studies related to the investigation and management of ampullary tumours.
RESULTS
Distinguishing between ampullary adenoma and adenocarcinoma is challenging given the inaccuracy of endoscopic biopsy, for which high false negative rates of 25-50% have been reported. Endoscopic ultrasound is the most accurate method for local staging of ampullary lesions, but distinguishing between T1 and T2 adenocarcinomas is difficult. Lymph node metastasis occurs early in the disease process; it is lowest for T1 tumours, but the risk is still high at 8-45%. Case reports of successful endoscopic resection and transduodenal ampullectomy of T1 adenocarcinomas have been published, but their duration of follow-up is limited.
CONCLUSIONS
Optimal staging should be used to distinguish between ampullary adenoma and adenocarcinoma. Pancreaticoduodenectomy remains the treatment of choice for all ampullary adenocarcinomas.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Ampulla of Vater; Biopsy; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Common Bile Duct Neoplasms; Endosonography; Humans; Image-Guided Biopsy
PubMed: 23458317
DOI: 10.1111/hpb.12038 -
American Society of Clinical Oncology... 2013Despite representing the longest segment of the alimentary tract, small bowel adenocarcinomas are rare. The diagnosis of small bowel adenocarcinoma is frequently delayed... (Review)
Review
Despite representing the longest segment of the alimentary tract, small bowel adenocarcinomas are rare. The diagnosis of small bowel adenocarcinoma is frequently delayed because of the nonspecific clinical symptoms and the limitations of small bowel imaging. The majority of patients will present with either lymph node or distant metastatic disease. Though the role of adjuvant therapy for resected small bowel adenocarcinoma is unclear, recent research efforts have led to an improvement in our management of advanced disease. Prospective phase II studies have successfully enrolled patients with this rare tumor type and have established the combination of a fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin as the most appropriate front-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced disease. Currently, five prospective clinical trials have been designed for patients with small bowel adenocarcinoma and enrollment to these clinical trials should be encouraged.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Humans; Intestinal Neoplasms; Intestine, Small; Lymph Nodes; Organoplatinum Compounds; Oxaliplatin; Prognosis
PubMed: 23714497
DOI: 10.14694/EdBook_AM.2013.33.189