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The Journal of International Medical... Aug 2020The aim of the present study was to assess the expression of the Ikaros transcription factor (IKZF1) in lung adenocarcinoma and investigate whether expression levels of...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present study was to assess the expression of the Ikaros transcription factor (IKZF1) in lung adenocarcinoma and investigate whether expression levels of Ikaros are correlated with lung adenocarcinoma progression.
METHODS
We conducted a retrospective study of 325 cases of resected stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma, in which histological subtyping was performed according to the 2015 World Health Organization classification. We performed immunohistochemical examinations to assess expression of Ikaros in pulmonary adenocarcinomas and evaluated the correlation between Ikaros expression and cancer progression.
RESULTS
Immunohistochemical staining was heterogeneous, with the majority of well-differentiated and moderately differentiated lung adenocarcinomas being weakly positive and the majority of the poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinomas exhibiting strong positive staining. Higher expression of Ikaros was associated with tumor recurrence or metastasis.
CONCLUSIONS
Ikaros is heterogeneously expressed in different subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma; higher expression of Ikaros was found to be associated with cancer progression.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenocarcinoma of Lung; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 32787735
DOI: 10.1177/0300060520945860 -
BMJ Case Reports May 2021Multiple primaries in patients with prostate cancer are uncommon. We report a case of prostate adenocarcinoma who did not receive any form of treatment, diagnosed 7...
Multiple primaries in patients with prostate cancer are uncommon. We report a case of prostate adenocarcinoma who did not receive any form of treatment, diagnosed 7 months later with colon adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent right extended hemicolectomy and recovered well. He is planned to receive adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal therapy. Management of such cases can present a dilemma and multiple factors must be taken into consideration, particularly when the first primary tumour is still active.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Colonic Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 33972305
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-242273 -
Thoracic Cancer Jul 2022To evaluate the long-term outcomes after surgical resection for stage I lung adenocarcinoma based on the percentage of lepidic component (LC) and invasive tumor size...
BACKGROUND
To evaluate the long-term outcomes after surgical resection for stage I lung adenocarcinoma based on the percentage of lepidic component (LC) and invasive tumor size (IS).
METHODS
The clinicopathological characteristics of 1049 patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery between 2006 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Tumors were categorized into groups: A (LC ≥ 50%) and B (LC < 50%). Groups A0 and A1 consisted of minimally invasive adenocarcinomas (MIA) and other lepidic-predominant invasive adenocarcinomas, respectively. Group B was categorized into B1 (IS ≤ 1 cm), B2 (1 < IS≤2 cm), and B3 (2 < IS≤3 cm) by invasive tumor size and divided into subgroups (B1[lep+]/[lep-], B2[lep+]/[lep-], and B3[lep+]/[lep-]) according to the presence[lep+] or absence[lep-] of LCs. Cumulative incidence of recurrence (CIR) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were examined.
RESULTS
LC decreased with increasing IS. Only 24 (8.5%) tumors in group A had an IS >1 cm. 10-year CIR and CSS were 15.2% and 86.0%. LC and IS were found to be independent predictors of CSS. Patients in group A had 1.4% 10-year CIR and 100% 10-year CSS. In group B, a significantly higher CIR and worse CSS were observed as IS increased (p < 0.001), but LC was not a predictor for CSS (p = 0.593). No significant differences in CIR or CSS were found in presence of LC or not when LC < 50% (B1[lep+]/[lep-], B2[lep+]/[lep-], and B3[lep+]/[lep-]: p = 0.36/0.48, p = 0.82/0.94, and p = 0.90/0.37, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
LC≥50% tumors demonstrated excellent prognosis regardless of IS. The outcomes of LC < 50% tumors were well predicted by IS, corresponding to the T-staging system. The predictive value of LC for prognosis became insignificant.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenocarcinoma of Lung; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35680127
DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14477 -
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology May 2024The concept of gastric-type mucinous carcinoma of the uterine cervix (GAS) has been accepted worldwide because of its aggressive clinical behaviour and the absence of... (Review)
Review
The concept of gastric-type mucinous carcinoma of the uterine cervix (GAS) has been accepted worldwide because of its aggressive clinical behaviour and the absence of high-risk human papilloma virus infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) 2020 classification divides cervical tumours into two categories: human papilloma virus-associated and human papilloma virus-independent. Hence, GAS is now classified as an human papilloma virus-independent gastric type. Because clinical studies have reported that GAS is refractory to conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, especially at an advanced stage, and has aggressive features with widespread dissemination to unusual sites, such as the omentum, peritoneum and distant organs, it is urgent to establish new treatment strategies by comparing the molecular profiles of human papilloma virus-associated adenocarcinomas. A series of genetic mutations characteristic to GAS encourage the development of future treatment strategies such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy.
Topics: Humans; Female; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Adenocarcinoma
PubMed: 38366663
DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyae019 -
Cancer Research and Treatment Jan 2020Adenocarcinoma is an extremely rare malignancy in the pediatric population. Research regarding pediatric adenocarcinoma is very rare in Korea. This study aimed to...
PURPOSE
Adenocarcinoma is an extremely rare malignancy in the pediatric population. Research regarding pediatric adenocarcinoma is very rare in Korea. This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of pediatric adenocarcinomas of various primary organ sites in Korea.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Pediatric patients under 18 years, diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of various sites between January 1995 and December 2016, were included. We retrospectively reviewed patient and tumor characteristics and calculated survival estimates, reported as 5-year survival rate and 95% confidence interval.
RESULTS
Of 80 patients (median age, 15 years; range, 10 to 17 years), 37 (46.3%) were men, and 24 (30%) had a family history of cancer or underlying disease relevant to malignancy. The cancer locations were the colon and rectum (n=32), ovaries (n=18), stomach (n=15), lung (n=4), small bowel (n=1), and other sites (n=10). Totally, 54.8% patients (42/77) had stage 3 or 4 disease. The median follow-up period was 2.0 years (range, 0 to 20.4). The 5-year overall survival estimate for all patients, and for those with stomach, colorectal, ovarian, and other cancer sites were 57.9%±11.5%, 58.2%±25.7%, 41.5%±18.2%, 87.5%±16.2%, and 64.0%±34.4%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate differed significantly between categories of adenocarcinomas into gastrointestinal (GI) (44.7%) and non-GI adenocarcinomas (78.8%) (p=0.007). The 5-year survival rate also differed significantly according to carcinoembryonic antigen level (69.3% in < 3 ng/mL, 23.8% in > 3 ng/mL; p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
In pediatric patients, adenocarcinomas arise from various organs and are often diagnosed at advanced stages. Large, prospective studies for their accurate clinical characteristics and prognostic factors are needed.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adolescent; Biomarkers, Tumor; Child; Combined Modality Therapy; Disease Management; Female; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Population Surveillance; Prognosis; Republic of Korea; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31163958
DOI: 10.4143/crt.2019.092 -
Journal of Veterinary Science Nov 2022It is challenging to diagnose metastatic tumors whose cellular morphology is different from the primary. We characterized canine primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma (PAC)...
It is challenging to diagnose metastatic tumors whose cellular morphology is different from the primary. We characterized canine primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma (PAC) and its xenografted tumors by histological and immunohistochemical analyses for critical diagnostic and cancer stem cell (CSC) markers. To generate a tumor xenograft model, we subsequently transplanted the tissue pieces from the PAC into athymic nude mice. Immunohistochemical examination was performed for diagnostic (TTF-1, Napsin A, and SP-A) and CSC markers (CD44 and CD133). The use of CSC markers together with diagnostic markers can improve the detection and diagnosis of canine primary and metastatic adenocarcinomas.
Topics: Mice; Dogs; Animals; Heterografts; Mice, Nude; Transplantation, Heterologous; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Biomarkers; Adenocarcinoma; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 36448435
DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22124 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Feb 2021There has been an increase in the number of Jack Russell Terriers (JRTs) diagnosed with adenomas and adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract in Japan. This study...
There has been an increase in the number of Jack Russell Terriers (JRTs) diagnosed with adenomas and adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract in Japan. This study retrospectively investigated the clinical and histopathological features and prognosis of adenocarcinomas arising in the gastrointestinal tract in JRT dogs. Seven JRTs and 39 dogs of other breeds diagnosed with gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma were included in the study. The most common sites of gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma in JRTs were the pylorus and rectum. On histopathological examination, these adenocarcinomas showed a papillary or tubular growth pattern, and the lesions were confined within the mucosal epithelium and poorly invasive. Among all dogs with gastric adenocarcinoma, the median survival time (MST) for five of the JRTs could not be determined because more than half of the cases remained alive, while the MST for nine non-JRT dogs was 34 days. Among all dogs with adenocarcinoma in the large intestine, the MST for three of the JRTs could not be determined, while the MST for nine non-JRT dogs was 1,973 days. The difference in MST between JRT and non-JRT dogs with gastric adenocarcinoma was significant (P=0.0220). Since gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas in JRTs show distinct characteristics with respect to their clinical features, treatment course, and prognosis, a different surgical and medical treatment plan should be considered compared to the management of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas in other dog breeds.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Female; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Tract; Japan; Male; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 33328390
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0421 -
International Journal of Gynecological... Feb 2021Prognostic factors for endocervical adernocarcinomas are well known, but little is known about prognostic biomarkers influencing outcome for the newly defined...
OBJECTIVE
Prognostic factors for endocervical adernocarcinomas are well known, but little is known about prognostic biomarkers influencing outcome for the newly defined International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2018 IB sub-stages. The aim of this study was to identify prognostic biomarkers influencing recurrence-free and overall survival for FIGO 2018 stage IB cervical adenocarcinoma sub-types. We sought to identify these factors using a large international multi-institutional series of cases.
METHODS
Stage IB endocervical adenocarcinomas were retrospectively collected from nine international institutions; full slide sets (n=464) were used to assign prognostic biomarkers. Inclusion criteria were the following: FIGO stage IB endocervical adenocarcinomas with follow-up in which all paraffin blocks/glass slides were available for review and/or additional studies and the patient was surgically treated from 1985 to 2019. The types of specimens included in the study were conizations, trachelectomies, and simple/radical hysterectomies with or without lymph node samples. We excluded in situ carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, adenosquamous carcinomas, tumors with a neuroendocrine component, carcinosarcomas, and any tumor showing clinical, macroscopic, or microscopic features suggesting a lower uterine segment, uterine corpus, or an adnexal primary origin. Tumors treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy were also excluded, as well as biopsies and loop electrosurgical excision procedures.
RESULTS
Of 464 cases, 225 (48%) were stage IB1, 177 (38%) were stage IB2, and 62 (13%) were stage IB3. Five-year and 10-year recurrence-free survivals were statistically different among stage IB sub-types (p=0.005). Silva pattern of invasion was significant for recurrence-free survival at 5 and 10 years (p=0.04); overall survival and recurrence-free survival were higher in human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cases (p=0.007 and p=0.001, respectively) and in cases without lymphovascular invasion (p=0.004 and p=0.00001, respectively). Factors that significantly influenced recurrence-free survival were HPV-independent status (p=0.05; HR 2.31; 95% CI 1.02 to 5.46), presence of lymphovascular invasion (p=0.011; HR 3.50; 95% CI 1.33 to 9.19), and presence of lymph node metastasis (p=0.016; HR 2.66; 95% CI 1.20 to 5.90).
CONCLUSION
HPV status and the presence of lymphovascular invasion are prognosticators in stage IB endocervical adenocarcinoma sub-types. These parameters should be included in future sub-staging modifications of FIGO stage IB endocervical adenocarcinomas and in treatment strategies.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Biomarkers, Tumor; Female; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Lymphatic Metastasis; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging; Papillomaviridae; Progression-Free Survival; Retrospective Studies; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 33177150
DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2020-001893 -
The Journal of Pathology Aug 2020Advances in tissue clearing and microscopy make it possible to study human diseases in three dimensions (3D). High-grade tumor budding is known to be associated with...
Advances in tissue clearing and microscopy make it possible to study human diseases in three dimensions (3D). High-grade tumor budding is known to be associated with poor prognosis in various cancers; however, little is known about the 3D architecture of tumor budding. Using tissue clearing, we analyzed the 3D structure of tumor budding and E-cadherin expression in 31 extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. A total of 31 thick slabs (up to 5 mm) were harvested from surgically resected tumor tissue, including 27 hilar and 4 distal cholangiocarcinomas. Twenty-eight cases were adenocarcinoma, and three were undifferentiated carcinoma. After clearing, the tissues were immunolabeled with antibodies to cytokeratin 19 and to E-cadherin, and then visualized using light-sheet and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Tumor budding was evaluated in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections (2D) using standard pathological criteria. Of the 31 cancers, 13 showed low-grade tumor budding and 18 showed high-grade tumor budding. First, 3D analysis revealed that the neoplastic cells in tumor buds of adenocarcinoma were typically not individual islands of cells, but rather tips of attenuated protrusions connected to the main tumor. Second, adenocarcinomas with low-grade tumor budding were composed predominantly of tubules that only focally form cords at the periphery. By contrast, adenocarcinomas with high-grade tumor budding predominantly formed cords in both centers and peripheries of the tumors. Third, adenocarcinoma with low-grade tumor budding was characterized by a few short protrusions with few branches, whereas adenocarcinoma with high-grade tumor budding was characterized by longer protrusions with more branching. Finally, immunolabeling of E-cadherin was stronger in the center of the adenocarcinoma but decreased at the tips of protrusions. E-cadherin loss was more extensive in the protrusions of high-grade tumor budding than in the protrusions of low-grade tumor budding. Our findings suggest that tumor buds as seen in 2D are, in fact, cross-sections of attenuated but contiguous protrusions extending from the main tumor. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Antigens, CD; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cadherins; Cholangiocarcinoma; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Middle Aged
PubMed: 32476131
DOI: 10.1002/path.5474 -
Digestive Surgery 2013Hepatoid carcinomas (HCs) are extrahepatic neoplasms exhibiting features of hepatocellular tumors in terms of morphology and immunohistochemistry. They have been... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Hepatoid carcinomas (HCs) are extrahepatic neoplasms exhibiting features of hepatocellular tumors in terms of morphology and immunohistochemistry. They have been described in several organs, most notably in the stomach and ovary. They can present in pure forms or in association with other morphological aspects, such as endocrine tumors or ductal adenocarcinomas. The aim of this review is to describe aspects of hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the pancreas with regard to epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
METHODS
The PubMed database was searched for publications addressing hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. We have searched for articles including the following keywords: 'pancreatic hepatoid carcinoma', 'ectopic liver cancer' and 'rare pancreas neoplasm' published to date. As references, we used case reports and review articles.
RESULTS
Pancreatic forms of HCs are extremely uncommon: only 22 cases have been reported.
CONCLUSIONS
The possibility of an HC of the pancreas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an uncommon pathological mass of the pancreas. Treatment seems to be related to the association with other neoplasms, tumor extension at the time of diagnosis and the possibility to perform a radical resection. The common embryologic origin of the pancreas and liver, together with peculiar environmental factors, may explain the development of pancreatic HCs.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Choristoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Pancreas; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Prognosis; Rare Diseases; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 24281319
DOI: 10.1159/000355442