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Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Apr 2024Adenovirus, a common respiratory pathogen, has witnessed a notable rise in incidence rates across various regions in Pakistan. Utilizing epidemiological data and climate...
Adenovirus, a common respiratory pathogen, has witnessed a notable rise in incidence rates across various regions in Pakistan. Utilizing epidemiological data and climate records, this research discerns a potential linkage between the burgeoning adenovirus cases and alterations in regional climate patterns. Through statistical analysis and modeling techniques, the study aims to elucidate the relationship between climatic variables, such as temperature, humidity, and precipitation, and the prevalence of adenovirus infections. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing effective public health interventions and preparedness strategies to mitigate the impact of adenovirus outbreaks in Pakistan. Furthermore, this research contributes to the broader discourse on the intersection of infectious diseases and climate change, highlighting the need for comprehensive adaptive measures to address emerging health challenges in a changing environment.
Topics: Humans; Adenoviridae; Pakistan; Public Health; Disease Outbreaks; Adenoviridae Infections
PubMed: 38584526
DOI: 10.1111/irv.13287 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Sep 2023A 7-mo-old farmed white-tailed deer fawn () died after several weeks of progressive deterioration associated with endoparasitism and respiratory signs. A field autopsy...
A 7-mo-old farmed white-tailed deer fawn () died after several weeks of progressive deterioration associated with endoparasitism and respiratory signs. A field autopsy was performed, and lung tissue was submitted for histologic examination. The findings were consistent with necrosuppurative bronchointerstitial pneumonia with intranuclear viral inclusions. Immunofluorescence using fluorescently labeled polyclonal antibodies to bovine adenovirus 3 and 5 was positive. To rule out cross-reactivity with other adenoviruses, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections were submitted for genome sequence analysis, which revealed a 99.6% match to (formerly adenovirus 2, OdAdV2). To our knowledge, natural clinical disease associated with OdAdV2 has not been reported previously.
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Deer; Mastadenovirus; Adenoviridae Infections; Pneumonia; Cattle Diseases
PubMed: 37305980
DOI: 10.1177/10406387231179140 -
BMC Veterinary Research Aug 2022Over the past 10 years, inclusion body hepatitis outbreaks, essentially from commercial broiler flocks, have been detected in different geographic regions highlighting...
BACKGROUND
Over the past 10 years, inclusion body hepatitis outbreaks, essentially from commercial broiler flocks, have been detected in different geographic regions highlighting the wide distribution of FAdVs around the world resulting in serious economic losses due to increased mortalities as well as poor performance within poultry farms in Assiut province, Egypt. Thus, this study was achieved to detect fowl adenovirus in broiler chicken flocks in Assiut province, Egypt and to recognize the pathogenicity of the isolated virus.
RESULTS
The phylogeny of the L1 loop of the hexon gene exposed that the isolated virus clustered and belonged to the reference strains serotype D FAdV. The isolated virus is closely related to inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) strains causing extensive economic losses. The pathogenicity study of the virus showed typical macroscopic lesions with 6% mortality; furthermore, histopathological inspection exhibited severe hepatitis and degenerative changes after 5d from infection in the immune system. CONCLUSION: Results in this research support the primary pathogenicity and mortality caused by FADV serotype 2 (IBH) alone without immunosuppressive agents thus robust control measures should be implanted against FAdV to evade the serious economic losses in poultry farms.
Topics: Adenoviridae Infections; Animals; Aviadenovirus; Chickens; Egypt; Genotype; Phylogeny; Poultry; Poultry Diseases; Virulence
PubMed: 36042468
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03422-1 -
Poultry Science Sep 2019Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is the causative agent of hydropericardium syndrome. To clarify the effects of FAdV-4 on immune organs in birds, we conducted a...
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is the causative agent of hydropericardium syndrome. To clarify the effects of FAdV-4 on immune organs in birds, we conducted a detailed examination of dynamic morphology and damage mechanisms in chickens randomly divided into 4 groups (FAdV-4, vaccination, FAdV-4 plus vaccination, and control). FAdV-4 caused the depletion of lymphocytes and subsequent growth impairment in the thymus and bursa. Chickens infected with FAdV-4 and subjected to vaccination experienced greater inhibition of antibody responses to inactivated vaccines against Newcastle disease and avian influenza virus subtype H9 than uninfected and vaccinated chickens. The mechanisms underlying adenovirus-mediated lymphoid organ damage were further investigated via transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling and apoptotic genes transcription analyses. Notably, lymphocytes apoptosis in lymphoid organs and expression of specific gene transcripts was significantly upregulated after infection (P < 0.05). Furthermore, increased expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA was observed (P < 0.05), compared to the control group. Our collective findings suggested that FAdV-4 caused structural and functional damage of immune organs via apoptosis along with induction of a severe inflammatory response.
Topics: Adenoviridae Infections; Animals; Apoptosis; Chickens; Fowl adenovirus A; Immune Tolerance; Immunity, Humoral; Inflammation; Poultry Diseases; Random Allocation; Serogroup; Viral Tropism
PubMed: 30993349
DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez179 -
BMC Infectious Diseases May 2013Diarrheal diseases represent a major worldwide public health problem particularly in developing countries. Each year, at least four million children under five years of...
BACKGROUND
Diarrheal diseases represent a major worldwide public health problem particularly in developing countries. Each year, at least four million children under five years of age die from diarrhea. Rotavirus, enteric adenovirus and some bacterial species are the most common identified infectious agents responsible for diarrhea in young children worldwide. This study was conducted to determine prevalence of rotavirus and adenovirus associated with diarrhea among displaced communities in Khartoum state, Sudan.
METHODS
A total of seven hundred and ten patients, children and adults, suffering from diarrhea were examined. The clinical history, socio-demographic characteristics, physical examination findings and laboratory investigations were recorded. Stool samples or rectal swabs were collected and tested for rotavirus and adenovirus antigens using the immuno-chromatography test (ICT). Characterization of the identified Rotaviruses, as a major cause of diarrhea, was then made using real time-reverse transcription PCR. To make the study legal, an ethical clearance was obtained from Sudan Ministry of health- Research Ethical Committee. Written consent was taken from adult subjects, and also from children mothers.The participants were informed using simple language about the infection, aim of the research and the benefits of the study.
RESULTS
Out of the 710 patients, viral pathogens were detected in only 99 cases (13.9%). Of the 99 cases of viral diarrhea, 83 (83.8%) were due to rotaviruses while 16 (16.2%) attributed to adenovirus. Of the 83 rotaviruses identified, 42 were characterized by RT-PCR, of these 40 (95.2%) were proved as type A (VP6), and 2 (4.8%) type C (VP7). Type C (VP7) rotavirus was detected in samples collected from children under 5 years only.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, most cases of viral diarrhea are found to be caused by rotavirus especially among children less than five years. Most of the identified rotavirus belonged to type A (VP6).It was also evident that most patients are those who drank untreated water obtained from donkey carts source and who had no access to latrines, and lived in poor environmental conditions would acquire diarrheal infection.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diarrhea; Feces; Humans; Infant; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prevalence; Refugees; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rotavirus; Rotavirus Infections; Socioeconomic Factors; Sudan
PubMed: 23657114
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-209 -
The UPR sensor IRE1α and the adenovirus E3-19K glycoprotein sustain persistent and lytic infections.Nature Communications Apr 2020Persistent viruses cause chronic disease, and threaten the lives of immunosuppressed individuals. Here, we elucidate a mechanism supporting the persistence of human...
Persistent viruses cause chronic disease, and threaten the lives of immunosuppressed individuals. Here, we elucidate a mechanism supporting the persistence of human adenovirus (AdV), a virus that can kill immunosuppressed patients. Cell biological analyses, genetics and chemical interference demonstrate that one of five AdV membrane proteins, the E3-19K glycoprotein specifically triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR) sensor IRE1α in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but not other UPR sensors, such as protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). The E3-19K lumenal domain activates the IRE1α nuclease, which initiates mRNA splicing of X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1). XBP1s binds to the viral E1A-enhancer/promoter sequence, and boosts E1A transcription, E3-19K levels and lytic infection. Inhibition of IRE1α nuclease interrupts the five components feedforward loop, E1A, E3-19K, IRE1α, XBP1s, E1A enhancer/promoter. This loop sustains persistent infection in the presence of the immune activator interferon, and lytic infection in the absence of interferon.
Topics: A549 Cells; Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Adenovirus E1A Proteins; Adenovirus E3 Proteins; Chronic Disease; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Endoribonucleases; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Gene Knockout Techniques; HeLa Cells; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Interferon-gamma; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; RNA Splicing; Virus Latency; Virus Release; X-Box Binding Protein 1
PubMed: 32332742
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15844-2 -
The Journal of General Virology Dec 2007Adenovirus infection subverts nucleolar structure and function. B23 is a nucleolar protein present in two isoforms (B23.1 and B23.2) and both isoforms have been... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Adenovirus infection subverts nucleolar structure and function. B23 is a nucleolar protein present in two isoforms (B23.1 and B23.2) and both isoforms have been identified as stimulatory factors for adenovirus DNA replication. Here, it is demonstrated that the two isoforms of B23, B23.1 and B23.2, interact and co-localize differently with viral DNA replication proteins pTP and DBP in adenovirus-infected cells. Thus, the mechanism by which the two proteins stimulate viral DNA replication is likely to differ. These data also demonstrate the importance of testing both isoforms of B23 for interactions with viral proteins and nucleic acids.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; DNA Replication; DNA, Viral; DNA-Binding Proteins; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; HeLa Cells; Humans; Nuclear Proteins; Protein Binding; Viral Proteins; Virus Replication
PubMed: 18024892
DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.83196-0 -
Poultry Science Dec 2022Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) is an economically significant viral disease that primarily affects broiler chickens. At least 12 different aviadenovirus serotypes are...
Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) is an economically significant viral disease that primarily affects broiler chickens. At least 12 different aviadenovirus serotypes are responsible for causing IBH. This study aimed to use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and phylogenetic analysis to characterize fowl adenovirus isolates that were in circulation from 2019 to 2021 and investigate the pathogenicity of the isolated strains in commercial broiler chickens. Suspected liver samples were molecularly identified using hexon gene targeting by PCR, and viruses were isolated using chick embryo liver cell culture. For serotype identification, the fowl adenovirus-positive samples were subjected to hexon gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The pathogenicity of two isolates was tested in commercial chickens via the oral route. The phylogenetic analysis of the hexon gene showed that the isolated viruses clustered with serotype 8a species E. On testing the pathogenicity of the isolates based on necropsy and histopathological examination, no mortality was observed; however, lesions were observed in the liver, kidney, heart, pancreas, bursa, and lung specimens with intermittent virus shedding at different time points throughout the experimental period. Further research on the likelihood of vaccine production is warranted to limit disease-related losses.
Topics: Animals; Chick Embryo; Aviadenovirus; Chickens; Serogroup; Adenoviridae; Virulence; Phylogeny; Poultry Diseases; Adenoviridae Infections
PubMed: 36209666
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101918 -
Transplant Infectious Disease : An... Apr 2021Human adenovirus (HAdV) is an important cause of the common cold and epidemic keratoconjunctivitis in immunocompetent individuals. In immunocompromised patients, HAdV...
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is an important cause of the common cold and epidemic keratoconjunctivitis in immunocompetent individuals. In immunocompromised patients, HAdV can sometimes cause severe infection such as cystitis, gastroenteritis, pneumonia, encephalitis, hepatitis, or disseminated disease, resulting in significant morbidity and also mortality. In particular, severe cases have been reported in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Indeed HAdV has been recognized as a pathogen that requires careful monitoring in allo-HSCT patients. While HAdV hepatitis leading to severe acute liver failure is rare, such liver failure progresses rapidly and is often fatal. Unfortunately, HAdV hepatitis has few characteristic symptoms and physical findings, which makes it difficult to promptly confirm and start treatment. We report here four cases of HAdV hepatitis after allo-HSCT and their autopsy findings.
Topics: Adenoviridae Infections; Adenoviruses, Human; Cystitis; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Liver Failure, Acute
PubMed: 33075208
DOI: 10.1111/tid.13496 -
Archives of Virology Mar 2019Recently, infectious disease outbreaks characterized by swelling and hemorrhagic liver and kidneys occurred in Muscovy ducklings in China. Four viruses were isolated and...
Recently, infectious disease outbreaks characterized by swelling and hemorrhagic liver and kidneys occurred in Muscovy ducklings in China. Four viruses were isolated and identified as adenoviruses by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequence analysis identified the new isolates as duck adenovirus 3 (DAdV-3), species Duck aviadenovirus B. The pathogenicity of the new isolate DAdV-3 FJGT01 was investigated using challenge experiments. The gross lesions in the animal experiment were similar to the clinical lesions observed in the diseased ducks. TEM examination of liver sample showed that virions accumulated and arranged in crystal lattice formations in the nuclei of hepatocytes. The present study provides new information about the epidemiology and characteristics of duck adenovirus associated with Muscovy ducklings.
Topics: Adenoviridae Infections; Animals; Aviadenovirus; Ducks; Liver; Phylogeny; Poultry Diseases; Virulence
PubMed: 30564896
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-4105-2