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Viruses Aug 2019Since 2015, severe outbreaks of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), caused by hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), have emerged in several provinces... (Review)
Review
Since 2015, severe outbreaks of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), caused by hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), have emerged in several provinces in China, posing a great threat to poultry industry. So far, factors contributing to the pathogenesis of hypervirulent FAdV-4 have not been fully uncovered. Elucidation of the pathogenesis of FAdV-4 will facilitate the development of effective FAdV-4 vaccine candidates for the control of HHS and vaccine vector. The interaction between pathogen and host defense system determines the pathogenicity of the pathogen. Therefore, the present review highlights the knowledge of both viral and host factors contributing to the pathogenesis of hypervirulent FAdV-4 strains to facilitate the related further studies.
Topics: Adenoviridae Infections; Animals; Disease Susceptibility; Fowl adenovirus A; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Poultry Diseases; Serogroup; Viral Proteins; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 31408986
DOI: 10.3390/v11080741 -
Viruses May 2023Bats are an important natural reservoir of various pathogenic microorganisms, and regular monitoring is necessary to track the situation of zoonotic infections. When...
Bats are an important natural reservoir of various pathogenic microorganisms, and regular monitoring is necessary to track the situation of zoonotic infections. When examining samples from bats in South Kazakhstan, nucleotide sequences of putative novel bat adenovirus (AdV) species were found. Estimates of amino acid identities of the hexon protein have shown that potentially novel Bat mastadenovirus BatAdV-KZ01 shared higher similarity with monkey Rhesus adenovirus 59 (74.29%) than with Bat AdVs E and H (74.00%). Phylogenetically, BatAdV-KZ01 formed a separate clade, distant from Bat AdVs and other mammalian AdVs. Since adenoviruses are essential pathogens for many mammals, including humans and bats, this finding is of interest from both scientific and epidemiological points of view.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Adenoviridae; Phylogeny; Chiroptera; Kazakhstan; Adenoviridae Infections; Mastadenovirus
PubMed: 37243225
DOI: 10.3390/v15051139 -
Viruses Jun 2019Adenoviruses are important pathogens of humans and animals. Bats have been recognized as potential reservoirs of novel viruses, with some viruses being regarded as a...
Adenoviruses are important pathogens of humans and animals. Bats have been recognized as potential reservoirs of novel viruses, with some viruses being regarded as a possible zoonotic threat to humans. In this study, we report the detection and analysis of adenoviruses from different bat species in northern Italy. Upon sequence and phylogenetic analysis, based on a short diagnostic fragment of the highly-conserved DNA polymerase gene, we identified potential novel candidate adenovirus species, including an avian-like adenovirus strain. An adenovirus isolate was obtained in simian cell lines from the carcass of a , and the complete genome sequence was reconstructed using deep sequencing technologies. The virus displayed high nucleotide identity and virtually the same genome organization as the strain PPV1, isolated in Germany in 2007. Gathering data on epidemiology and the genetic diversity of bat adenoviruses may be helpful to better understand their evolution in the mammalian and avian hosts.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Animals; Chiroptera; Genome, Viral; Germany; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Italy; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Zoonoses
PubMed: 31174292
DOI: 10.3390/v11060523 -
Journal of Virology Feb 2015Adenovirus vectors are widely used as vaccine candidates for a variety of pathogens, including HIV-1. To date, human and chimpanzee adenoviruses have been explored in...
UNLABELLED
Adenovirus vectors are widely used as vaccine candidates for a variety of pathogens, including HIV-1. To date, human and chimpanzee adenoviruses have been explored in detail as vaccine vectors. The phylogeny of human and chimpanzee adenoviruses is overlapping, and preexisting humoral and cellular immunity to both are exhibited in human populations worldwide. More distantly related adenoviruses may therefore offer advantages as vaccine vectors. Here we describe the primary isolation and vectorization of three novel adenoviruses from rhesus monkeys. The seroprevalence of these novel rhesus monkey adenovirus vectors was extremely low in sub-Saharan Africa human populations, and these vectors proved to have immunogenicity comparable to that of human and chimpanzee adenovirus vaccine vectors in mice. These rhesus monkey adenoviruses phylogenetically clustered with the poorly described adenovirus species G and robustly stimulated innate immune responses. These novel adenoviruses represent a new class of candidate vaccine vectors.
IMPORTANCE
Although there have been substantial efforts in the development of vaccine vectors from human and chimpanzee adenoviruses, far less is known about rhesus monkey adenoviruses. In this report, we describe the isolation and vectorization of three novel rhesus monkey adenoviruses. These vectors exhibit virologic and immunologic characteristics that make them attractive as potential candidate vaccine vectors for both HIV-1 and other pathogens.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Africa South of the Sahara; Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Cluster Analysis; DNA, Viral; Drug Carriers; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Macaca mulatta; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Vaccines, Synthetic
PubMed: 25410856
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02950-14 -
Open Veterinary Journal 2021Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) is a double-stranded DNA virus with a non-enveloped structure comprising three major proteins known as hexon, penton, and fiber. Molecular... (Review)
Review
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) is a double-stranded DNA virus with a non-enveloped structure comprising three major proteins known as hexon, penton, and fiber. Molecular analysis which emphasizes on hexon and fiber proteins is currently the major focus of curiosity for FAdV antigenicity and pathogenicity. Recently, disease outbreaks associated with FAdV infections such as inclusion body hepatitis, hepatitis hydropericardium syndrome, and gizzard erosion, were commonly reported and continue to increase worldwide. Studies on the virulence gene of the virus were intensively conducted to provide a better understanding on the role of these major capsid proteins in the development of a safe and effective vaccine against the disease in the poultry industry. This paper highlights the variations of the fiber and hexon genes, their importance in genotypes and serotypes differentiation, and infectivity between FAdV strains. It appears that the L1 loop of hexon and the knob of fiber genes are the infectivity markers for FAdV infection. The fiber-2 protein plays a major role in FAdV pathogenicity than the hexon protein, while the fiber-1 protein is important for viral replication and assembly, regardless of virulence capability instead of infectivity. The hexon protein plays a major role in virus infectivity and tissue tropism. These findings could further enhance the knowledge of FAdV strains' classification and evolution, diagnosis, and strategies to prevent and control FAdV infection and outbreaks in chicken farms.
Topics: Adenoviridae Infections; Animals; Aviadenovirus; Chickens; Phylogeny; Poultry Diseases; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 35070851
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i4.6 -
Viruses Nov 2021Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) have long been recognized as critical viral pathogens within the poultry industry, associated with severe economic implications worldwide. This... (Review)
Review
Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) have long been recognized as critical viral pathogens within the poultry industry, associated with severe economic implications worldwide. This specific group of viruses is responsible for a broad spectrum of diseases in birds, and an increasing occurrence of outbreaks was observed in the last ten years. Since their first discovery forty years ago in South Korea, twelve antigenically distinct serotypes of fowl adenoviruses have been described. This comprehensive review covers the history of fowl adenovirus outbreaks in South Korea and updates the current epidemiological landscape of serotype diversity and replacement as well as challenges in developing effective broadly protective vaccines. In addition, transitions in the prevalence of dominant fowl adenovirus serotypes from 2007 to 2021, alongside the history of intervention strategies, are brought into focus. Finally, future aspects are also discussed.
Topics: Adenoviridae Infections; Adenovirus Vaccines; Animals; Aviadenovirus; Disease Outbreaks; History, 21st Century; Phylogeny; Poultry Diseases; Republic of Korea; Serogroup
PubMed: 34835062
DOI: 10.3390/v13112256 -
Study on Adenovirus Infection in vitro with Nanoself-Assembling Peptide as Scaffolds for 3D Culture.International Journal of Nanomedicine 2020To construct a three-dimensional (3D) culture model of adenovirus in vitro using the nanoself-assembling peptide RADA16-I as a 3D cell culture scaffold combined with...
PURPOSE
To construct a three-dimensional (3D) culture model of adenovirus in vitro using the nanoself-assembling peptide RADA16-I as a 3D cell culture scaffold combined with virology experimental technology to provide a novel research method for virus isolation and culture, pathogenesis research, antiviral drug screening and vaccine preparation.
METHODS
The nanoself-assembling peptide RADA16-I was used as a 3D scaffold material for 293T cell culture, and adenovirus was cultured in the cells. The growth, morphological characteristics and pathological effects of 3D-cultured 293T cells after adenovirus infection were observed with an inverted microscope and MTS. The proliferation of adenovirus in 293T cells was observed by TEM and detected by qPCR. The levels of TNF-α and IL-8 secreted by adenovirus-infected 293T cells in the RADA16-I 3D culture system were detected by ELISA.
RESULTS
The 293T cells grew well in the RADA16-I 3D culture system for a prolonged period of time. The adenovirus infection persisted for a long time with multiple proliferation peaks, which closely resembled those of in vivo infections. The adenovirus virions amplified in the 3D system remained infectious. There were multiple secretion peaks of TNF-α and IL-8 secretion levels in adenovirus-infected 293T cells cultured in 3D culture systems.
CONCLUSION
The nanoself-assembling peptide RADA16-I can be used as a 3D scaffold for adenovirus isolation, culture and research. The 3D culture system shows more realistic in vivo effects than two-dimensional (2D) culture.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Proliferation; Cytokines; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Nanoparticles; Peptides; Virion
PubMed: 32922004
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S239395 -
BMC Pediatrics Jan 2023The purpose of this study was to investigate the typing of adenovirus (AdV) infection in children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) and its...
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to investigate the typing of adenovirus (AdV) infection in children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) and its clinical characteristics.
METHODS
Samples from 7832 hospitalized children with ARTIs from January 2021 to June 2022 were tested by multiplex PCR for AdV. AdV hex neighborhood genes were amplified and sequenced for typing by nested PCR.
RESULTS
Three hundred twenty-eight cases were positive for AdV with rate of 4.48% (328/7832). No statistical difference in the rate of AdV detection was observed in different ages (P > 0.05). Among the 328 cases, 305 cases underwent amplification and sequence determination of AdV five-neighborhood, six-neighborhood and fibronectin genes. Only 237 cases were sequenced successfully for all 3 genetic fragments. The typing results of 231 cases with 3 genes were consistent, with 49.78% (115/231) of type 3, 41.56% (96/231) of type 7 and 8.66% (20/231) of other types identified. The main clinical symptoms in 231 children hospitalized with ARTI who were AdV positive were cough, sputum not easily coughable, Wheezing or shortness of breath and fever. Clinical diagnoses of 231 cases included: acute bronchitis 3.03% (7/231), capillary bronchitis 16.45% (38/231), pneumonia (mild/severe) 76.62% (177/231) (68.40% (158/231) in mild and 8.23% (19/231) in severe cases), bronchial asthma combined with pulmonary infection 3.46% (8/231). Higher percentage of shortness of breath, multilobar infiltration, and pleural effusion were found in type 7. Calcitoninogen in type 7 were significantly higher than those of type 3 and other types, and the white blood cell count was lower than those of type 3 and other types, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
AdV type 3 and 7 were frequently found in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract involvement. AdV type 7 seems to be associated with more severe outcome.
Topics: Child; Humans; Infant; Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Bronchitis; Dyspnea; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; Pneumonia; Respiratory Tract Infections; Child, Preschool
PubMed: 36647010
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-03840-6 -
Virology Aug 2022In the adenovirus-infected cells, virus mRNAs are selectively exported to the cytoplasm by virus early gene products to facilitate virus replication. We previously...
In the adenovirus-infected cells, virus mRNAs are selectively exported to the cytoplasm by virus early gene products to facilitate virus replication. We previously showed AU-rich elements (AREs) containing mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm and stabilized in infected cells. Here, we analyzed ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules in the cytoplasm that are involved in mRNA degradation to elucidate the mechanism of ARE-mRNA stabilization in adenovirus infected cells. Our findings showed that processing bodies (PBs) aggregate, then almost all PBs are translocated to aggresomes formed by adenoviral gene products during the late phase of infection. Furthermore, E4orf3 was required for the PBs translocation, and the same domains of E4orf3-mutants required to change the form of promyelocytic leukemia bodies were also needed for PBs translocation. Luciferase activity showed that these domains were critical for miRNA- and ARE-mediated mRNA decay. These findings suggest that adenovirus changes the behavior of PBs to prevent ARE-mRNA downregulation.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Cytoplasm; Humans; Processing Bodies; RNA, Messenger; Viral Proteins; Virus Replication
PubMed: 35779334
DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.06.009 -
Emerging Microbes & Infections 2019Adenoviruses (AdVs) are major contributors to clinical illnesses. Novel human and animal AdVs continue to be identified and characterized. Comparative analyses using...
Adenoviruses (AdVs) are major contributors to clinical illnesses. Novel human and animal AdVs continue to be identified and characterized. Comparative analyses using bioinformatic methods and Omics-based technologies allow insights into how these human pathogens have emerged and their potential for host cross-species transmission. Systematic review of literature published across ProQuest, Pubmed, and Web of Science databases for evidence of adenoviral zoonotic potential identified 589 citations. After removing duplicates, 327 citations were screened for relevance; of which, 74 articles received full-text reviews. Among these, 24 were included here, of which 16 demonstrated evidence of zoonotic transmission of AdVs. These documented instances of AdV crossing host species barriers between humans and non-human primate, bat, feline, swine, canine, ovine, and caprine. Eight studies sought to but did not find evidence of zoonosis. The findings demonstrate substantial evidence suggesting AdVs have previously and will continue crossing host species barriers. These have human health consequences both in terms of novel pathogen emergence and epidemic outbreaks, and of appropriate and safe use of non-human adenoviruses for therapeutics. As routine human clinical diagnostics may miss a novel cross-species adenovirus infection in humans, next generation sequencing or panspecies molecular diagnostics may be necessary to detect such incursions.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Animals; Cats; Dogs; Goats; Host Specificity; Humans; Phylogeny; Sheep; Swine; Zoonoses
PubMed: 31749409
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1690953