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Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Apr 2008A good aesthetic outcome is an important endpoint of breast cancer treatment. Subjective ratings, direct physical measurements, measurements on photographs, and... (Review)
Review
A good aesthetic outcome is an important endpoint of breast cancer treatment. Subjective ratings, direct physical measurements, measurements on photographs, and assessment by three-dimensional imaging are reviewed and future directions in aesthetic outcome measurements are discussed. Qualitative, subjective scales have frequently been used to assess aesthetic outcomes following breast cancer treatment. However, none of these scales has achieved widespread use because they are typically vague and have low intraobserver and interobserver agreement. Anthropometry is not routinely performed because conducting the large studies needed to validate anthropometric measures (i.e., studies in which several observers measure the same subjects multiple times) is impractical. Quantitative measures based on digital/digitized photographs have yielded acceptable results but have some limitations. Three-dimensional imaging has the potential to enable consistent, objective assessment of breast appearance, including properties (e.g., volume) that are not available from two-dimensional images. However, further work is needed to define three-dimensional measures of aesthetic properties and how they should be interpreted.
Topics: Anthropometry; Breast; Esthetics; Female; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Photography
PubMed: 18349598
DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000304593.74672.b8 -
International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2022Although it is common to measure bone lengths for study, methodological errors in data measurement and processing often invalidate their clinical and scientific... (Review)
Review
Although it is common to measure bone lengths for study, methodological errors in data measurement and processing often invalidate their clinical and scientific usefulness. This manuscript reviews the validity of several published equations used to determine the maximum height in older adults, since height is an anthropometric parameter widely employed in health sciences. A systematic review of original articles published in the English, Spanish, or Portuguese languages was performed in PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, Springer Link, and two institutional publisher integrators (UACJ and CONRICYT). The search terms were included in the metasearch engines in a combined way and text form using the Boolean connectors AND and OR {(Determination OR Estimation OR Equation) AND Height AND (Elderly OR "Older adults")}. Eleven manuscripts were selected from 1935 records identified through database searching after applying the following criteria: (1) original articles that designed and validated equations for the determination of height by anthropometric methods in adults 60 years of age and older and (2) manuscripts that presented robust evidence of validation of the proposed regression models. The validity of the reported linear regression models was assessed throughout a manuscript review process called multi-objective optimization that considered the collection of the models, the prediction errors, and the adjustment values (i.e., R, standard error of estimation, and pure error). A total of 64 equations were designed and validated in 45,449 participants (57.1% women) from four continents: America (85.3%, with 46 equations), Asia (8.1%, with 10), Europe (4.6%, with 7), and Africa (2.0%, with 1); the Hispanic American ethnic group was the most numerous in participants and equations (69.0%, with 28). Due to various omissions and methodological errors, this study did not find any valid and reliable equations to assess the maximum height in older adults by anthropometric methods. It is proposed to adjust allometric mathematical models that can be interpreted in the light of ontogenetic processes.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Anthropometry; Body Height; Ethnicity; Linear Models; Middle Aged
PubMed: 35564467
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095072 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Feb 2022Breast surgery requires a high aesthetic outcome and should be individualized according to anthropometric breast and body characteristics. This study aimed to measure...
OBJECTIVES
Breast surgery requires a high aesthetic outcome and should be individualized according to anthropometric breast and body characteristics. This study aimed to measure the anthropometric parameters and volume of Vietnamese female breasts and their application in breast surgery.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional descriptive study enrolled 240 women treated at Vietnam National Cancer Hospital aged 18 to 78 years old. The measurements were obtained with the patient sitting upright in the anatomic position based on key landmarks and breast volume was also assessed. Differences in breast anthropometric measurements and breast volume were compared between groups of age, BMI, and the number of children. The correlation between breast volume calculated by anthropometric method and surgical specimen volume was evaluated to determine the accuracy of this method.
RESULTS
The mean values of the right and left breast volumes are less statistically different. Mean breast volume of the right breast and left breast were 396.1±182.3ml and 399.4±182.2ml, respectively. The proportion of breast ptosis increased with age (p=0.027), Body mass index (p<0.0001), and the number of children (p=0.004). The most important factor affecting the size and shape of the breast was body mass index (BMI). Mastectomy specimen volume and breast volume calculated by the anthropometric method are highly correlated with r=0.966.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study should be applied in clinical practice in breast surgery for Vietnamese women.
.Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Anatomic Landmarks; Anthropometry; Asian People; Body Mass Index; Breast; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gravidity; Humans; Mastectomy; Middle Aged; Organ Size; Pregnancy; Sitting Position; Vietnam; Young Adult
PubMed: 35225480
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.2.665 -
Arhiv Za Higijenu Rada I Toksikologiju Mar 2014High prevalence of obesity, as a major public health problem, is connected with chronic cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. That is why some simple anthropometric... (Review)
Review
High prevalence of obesity, as a major public health problem, is connected with chronic cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. That is why some simple anthropometric parameters were developed to estimate overweight and obesity, and in the primary screening of risk groups. In this field, body mass index (BMI) is the most frequent parameter, both in epidemiological research and in everyday practice. It is a part of the algorithm used in the early detection of overweight and obese persons. However, BMI does not provide any data on body composition. This is why it is particularly insufficient in estimating body mass in physically active persons and in athletes who are often overweight, with a higher proportion of lean body mass but without any excess fat, as well as in those with normal weight but lower than normal lean body mass and/ or gentle skeleton. Over the last few decades, attention has been especially directed to different body fat distribution in relation to chronic cardio-vascular and metabolic diseases. Waist circumference (WC) is the best anthropometric predictor of cardiovascular risk. It is considered an indirect parameter of visceral fat. WC and waist-to-hip ratio are good parameters showing body fat distribution and cardio-metabolic risk. Waist-to-height ratio is suggested by some authors to be an even better parameter of cardio-vascular risk and metabolic syndrome. Hypertriglyceridemia combined with increased WC is considered a marker of atherogenic metabolic risk. The paper also deals with procedures of body composition analysis. Anthropometric assessment of body composition analysis belongs to a group of simple and inexpensive procedures. Development of generalised equations for body density prediction introduced anthropometric methods in the analysis of body composition in everyday practice.
Topics: Algorithms; Anthropometry; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Comorbidity; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity; Risk Assessment; Waist Circumference; Waist-Hip Ratio
PubMed: 24615480
DOI: 10.2478/10004-1254-65-2014-2381 -
Journal of Nutritional Science 2023The considerable amount of original and generic types of skinfold calipers available is a source of systematic measurement error. This study is a brief report that...
The considerable amount of original and generic types of skinfold calipers available is a source of systematic measurement error. This study is a brief report that critically examines the original and illustrated structural configuration of the three main types of skinfold calipers. For more than half a century, the Harpenden®, Lange® and Slim Guide® skinfolds calipers have been widely used in clinical and research settings. It is well established that the physical, mechanical and functional specificity of each type of skinfold caliper makes its interchangeable use impossible. Our report suggests that commercially available technical specifications are insufficient to judiciously choose a skinfold caliper. The area of the jaws, the coefficient of spring and the static and dynamic downward pressure of each type of skinfold caliper must be determined in the metrological laboratory and added to the technical user manual. Choosing a type of skinfold caliper for regular use, without conflict of commercial interest, requires a critical understanding of the physical, mechanical and functional characteristics that configure it. Therefore, a new downward static calibration test and the first eligibility flowchart for a skinfold caliper have been proposed. Finally, the information gathered in this report may be useful for manufacturers of anthropometric instruments and health professionals who use the skinfold technique as a tool for diagnosis and nutritional control.
Topics: Skinfold Thickness; Anthropometry; Seasons
PubMed: 37528836
DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.58 -
British Medical Journal (Clinical... Sep 1981
Topics: Anthropometry; Body Height; Child; Female; Growth Disorders; Humans; Male
PubMed: 6794730
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.283.6295.861-c -
PloS One 2020A new methodology was developed to quickly generate whole body models with detailed neck musculoskeletal architecture that are properly scaled in terms of anthropometry...
A new methodology was developed to quickly generate whole body models with detailed neck musculoskeletal architecture that are properly scaled in terms of anthropometry and muscle strength. This method was implemented in an anthropometric model generation software that allows users to interactively generate any new male or female musculoskeletal models with adjustment of anthropometric parameters (such as height, weight, neck circumference, and neck length) without the need of subject-specific motion capture or medical images. 50th percentile male and female models were developed based on the 2012 US Army Anthropometric Survey (ANSUR II) database and optimized with a novel bilevel optimization method to have strengths comparable to experimentally measured values in the literature. Other percentile models (ranging from the 1st to 99th percentile) were generated based on anthropometric scaling of the 50th percentile models and compared. The resultant models are reasonably accurate in terms of both musculoskeletal geometry and neck strength, demonstrating the effectiveness of the developed methodology for interactive neck model generation with anthropometric scaling.
Topics: Adult; Anthropometry; Body Height; Body Weight; Female; Humans; Isometric Contraction; Male; Models, Anatomic; Muscle Strength; Musculoskeletal System; Neck; Software
PubMed: 31990914
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219954 -
International Journal of Epidemiology Apr 2015Associations between anthropometry and head and neck cancer (HNC) risk are inconsistent. We aimed to evaluate these associations while minimizing biases found in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Associations between anthropometry and head and neck cancer (HNC) risk are inconsistent. We aimed to evaluate these associations while minimizing biases found in previous studies.
METHODS
We pooled data from 1,941,300 participants, including 3760 cases, in 20 cohort studies and used multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of anthropometric measures with HNC risk overall and stratified by smoking status.
RESULTS
Greater waist circumference (per 5 cm: HR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.03-1.05, P-value for trend = <0.0001) and waist-to-hip ratio (per 0.1 unit: HR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.05-1.09, P-value for trend = <0.0001), adjusted for body mass index (BMI), were associated with higher risk and did not vary by smoking status (P-value for heterogeneity = 0.85 and 0.44, respectively). Associations with BMI (P-value for interaction = <0.0001) varied by smoking status. Larger BMI was associated with higher HNC risk in never smokers (per 5 kg/m(2): HR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.06-1.24, P-value for trend = 0.0006), but not in former smokers (per 5 kg/m(2): HR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.93-1.06, P-value for trend = 0.79) or current smokers (per 5 kg/m(2): HR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.71-0.82, P-value for trend = <0.0001). Larger hip circumference was not associated with a higher HNC risk. Greater height (per 5 cm) was associated with higher risk of HNC in never and former smokers, but not in current smokers.
CONCLUSIONS
Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio were associated positively with HNC risk regardless of smoking status, whereas a positive association with BMI was only found in never smokers.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anthropometry; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Cohort Studies; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Smoking; Waist Circumference; Waist-Hip Ratio; Young Adult
PubMed: 26050257
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv059 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022
Topics: Anthropometry; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Waist Circumference
PubMed: 36004337
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.951571 -
American Journal of Physical... Apr 2015The patterns of association between maternal or paternal and neonatal phenotype may offer insight into how neonatal characteristics are shaped by evolutionary processes,...
The patterns of association between maternal or paternal and neonatal phenotype may offer insight into how neonatal characteristics are shaped by evolutionary processes, such as conflicting parental interests in fetal investment and obstetric constraints. Paternal interests are theoretically served by maximizing fetal growth, and maternal interests by managing investment in current and future offspring, but whether paternal and maternal influences act on different components of overall size is unknown. We tested whether parents' prepregnancy height and body mass index (BMI) were related to neonatal anthropometry (birthweight, head circumference, absolute and proportional limb segment and trunk lengths, subcutaneous fat) among 1,041 Australian neonates using stepwise linear regression. Maternal and paternal height and maternal BMI were associated with birthweight. Paternal height related to offspring forearm and lower leg lengths, maternal height and BMI to neonatal head circumference, and maternal BMI to offspring adiposity. Principal components analysis identified three components of variability reflecting neonatal "head and trunk skeletal size," "adiposity," and "limb lengths." Regression analyses of the component scores supported the associations of head and trunk size or adiposity with maternal anthropometry, and limb lengths with paternal anthropometry. Our results suggest that while neonatal fatness reflects environmental conditions (maternal physiology), head circumference and limb and trunk lengths show differing associations with parental anthropometry. These patterns may reflect genetics, parental imprinting and environmental influences in a manner consistent with parental conflicts of interest. Paternal height may relate to neonatal limb length as a means of increasing fetal growth without exacerbating the risk of obstetric complications.
Topics: Adiposity; Adult; Anthropometry; Australia; Birth Weight; Body Height; Body Size; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Parents; Principal Component Analysis; Young Adult
PubMed: 25502164
DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22680