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DXA reference values and anthropometric screening for visceral obesity in Western Australian adults.Scientific Reports Oct 2020Limited reference values exist for visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass measured by DXA. The objectives of this study were to provide reference values for DXA-derived VAT...
Limited reference values exist for visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass measured by DXA. The objectives of this study were to provide reference values for DXA-derived VAT mass and compare the association with anthropometry measures. The study cohort comprised 677 men and 738 women aged 18-65 years from Western Australia. Whole-body scans using a GE Lunar iDXA and anthropometry measures were collected. Reference percentile data were stratified by sex and age. Correlation analysis compared DXA-derived and anthropometry variables. Specificity, sensitivity, and Youden's Index were used to evaluate the ability of anthropometric thresholds to predict individuals with high VAT. In men, waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio, and waist-height ratio (WHtR) had 'high' correlations with VAT mass. In women, only WHtR was 'highly' correlated with VAT mass. Overweight thresholds for WC, along with a body mass index of 25.0 kg/m in women, had the highest combination of sensitivity and specificity when using anthropometry measures to identify individuals with high VAT mass. We provide the first reference data sets for DXA-derived VAT mass among Western Australians. Excessive VAT mass may be identified in men using the overweight WC threshold and in women using both the overweight BMI and WC thresholds.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anthropometry; Australia; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity, Abdominal; Reference Values; Waist Circumference; Waist-Height Ratio; Waist-Hip Ratio; Young Adult
PubMed: 33127940
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73631-x -
Journal of Obesity 2013Research shows obesity to be more prevalent amongst individuals with intellectual disability (ID) making correct measurement of body composition crucial. This study... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Research shows obesity to be more prevalent amongst individuals with intellectual disability (ID) making correct measurement of body composition crucial. This study reviewed the validity and reliability of methods used for assessing body composition in individuals with ID.
METHODS
Authors conducted electronic searches through PubMed (1990 to present) and PsycINFO (1990 to present) and assessed relevant articles independently based on scoping review guidelines. Reviewers included primary research related to the validity and reliability of body composition measures on individuals with ID.
RESULTS
Searches identified six articles assessing body composition methods used on individuals with ID including body mass index (BMI), skinfold thickness, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), waist circumference, tibia length, and anthropometric girth measurements. BMI and waist circumference appear suitable measures but skinfold thickness measurements may not be advisable due to participants' noncompliance resulting in a lack of precision and inaccurate results.
CONCLUSIONS
The current literature contains too few well-conducted studies to determine the precision and validity of body composition measures on individuals with ID. There may be a need to devise further regression equations that apply to individuals with specific types of ID in order to increase the reliability and validity of body composition measurements.
Topics: Anthropometry; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Disabled Persons; Electric Impedance; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Obesity; Predictive Value of Tests; Reproducibility of Results; Skinfold Thickness; Waist Circumference
PubMed: 23762539
DOI: 10.1155/2013/628428 -
Journal of American College Health : J... 2017We investigated predictors of weight gain in college freshmen.
OBJECTIVE
We investigated predictors of weight gain in college freshmen.
PARTICIPANTS
A longitudinal cohort study followed a representative sample of freshmen (N = 264) from 8/2011 to 6/2012.
METHODS
Repeated measurements of anthropometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), physical activity, and diet were collected. We investigated predictors of 9-month weight gain using regression models.
RESULTS
172 participants completed follow-up: 75% gained >0.5 kg. Mean weight change was +2.3 kg (SD 3.2) and +2.0 kg (SD 3.2) and mean adiposity change was +1.3% (SD 1.6) and +0.7% (SD 2.2) in men and women, respectively. In participants gaining >0.5 kg, weight increased 5.6% and body fat increased 1.6%. Anthropometric change in men occurred in the first semester, while women increased in both semesters. Leaner DXA-defined body composition at baseline was consistently associated with greater weight gain (p-values 0.029-0.049).
CONCLUSIONS
Freshman weight gain is common and reflects increased adiposity. Leaner body composition at the beginning of college predicted greater weight gain in men and women during the first year of college.
Topics: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Cohort Studies; Exercise; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Prospective Studies; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires; Time Factors; Universities; Weight Gain; Young Adult
PubMed: 28085641
DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2017.1280498 -
American Journal of Obstetrics and... Jul 2017The effect of maternal mood disorders on neonatal measurements is not well-defined. The Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the...
BACKGROUND
The effect of maternal mood disorders on neonatal measurements is not well-defined. The Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the relationship between perceived maternal stress and neonatal growth measurements.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to determine whether perceived maternal stress during pregnancy is associated with anthropometric measurements in the neonate.
STUDY DESIGN
This analysis was based on a prospective, multicenter longitudinal study of fetal growth. Women 18-40 years old with a body mass index of 19.0-29.9 kg/m were screened at 8+0 to 13+6 weeks gestation for low-risk status associated with optimal fetal growth (eg, healthy, nonsmoking) and underwent serial sonographic examination at 6 study visits throughout gestation. At each study visit, women completed the Cohen's Perceived Stress Survey, which could have a score that ranges from 0-40. We used a latent class trajectory model to identify distinct groupings (ie, classes) of the Perceived Stress Survey trajectories over pregnancy. Trend analysis was used to determine whether neonatal measurements including birthweight, length, head circumference, and abdominal circumference differed by Perceived Stress Survey class and whether this relationship was modified by maternal race/ethnicity, after adjustment for gestational age at delivery, maternal height, age, and parity.
RESULTS
Of the 2334 women enrolled in the study, 1948 women had complete neonatal anthropometry and were included in the analysis. Latent class analysis identified 3 Perceived Stress Survey trajectory classes, with mean Perceived Stress Survey scores of 2.82 (low), 7.95 (medium), and 14.80 (high). Neonatal anthropometric measures of birthweight, length, head circumference and abdominal circumference were similar (P=.78, =.10, =.18, and =.40 respectively), regardless of the participants' Perceived Stress Survey class. There was no effect modification by maternal race/ethnicity.
CONCLUSION
Neonatal measurements did not differ by levels of perceived stress among low-risk pregnant women.
Topics: Abdomen; Adult; Anthropometry; Birth Weight; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Cephalometry; Female; Fetal Development; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Longitudinal Studies; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U.S.); Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prospective Studies; Stress, Psychological; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; United States
PubMed: 28263750
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.02.039 -
Chang Gung Medical Journal 2011Metabolic syndrome (MetS), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancers such as colon cancer (CCa), prostate cancer (PCa) and breast cancer (BCa) have been recognized as... (Review)
Review
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancers such as colon cancer (CCa), prostate cancer (PCa) and breast cancer (BCa) have been recognized as obesity-initiated diseases. The development of obesity can cause changes in metabolic and hormonal conditions, which can result in the storage of excess energy in different forms in the human body. Existing anthropometric data are useful in the prognosis of these diseases. Although frequently studied, there is disagreement on the applicability, reliability and trends of weight, height, waist circumference (WC) and relevant indices. WC is generally accepted as a key marker in CVD and CCa risk assessment whereas more evidence of the usefulness of WC-CVD, WC-PCa and WC-BCa correlations is needed. The body mass index, which has been widely used as a determinant of obesity, has a strong connection with CCa risk in men and young women, but an inconsistent connection with BCa. Cross-referencing measurements, with indices such as the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), enhances the association with diseases, e.g. WHtR-CVD and WHR-CCa, and connections are strong. This idea is further applied to multiple referencing. For example, the WHtR/WHR has been studied and found highly correlated with the MetS risk in Asia. In addition, latent issues (such as tools or techniques for surface anthropometric measurement), which could affect the prognosis of diseases, have been discussed. To this end, three-dimensional technology is suggested as a reliable tool for various anthropometric data collection and analysis in preventive medicine.
Topics: Anthropometry; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Metabolic Diseases; Neoplasms; Obesity; Waist Circumference; Waist-Hip Ratio
PubMed: 21392470
DOI: No ID Found -
Scientific Reports May 2021Obesity, especially abdominal obesity, is correlated to increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is urgent to search a simply method to predict... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Obesity, especially abdominal obesity, is correlated to increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is urgent to search a simply method to predict visceral fat area (VFA). Herein, we evaluated the correlation of waist circumference (WC) measured by anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and VFA estimated by BIA or measured by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in China. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 25.09 ± 3.31 kg/m and the mean age was 49.16 ± 9.19 years in 2754 subjects. VFA-BIA were significantly smaller than VFA-QCT in both BMI and age subgroups between male and female (p < 0.001). High correlation was observed for WC between BIA and manually (r = 0.874 for all, r = 0.865 for male and r = 0.806 for female) and for VFA between BIA and QCT (r = 0.512 for all). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) showed the perfect agreement between BIA and manually to measure WC (ICC = 0.832 for all, 0.845 for male and 0.697 for female) and implied a good reliability for VFA between BIA and QCT with women among subgroups (ICC = 0.623 for all, ICC = 0.634 for age < 50 years and ICC = 0.432 for BMI > 24 kg/m), whereas the good reliability was lost in men (ICC = 0.174). The kappa analysis showed a moderate consistency for VFA measured by BIA and QCT (Kappa = 0.522 with age < 50 years, 0.565 with age ≥ 50 years in male; Kappa = 0.472 with age < 50 years, 0.486 with age ≥ 50 years in female). In addition, BIA to estimate VFA (r = 0.758 in male, r = 0.727 in female, P < 0.001) has a stronger correlation with VFA measured by QCT than BMI and WC according to gender categories. Furthermore, ROC analysis showed the cut-off point of VFA measured by BIA for predicting visceral obesity was: 101.90 cm, 119.96 cm and 118.83 cm and the Youden's index was 0.577, 0.577 and 0.651, respectively and the Kappa value was 0.532, 0.536 and 0.611 in unadjusted model, model 1 and model 2. In conclusion, being non-invasive and free of radiation, BIA can be used as a safe and convenient tool to estimate VFA in female; especially for monitoring the VFA of the same person, the BIA has superiority to a certain extent. However, the consistency is not most ideal between BIA and QCT. When using BIA to assess whether a person is visceral obesity, we must take into consideration age, BMI and WC. Therefore, we established a regression formula to reflect VFA-QCT by VFA-BIA, age, BMI, and WC. In addition, a more accurate formula is needed to match the CT data in China.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anthropometry; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; China; Electric Impedance; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Waist Circumference; Young Adult
PubMed: 34040142
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90641-5 -
Clinical Medicine (London, England) Oct 2010
Topics: Anthropometry; Body Mass Index; Humans
PubMed: 21117402
DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.10-5-527 -
PloS One 2018Expressing anthropometric parameters (height, weight, BMI) as z-score is a key principle in the clinical assessment of children and adolescents. The Centre for Disease...
BACKGROUND
Expressing anthropometric parameters (height, weight, BMI) as z-score is a key principle in the clinical assessment of children and adolescents. The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts and the CDC-LMS method for z-score calculation are widely used to assess growth and nutritional status, though they can be imprecise in some percentiles.
OBJECTIVE
To improve the accuracy of z-score calculation by revising the statistical method using the original data used to develop current z-score calculators.
DESIGN
A Gaussian Process Regressions (GPR) was designed and internally validated. Z-scores for weight-for-age (WFA), height-for-age (HFA) and BMI-for-age (BMIFA) were compared with WHO and CDC-LMS methods in 1) standard z-score cut-off points, 2) simulated population of 3000 children and 3) real observations 212 children aged 2 to 18 yo.
RESULTS
GPR yielded more accurate calculation of z-scores for standard cut-off points (p<<0.001) with respect to CDC-LMS and WHO approaches. WFA, HFA and BMIFA z-score calculations based on the 3 different methods using simulated and real patients, showed a large variation irrespective of gender and age. Z-scores around 0 +/- 1 showed larger variation than the values above and below +/- 2.
CONCLUSION
The revised z-score calculation method was more accurate than CDC-LMS and WHO methods for standard cut-off points. On simulated and real data, GPR based calculation provides more accurate z-score determinations, and thus, a better classification of patients below and above cut-off points. Statisticians and clinicians should consider the potential benefits of updating their calculation method for an accurate z-score determination.
Topics: Anthropometry; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Nutritional Status; Regression Analysis
PubMed: 30571681
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208362 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2021Previous canoe sprint studies evaluated the best paddlers of their categories. This investigation aimed to identify the importance of biological maturation and athletes'...
Previous canoe sprint studies evaluated the best paddlers of their categories. This investigation aimed to identify the importance of biological maturation and athletes' experience in kayaking performance and observe possible differences regarding anthropometry, years of practice, and performance. Eighty under 14 years of age (U14) and fifty under 16 years of age (U16) kayakers aged 13.40 ± 0.54 and 15.25 ± 0.61 years were evaluated. Kayakers were assessed for anthropometry (body mass (kg); stretch stature (cm); and sitting height (cm)), performance (time at 3000 m for U14 and 5000 m for U16 kayakers), and somatic maturation (predicted adult height (PAH) and maturity offset). In the U14 kayakers, years of practice, sitting height, and maturity offset showed significant differences ( < 0.05) between the Top10 and Middle, and Middle and Bottom10 performance times. Significantly higher ( < 0.05) sitting heights were identified between the Top10 and Middle U16 kayakers. Significant differences ( < 0.05) were observed for maturity offset and PAH% between the Top10 and Middle groups compared to the Bottom10 group. In conclusion, this research shows differences in the maturity status of young U14 and U16 kayakers, identifying that the more biologically mature individuals, with more years of specific practice, achieved better performances.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anthropometry; Athletes; Body Height; Child; Humans; Ships; Water Sports
PubMed: 34444072
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168322 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Apr 2022Visualizations of the emerging obesity epidemic, such as with serial US color prevalence maps, provide graphic images that extend informative public health messages...
BACKGROUND
Visualizations of the emerging obesity epidemic, such as with serial US color prevalence maps, provide graphic images that extend informative public health messages beyond those in written communications. Advances in low-cost 3D optical technology now allow for development of large image databases that include participants varying in race/ethnicity, body mass, height, age, and circumferences. When combined with contemporary statistical methods, these data sets can be used to create humanoid avatar images with prespecified anthropometric features.
OBJECTIVES
The current study aimed to develop a humanoid avatar series with characteristics of representative US adults extending over the past 6 decades.
METHODS
3D optical scans were conducted on a demographically diverse sample of 570 healthy adults. Image data were converted to principal components and manifold regression equations were then developed with body mass, height, age, and waist circumference as covariates. Humanoid avatars were generated for representative adults with these 4 characteristics as reported in CDC surveys beginning in 1960-1962 up to 2015-2018.
RESULTS
There was a curvilinear increase in adult US population body mass, waist circumference, and BMI in males and females across the 9 surveys spanning 6 decades. A small increase in average adult population age was present between 1960 and 2018; height changes were inconsistent. A series of 4 avatars developed at ∼20-y intervals for representative males and females reveal the changes in body size and shape consistent with the emergence of the obesity epidemic. An additional series of developed avatars portray the shapes and sizes of males and females at key BMI cutoffs.
CONCLUSIONS
New mathematical approaches and accessible 3D optical technology combined with increasingly available large and diverse data sets across the life span now make unique visualization of body size and shape possible on a previously unattainable scale. This study is registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03637855 as NCT03637855.
Topics: Adult; Anthropometry; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Female; Humans; Male; Obesity; Prevalence; Waist Circumference
PubMed: 35030235
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac005