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Dermatology Online Journal Jul 2021Reactive arthritis is an extremely rare spondyloarthritis that affects the peripheral joints and spine, resulting in common symptoms such as arthritis, urethritis,...
Reactive arthritis is an extremely rare spondyloarthritis that affects the peripheral joints and spine, resulting in common symptoms such as arthritis, urethritis, conjunctivitis, and mucocutaneous lesions. On rare occasions, oral lesions such as circinate erosions on the hard and soft palate, gums, tongue, and cheeks may occur. Reactive arthritis may develop during or after genitourinary or gastrointestinal bacterial infections such as Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia, and Chlamydia. A 36-year-old man presented with circinate balanitis, urethral discharge, oligoarthralgia, conjunctivitis, lymphadenopathy, pharyngitis, and erythematous lesions on the palate. Culture examination showed presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and antibiotic treatment resulted in improvement of conjunctivitis and the lesions on the penis. However, severe oligoarthralgia, palatal erosions that increased in severity and size, and depilated areas on the tongue were observed. The definitive diagnosis was reactive arthritis. The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections is increasing, highlighting the need to increase awareness of associated risks such as reactive arthritis. Moreover, consideration of non-specific oral manifestations in a systemic context may aid in effective diagnosis and treatment, suggesting the need for multidisciplinary teams.
Topics: Adult; Arthritis; Arthritis, Reactive; Balanitis; Conjunctivitis, Bacterial; Gonorrhea; Humans; Male; Mouth Diseases; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Pharyngitis; Sacroiliac Joint; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial; Shoulder Pain; Unsafe Sex; Urethral Diseases
PubMed: 34391335
DOI: 10.5070/D327754373 -
European Journal of Rheumatology Dec 2018
PubMed: 30071931
DOI: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2018.17153 -
Dermatology Reports Jun 2022Syphilitic balanitis of Follmann (FB) is a rarely described manifestation of primary syphilis that was first reported in 1948. Its clinical appearance may be...
Syphilitic balanitis of Follmann (FB) is a rarely described manifestation of primary syphilis that was first reported in 1948. Its clinical appearance may be heterogeneous varying from painful edematous balanoposthitis to superficial erosive balanitis and asymptomatic glans induration. We described a patient presenting with FB, as manifestation of primary syphilis, and concurrent anetoderma, as manifestation of secondary syphilis. The association of these lesions was never described to date.
PubMed: 35795840
DOI: 10.4081/dr.2021.9271 -
Genitourinary Medicine Jun 1996To give an overview of the literature on balanitis, with a special emphasis on infective causes. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To give an overview of the literature on balanitis, with a special emphasis on infective causes.
METHOD
A data search was performed using the OVID CD plus Medline 1967-1995, using balanitis and balanoposthitis as textword search strategy. Specific subjects such as anaerobic infection, Zoon's balanitis were sought separately and subgroups combined. Original articles and abstracts were referenced to illustrate each condition. These were mainly English language articles, but included appropriate non-English language papers.
CONCLUSIONS
Balanitis is a common condition among genitourinary medicine clinic attendees, the cause often remaining undiagnosed. Many cases are caused by infection, with candida being the most frequently diagnosed. However, gardnerella and anaerobic infections are common, and there are a wide variety of other rarer infective causes. In addition irritant balanitis is probably a contributing factor in many cases. Balanitis which persists and in which the cause remains unclear warrants biopsy.
Topics: Bacterial Infections; Balanitis; Humans; Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus; Male; Mycoses; Protozoan Infections; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 8707315
DOI: 10.1136/sti.72.3.155 -
Dermatology Practical & Conceptual 2020
PubMed: 31921499
DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1001a12 -
International Journal of Preventive... 2017Penile inflammatory skin conditions such as balanitis and posthitis are common, especially in uncircumcised males, and feature prominently in medical consultations. We... (Review)
Review
Penile inflammatory skin conditions such as balanitis and posthitis are common, especially in uncircumcised males, and feature prominently in medical consultations. We conducted a systematic review of the medical literature on PubMed, EMBASE, and Cohrane databases using keywords "balanitis," "posthitis," "balanoposthitis," "lichen sclerosus," "penile inflammation," and "inflammation penis," along with "circumcision," "circumcised," and "uncircumcised." Balanitis is the most common inflammatory disease of the penis. The accumulation of yeasts and other microorganisms under the foreskin contributes to inflammation of the surrounding penile tissue. The clinical presentation of inflammatory penile conditions includes itching, tenderness, and pain. Penile inflammation is responsible for significant morbidity, including acquired phimosis, balanoposthitis, and lichen sclerosus. Medical treatment can be challenging and a cost burden to the health system. Reducing prevalence is therefore important. While topical antifungal creams can be used, usually accompanied by advice on hygiene, the definitive treatment is circumcision. Data from meta-analyses showed that circumcised males have a 68% lower prevalence of balanitis than uncircumcised males and that balanitis is accompanied by a 3.8-fold increase in risk of penile cancer. Because of the high prevalence and morbidity of penile inflammation, especially in immunocompromised and diabetic patients, circumcision should be more widely adopted globally and is best performed early in infancy.
PubMed: 28567234
DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_377_16 -
Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted... 2016The diagnosis and management of nonvenereal diseases are always a tough challenge for the dermatologist due to lack of studies on its diagnostic criteria and standard... (Review)
Review
The diagnosis and management of nonvenereal diseases are always a tough challenge for the dermatologist due to lack of studies on its diagnostic criteria and standard treatment guidelines. Zoon balanitis (ZB) is one of the benign nonvenereal dermatoses, which presents as a solitary, persistent erythematous plaque usually on the glans penis primarily in the uncircumcised, middle-aged to old-aged men. Although it was described by Zoon in 1952, its etiopathogenesis still remains hypothetical. This article provides an overview of the epidemiology, clinical presentation, histopathological features, and diagnostic criteria and diagnostic methods of ZB. In addition to this, it is rather very important to differentiate this lesion from its clinical equivocal lesions such as erythroplasia of Queyrat, infective and other inflammatory penile dermatoses, which has been discussed in this review. The treatment modalities have also been reviewed in details, and the importance of circumcision as the treatment of choice has been emphasized.
PubMed: 27890945
DOI: 10.4103/0253-7184.192128 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Jan 2017
Topics: Adult; Balanitis; Humans; Male; Penis
PubMed: 28076706
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm1603913 -
Central European Journal of Urology 2018Buried penis is a condition that causes the penis to become hidden beneath the skin. It has a significant impact on quality of life and can present in a variety of ways,... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Buried penis is a condition that causes the penis to become hidden beneath the skin. It has a significant impact on quality of life and can present in a variety of ways, with lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction being common. Whilst there are several causes, obesity is the most common in adults. Due to the burden that obesity is increasingly presenting to healthcare, buried penis may become more common in the future.The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the causes, presentation and surgical management of this condition in adults.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
A literature review was conducted using urological and plastic surgery articles from PubMed, Embase and Medline. Eighteen studies, published between 1982 and 2016, were included.
RESULTS
Original research trials discussed the treatment of buried penis in lymphoedema and balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO), new techniques for fat removal, comparison of grafts and postoperative dressings. Several studies provided broad overviews, although focused on management rather than cause and presentation. Overall, studies suggest that, whilst some causes can only be treated with surgery, others can be modified by lifestyle changes and medical management.
CONCLUSIONS
Buried penis is a complex condition that may take years to treat. Several surgical techniques are available, with patients likely requiring a combination of techniques to treat this problem. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the causes, presentation and surgical management of this condition, in order to further the understanding of clinicians who may be faced with this problem more commonly in the future.
PubMed: 30386659
DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2018.1676