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Journal of Anatomy Aug 2003Fatigue-induced microdamage in bone contributes to stress and fragility fractures and acts as a stimulus for bone remodelling. Detecting such microdamage is difficult as... (Review)
Review
Fatigue-induced microdamage in bone contributes to stress and fragility fractures and acts as a stimulus for bone remodelling. Detecting such microdamage is difficult as pre-existing microdamage sustained in vivo must be differentiated from artefactual damage incurred during specimen preparation. This was addressed by bulk staining specimens in alcohol-soluble basic fuchsin dye, but cutting and grinding them in an aqueous medium. Nonetheless, some artefactual cracks are partially stained and careful observation under transmitted light, or epifluorescence microscopy, is required. Fuchsin lodges in cracks, but is not site-specific. Cracks are discontinuities in the calcium-rich bone matrix and chelating agents, which bind calcium, can selectively label them. Oxytetracycline, alizarin complexone, calcein, calcein blue and xylenol orange all selectively bind microcracks and, as they fluoresce at different wavelengths and colours, can be used in sequence to label microcrack growth. New agents that only fluoresce when involved in a chelate are currently being developed--fluorescent photoinduced electron transfer (PET) sensors. Such agents enable microdamage to be quantified and crack growth to be measured and are useful histological tools in providing data for modelling the material behaviour of bone. However, a non-invasive method is needed to measure microdamage in patients. Micro-CT is being studied and initial work with iodine dyes linked to a chelating group has shown some promise. In the long term, it is hoped that repeated measurements can be made at critical sites and microdamage accumulation monitored. Quantification of microdamage, together with bone mass measurements, will help in predicting and preventing bone fracture failure in patients with osteoporosis.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bone and Bones; Chelating Agents; Contrast Media; Fluorescent Dyes; Fractures, Stress; Humans; Microscopy, Confocal; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Osteoporosis; Rosaniline Dyes; Tetracyclines; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 12924817
DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-7580.2003.00211.x -
Scientific Reports Apr 2023Most dye stuffs and coloring materials are mainly categorized as hazardous pollutants in water effluents due to their nature as non-biodegradable, highly toxic and...
Most dye stuffs and coloring materials are mainly categorized as hazardous pollutants in water effluents due to their nature as non-biodegradable, highly toxic and extremely carcinogenic. For this reason, rapid and efficient eradication of waste dyes from wastewaters before discharging into water streams must be accomplished by an acceptable approach as adsorption technique. Therefore, the present study is aimed and devoted to synthesize a novel nanobiosorbent from three different constituents, gelatin (Gel) as a sustainable natural product, graphene oxide (GO) as an example of highly stable carbonaceous material and zirconium silicate (ZrSiO) as an example of combined metal oxides for the formation of Gel@GO-F-ZrSiO@Gel by using formaldehyde (F) as a cross-linkage reagent. Several characterization techniques as FT-IR were employed to identify the incorporated surface reactive Functionalities in Gel@GO-F-ZrSiO@Gel as -OH, =NH, -NH, -COOH and C=O, etc. The morphology for particle shape and size of Gel@GO-F-ZrSiO@Gel were confirmed from the SEM and TEM analyses providing 15.75- 32.79 nm. The surface area was determined by the BET and found to correspond to 219.46 m g. Biosorptive removal of basic fuchsin (BF) pollutant as an example of a widely applicable dye in various activities was monitored and optimized under the influence of pH (2-10), reaction time (1-30 min), initial BF pollutant concentration (5-100 mg L), nanobiosorbent dosage (5-60 mg), temperature (30-60 °C) and interfering ions. The maximum biosorptive removal values of BF dye were established as 96.0 and 95.2% using 5 and 10 mg L, respectively at the recommended pH 7 condition. The Thermodynamic parameters demonstrated that the BF dye adsorption onto Gel@GO-F-ZrSiO@Gel was taken place via spontaneous and endothermic reaction. Chemisorption is the predominant adsorption mechanism by forming multilayers upon nonhomogeneous surface in accordance with Freundlich model hypothesis. The applicability of the optimized Gel@GO-F-ZrSiO@Gel in biosorptive removal of BF pollutant from real water sample was successfully accomplished by the batch technique. Thus, this study clearly shows that Gel@GO-F-ZrSiO@Gel exhibited significant influences on remediation of industrial effluents containing BF pollutant with superior efficiency.
PubMed: 37005421
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31584-x -
RSC Advances Dec 2018In this study, a novel triptycene-based porous polymer grafted with sulfonic acid (TPP-SOH) was successfully synthesized by the post-synthetic modification of the...
In this study, a novel triptycene-based porous polymer grafted with sulfonic acid (TPP-SOH) was successfully synthesized by the post-synthetic modification of the non-functionalized polymer TPP. The polymer TPP-SOH was well-characterized and was found to be a fast and effective absorbent for the cationic dyes methylene blue (MEB), basic fuchsin (BF), and malachite green (MG), with over 95% removal being observed within 10 min from initial concentrations of 100 mg L, 100 mg L, and 300 mg L, respectively. The adsorption process for MEB, BF, and MG was pH-dependent. The adsorption behaviours for MEB, BF, and MG follow pseudo-second-order kinetics and fit the Langmuir model. Moreover, the maximum adsorption capacities of MEB, BF, and MG at room temperature were 981.8 mg g, 586.2 mg g, and 1942.5 mg g, respectively. It is worth noting that the values of the MEB, BF, and MG adsorption capacities on TPP-SOH were 5.5, 3, and 1.8 times that of the non-functionalized polymer TPP based on the same adsorbent weight. It is suggested that (i) there are strong electrostatic attractions between the sulfonic groups of the TPP-SOH and cationic dyes and (ii) the higher surface area and good porosity may contribute to the high dye adsorption capacity. Furthermore, TPP-SOH exhibited good cyclic stability, which can be regenerated at least five times without a significant loss of adsorption capacity. Therefore, the facile strategy synthesis, as well as the excellent adsorption capacity and reusability, make polymer TPP-SOH an attractive adsorbent for wastewater treatment.
PubMed: 35558790
DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09012b -
Annals of Parasitology 2018The present study describes the gross, histopathologic lesions of the heart arising in pigs infected with acute African Swine Fever (ASF) and their biochemical profile....
The present study describes the gross, histopathologic lesions of the heart arising in pigs infected with acute African Swine Fever (ASF) and their biochemical profile. Ten pigs were infected by intramuscular injection of ASF virus (Georgia 2007). Selected heart samples were submitted for histopathological examination and Hematoxylin-Basic Fuchsin-Picric Acid (HBFP) staining. Enzymatic abnormalities were evaluated by measurement of main cardiac markers, whose activity increased during the early stage of infection, with histopathological changes occurring later. Minor myocardial haemorrhages were first observed at four days post infection (dpi), and were noted in all pigs by six dpi. Early vascular response to infection was manifested as increased capillary permeability leading to diapedesis and the retention of blood cells in myocardial tissue. The terminal stage of the disease was characterised by massive haemorrhages caused by the rupture of large vessels. Substantial ischemic areas were detected by HBFP staining at the terminal stages of ASF.
Topics: African Swine Fever; African Swine Fever Virus; Animals; Hemorrhage; Myocardium; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 30316223
DOI: 10.17420/ap6403.161 -
Journal of Geriatric Cardiology : JGC Jun 2021Coronary microembolization (CME) is a complicated problem that commonly arises in the context of coronary angioplasty. MicroRNAs play crucial roles in cardiovascular...
BACKGROUND
Coronary microembolization (CME) is a complicated problem that commonly arises in the context of coronary angioplasty. MicroRNAs play crucial roles in cardiovascular diseases. However, the role and mechanism of miR-181a-5p in CME-induced myocardial injury remains unclear.
METHODS
We established CME rat models. Cardiac function was detected by echocardiography. Haematoxylin-basic fuchsin-picric acid staining was used to measure micro-infarction size. Serum samples and cell culture supernatants were evaluated via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cellular reactive oxygen species were determined by dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate assay, and the other oxidative stress related parameters were assayed by spectrophotometry. The dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) assay and RNA pulldown were conducted to validate the association between miR-181a-5p and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). The expression of miR-181a-5p and XIAP mRNA were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Proteins were evaluated via immunoblotting. The viability of the cell was evaluated via cell counting kit-8 assay.
RESULTS
The miR-181a-5p level was significantly increased in CME myocardial tissues. Downregulation of miR-181a-5p improved CME-induced cardiac dysfunction and alleviated myocardial oxidative stress and inflammatory injury, whereas miR-181a-5p exhibited the opposite effects. Then, the DLR assay and RNA pulldown results revealed that miR-181a-5p directly targeting on XIAP. The XIAP level was found to be remarkably decreased after CME. XIAP overexpression attenuated CME-induced myocardial oxidative stress and inflammatory injury. Finally, rescue experiments revealed that knockdown of XIAP could abolish the protective effects of miR-181a-5p knockdown on hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte oxidative stress and inflammatory injury.
CONCLUSIONS
Downregulation of miR-181a-5p alleviates CME-induced myocardial damage by suppressing myocardial oxidative stress and inflammation through directly targeting XIAP.
PubMed: 34220972
DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2021.06.007 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2022Reconstructing the development of sporangia in seed-free vascular plants provides crucial information about key processes enabling the production of spores that are...
Reconstructing the development of sporangia in seed-free vascular plants provides crucial information about key processes enabling the production of spores that are important in the life cycle of these plants. By applying fluorescence imaging in intact tissues using dyes and confocal microscopy, this study aimed to reconstruct the key steps during the development of sporangia. Special emphasis was taken on the cell wall structures of tapetum and spore mother cells that have been challenged by microscopical documentation in the past. After staining the cell wall and cytoplasm using calcofluor white and basic fuchsin, the sporangium development of was observed using confocal microscopy. The clear cell lineages from the sporangial initial cell to stalk, epidermis, inner tapetum, outer tapetum, and sporogenous cells were revealed by confocal imaging. The sporangium development improved in this work will be useful for a general understanding of fern spore formation.
PubMed: 35574127
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.878693 -
The Korean Journal of Physiology &... Mar 2021Coronary microembolization (CME) is associated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction. Puerarin confers protection against multiple cardiovascular...
Coronary microembolization (CME) is associated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction. Puerarin confers protection against multiple cardiovascular diseases, but its effects and specific mechanisms on CME are not fully known. Hence, our study investigated whether puerarin pretreatment could alleviate cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improve cardiac function following CME. The molecular mechanism associated was also explored. A total of 48 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into CME, CME + Puerarin (CME + Pue), sham, and sham + Puerarin (sham + Pue) groups (with 12 rats per group). A CME model was established in CME and CME + Pue groups by injecting 42 μm microspheres into the left ventricle of rats. Rats in the CME + Pue and sham + Pue groups were intraperitoneally injected with puerarin at 120 mg/kg daily for 7 days before operation. Cardiac function, myocardial histopathology, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis index were determined cardiac ultrasound, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and hematoxylin-basic fuchsin-picric acid (HBFP) stainings, and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, respectively. Western blotting was used to measure protein expression related to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) pathway. We found that, puerarin significantly ameliorated cardiac dysfunction after CME, attenuated myocardial infarct size, and reduced myocardial apoptotic index. Besides, puerarin inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis, as revealed by decreased Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and up-regulated Bcl-2 and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway related proteins. Collectively, puerarin can inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis and thus attenuate myocardial injury caused by CME. Mechanistically, these effects may be achieved through activation of the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway.
PubMed: 33602885
DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.2.147 -
Journal of Oral Biology and... 2022The aim of this study was to compare the microleakage of three types of light cure orthodontic band cement (Resilience, Band-it and Transbond Plus) and to compare low...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to compare the microleakage of three types of light cure orthodontic band cement (Resilience, Band-it and Transbond Plus) and to compare low and high curing light intensities at the enamel-cement and band-cement interfaces in the gingival and occlusal margins.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sixty extracted human premolars were divided into six groups (n = 10 specimens) according to the type of cement used and intensity of light cure. Microetched bands of upper premolars cemented to the teeth by Transbond Plus (3 M Unitek), Resilience (Orthotechnology) and Band-it (db Orthodontics). Three groups were cured by a standard mode light cure (over 900 mw/cm) for 20 s, and the other three groups were cured with an extra mode light cure (over 2700 mw/cm) for 6 s. The teeth were sealed by nail varnish and immersed for 24 h in 0.5% basic fuchsin solution. After that, the teeth were sectioned in the buccoligual direction, observed under a stereomicroscope, and then recorded for microleakage at the enamel-cement and band-cement interfaces in the gingival and occlusal margins. The statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, and the level of significance was set at P < 0.05.
RESULT
The microleakage scores showed no significant differences at the enamel-cement and band-cement interfaces among the three types of orthodontic band cement subjected to low- and high-intensity curing light.
CONCLUSIONS
The type of cement and intensity of light cure did not affect the amount of microleakage at either interface.
PubMed: 35514676
DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.04.004 -
Journal of Experimental Botany Jul 2015Lignin is a complex polyphenolic heteropolymer that is abundant in the secondary cell walls of plants and functions in growth and defence. It is also a major barrier to...
Lignin is a complex polyphenolic heteropolymer that is abundant in the secondary cell walls of plants and functions in growth and defence. It is also a major barrier to the deconstruction of plant biomass for bioenergy production, but the spatiotemporal details of how lignin is deposited in actively lignifying tissues and the precise relationships between wall lignification in different cell types and developmental events, such as flowering, are incompletely understood. Here, the lignin-detecting fluorogenic dye, Basic Fuchsin, was adapted to enable comparative fluorescence-based imaging of lignin in the basal internodes of three Brachypodium distachyon ecotypes that display divergent flowering times. It was found that the extent and intensity of Basic Fuchsin fluorescence increase over time in the Bd21-3 ecotype, that Basic Fuchsin staining is more widespread and intense in 4-week-old Bd21-3 and Adi-10 basal internodes than in Bd1-1 internodes, and that Basic Fuchsin staining reveals subcellular patterns of lignin in vascular and interfascicular fibre cell walls. Basic Fuchsin fluorescence did not correlate with lignin quantification by acetyl bromide analysis, indicating that whole-plant and subcellular lignin analyses provide distinct information about the extent and patterns of lignification in B. distachyon. Finally, it was found that flowering time correlated with a transient increase in total lignin, but did not correlate strongly with the patterning of stem lignification, suggesting that additional developmental pathways might regulate secondary wall formation in grasses. This study provides a new comparative tool for imaging lignin in plants and helps inform our views of how lignification proceeds in grasses.
Topics: Brachypodium; Fluorescent Dyes; Lignin; Subcellular Fractions
PubMed: 25922482
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv158