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The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Jul 1978This review demonstrates that basophils reflect skin and lung mast cell reactivity and show characteristic changes in mediator release associated with clinical disease.... (Review)
Review
This review demonstrates that basophils reflect skin and lung mast cell reactivity and show characteristic changes in mediator release associated with clinical disease. Although the numbers of IgE molecules and IgE receptors on basophils have been enumerated, these have, in most instances, little influence on the release of histamine after challenge. There is, rather, a parameter of "releasability" that may be a major variable in allergic disease states. Basophils contain and release histamine, the eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECFA), a slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), and a kallikrein. The release process is controlled by hormone-basophil receptor interactions that determine the cyclic AMP level; plasma and tissue adenosine levels appear prominent in this control. Histamine feeds back to negatively modulate basophil and mast cell release through a specific histamine 2-receptor; it also inhibits lymphocyte and neutrophil function. Like neutrophils, basophils contain beta-glucuronidase while neutrophils contain SRS-A and a low-molecular-weight ECF. The stimuli for primary basophil and neutrophil release are, however, quite different, although phagocytic stimuli, which fail to cause basophil mediator release, potentiate the IgE response. It is concluded that basophols play a significant in vivo role in inflammation by acting as an interface between foreign antigens, the serum cascade systems, and other inflammatory cells.
Topics: Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Basophils; Glucuronidase; Histamine Release; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Inflammation; Kallikreins
PubMed: 79620
DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12544308 -
Cells Apr 2021Eosinophils are well known to contribute significantly to Th2 immunity, such as allergic inflammations. Although basophils have often not been considered in the... (Review)
Review
Eosinophils are well known to contribute significantly to Th2 immunity, such as allergic inflammations. Although basophils have often not been considered in the pathogenicity of allergic dermatitis and asthma, their role in Th2 immunity has become apparent in recent years. Eosinophils and basophils are present at sites of allergic inflammations. It is therefore reasonable to speculate that these two types of granulocytes interact in vivo. In various experimental allergy models, basophils and eosinophils appear to be closely linked by directly or indirectly influencing each other since they are responsive to similar cytokines and chemokines. Indeed, basophils are shown to be the gatekeepers that are capable of regulating eosinophil entry into inflammatory tissue sites through activation-induced interactions with endothelium. However, the direct evidence that eosinophils and basophils interact is still rarely described. Nevertheless, new findings on the regulation and function of eosinophils and basophils biology reported in the last 25 years have shed some light on their potential interaction. This review will focus on the current knowledge that basophils may regulate the biology of eosinophil in atopic dermatitis and allergic asthma.
Topics: Animals; Basophils; Cell Communication; Chemotaxis; Eosinophils; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Inflammation
PubMed: 33919759
DOI: 10.3390/cells10040895 -
Allergy Apr 2017The monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody, omalizumab, was the first drug approved for use in patients with chronic idiopathic/spontaneous urticaria (CIU/CSU)... (Review)
Review
The monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody, omalizumab, was the first drug approved for use in patients with chronic idiopathic/spontaneous urticaria (CIU/CSU) who remain symptomatic despite H -antihistamine treatment. Omalizumab binds to free IgE, which lowers free IgE levels and causes FcεRI receptors on basophils and mast cells to be downregulated. It has been shown to improve symptoms of CIU/CSU, but its mechanism of action is not currently understood. Potential mechanisms in CIU/CSU include reducing mast cell releasability, reversing basopenia and improving basophil IgE receptor function, reducing activity of IgG autoantibodies against FcεRI and IgE, reducing activity of IgE autoantibodies against an antigen or autoantigen that has yet to be definitively identified, reducing the activity of intrinsically 'abnormal' IgE, and decreasing in vitro coagulation abnormalities associated with disease activity. However, none of these theories alone or in combination fully account for the pattern of symptom improvement seen with omalizumab therapy, and therefore, no one mechanism is likely to be the definitive mechanism of action. Additional research is needed to further clarify the involvement of omalizumab in relieving symptoms associated with the complex, multifactorial pathogenesis of CIU/CSU.
Topics: Agranulocytosis; Animals; Anti-Allergic Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Autoantibodies; Basophils; Chronic Disease; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Immunoglobulin G; Mast Cells; Omalizumab; Receptors, IgE; Treatment Outcome; Urticaria
PubMed: 27861988
DOI: 10.1111/all.13083 -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Jan 2019
Topics: Basophils; Food Hypersensitivity; Galactose; Humans; Immunoglobulin E
PubMed: 30395890
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.10.029 -
Journal of Investigational Allergology... Apr 2018
Topics: Anaphylaxis; Basophil Degranulation Test; Basophils; Drug Hypersensitivity; Etoricoxib; Female; Humans; Middle Aged
PubMed: 29661743
DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0221 -
Immunity Jan 2009The role of basophils, the rarest of blood granulocytes, in host immunity has been a mystery. Long considered the poor relative of mast cells, basophils have received... (Review)
Review
The role of basophils, the rarest of blood granulocytes, in host immunity has been a mystery. Long considered the poor relative of mast cells, basophils have received much recent attention because of the availability of new reagents and models that reveal unique properties of these cells. Basophils are known to have distinct roles in allergic hypersensitivity reactions and in the immune response to intestinal helminthes. In this review, we highlight these advances and summarize our current understanding of the repertoire of functions attributed to these cells. Despite these recent insights, we are likely only beginning to gain a full understanding of how and where these cells lend effector functions to vertebrate immunity. Advances are likely to come only with the development of specific reagents that enable the finer study of basophil lineage and function. Although many fundamental aspects of basophil biology remain unanswered, the prospects remain bright for unmasking new contributions by these unusual cells.
Topics: Animals; Basophils; Helminthiasis; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Immunity; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic
PubMed: 19144314
DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2008.12.006 -
Leukemia Apr 2017Basophils form a distinct cell lineage within the hematopoietic cell family. In various myeloid neoplasms, including chronic myeloid leukemia, basophilia is frequently... (Review)
Review
Basophils form a distinct cell lineage within the hematopoietic cell family. In various myeloid neoplasms, including chronic myeloid leukemia, basophilia is frequently seen. Acute and chronic basophilic leukemias, albeit rare, have also been described. However, no generally accepted criteria and classification of basophilic leukemias have been presented to date. To address this unmet need, a series of Working Conferences and other meetings were organized between March 2015 and March 2016. The current article provides a summary of consensus statements from these meetings, together with proposed criteria to delineate acute basophilic leukemia (ABL) from chronic basophilic leukemia (CBL) and primary forms of the disease where no preceding myeloid malignancy is detected, from the more common 'secondary' variants. Moreover, the term hyperbasophilia (HB) is proposed for cases with a persistent peripheral basophil count ⩾1000 per μl of blood. This condition, HB, is highly indicative of the presence of an underlying myeloid neoplasm. Therefore, HB is an important checkpoint in the diagnostic algorithm and requires a detailed hematologic investigation. In these patients, an underlying myeloid malignancy is often found and is then labeled with the appendix -baso, whereas primary cases of ABL or CBL are very rare. The criteria and classification proposed in this article should facilitate the diagnosis and management of patients with unexplained basophilia and basophil neoplasms in routine practice, and in clinical studies.
Topics: Algorithms; Basophils; Biomarkers; Cell Differentiation; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cytogenetics; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Immunophenotyping; Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukocyte Count; Leukocyte Disorders; Phenotype
PubMed: 28090091
DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.15 -
Clinical and Experimental Allergy :... Feb 2019Mechanisms underlying oral immunotherapy (OIT) are unclear and the effects on immune cells at varying maintenance doses are unknown. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Mechanisms underlying oral immunotherapy (OIT) are unclear and the effects on immune cells at varying maintenance doses are unknown.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to determine the immunologic changes caused by peanut OIT in preschool aged children and determine the effect on these immune responses in groups ingesting low or high-dose peanut OIT (300 mg or 3000 mg, respectively) as maintenance therapy.
METHODS
Blood was drawn at several time-points throughout the OIT protocol and PBMCs isolated and cultured with peanut antigens. Secreted cytokines were quantified via multiplex assay, whereas Treg and peanut-responsive CD4 T cells were studied with flow cytometry. Basophil activation assays were also conducted.
RESULTS
Th2-, Th1-, Th9- and Tr1-type cytokines decreased over the course of OIT in groups on high- and low-dose OIT. There were no significant differences detected in cytokine changes between the high- and low-dose groups. The initial increase in both the number of peanut-responsive CD4 T cells and the number of Tregs was transient and no significant differences were found between groups. Basophil activation following peanut stimulation was decreased over the course of OIT and associated with increased peanut-IgG4/IgE ratios. No differences were found between high- and low-dose groups in basophil activation at the time of desensitization or sustained unresponsiveness oral food challenges.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Peanut OIT leads to decreases in pro-allergic cytokines, including IL-5, IL-13, and IL-9 and decreased basophil activation. No differences in T cell or basophil responses were found between subjects on low or high-dose maintenance OIT, which has implications for clinical dosing strategies.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Basophils; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Child, Preschool; Cytokines; Desensitization, Immunologic; Female; Humans; Male; Peanut Hypersensitivity
PubMed: 30126028
DOI: 10.1111/cea.13256 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023
Topics: Humans; Basophils; Immunoglobulin E; Urticaria; Biology
PubMed: 37928516
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1292279 -
Gut Microbes 2013Commensal bacteria that colonize mammalian mucosal surfaces are reported to influence T helper type 2 (TH 2) cytokine-dependent inflammation and susceptibility to... (Review)
Review
Commensal bacteria that colonize mammalian mucosal surfaces are reported to influence T helper type 2 (TH 2) cytokine-dependent inflammation and susceptibility to allergic disease. However, the mechanisms that underlie these observations are only beginning to be understood. We recently utilized studies of murine model systems and atopic patient populations to elucidate a mechanism by which commensal bacteria-derived signals limit serum immunoglobulin E levels, influence basophil development and steady-state circulating basophil populations and regulate basophil-associated TH 2 cell responses and allergic inflammation. In this addendum, we summarize the findings of our recent work and other developments in the field, discuss the broader implications of these findings and generate new hypotheses regarding our understanding of host-commensal relationships. These areas of investigation may be applicable to the development of new preventative or therapeutic approaches to reduce the burden of allergic disease.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Basophils; Disease Models, Animal; Hypersensitivity; Inflammation; Mice; Th2 Cells
PubMed: 23137965
DOI: 10.4161/gmic.22759