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Journal of Affective Disorders Jan 2022Anxiety and depressive symptoms are associated with impaired well-being, higher risk of developing psychoaffective disorders and are risk factors for Alzheimer's disease...
BACKGROUND
Anxiety and depressive symptoms are associated with impaired well-being, higher risk of developing psychoaffective disorders and are risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). To further understand their relevance and the mechanisms underlying their link with AD, our aims were to assess how anxiety and depressive symptoms changed with age and related to AD neuroimaging biomarkers across the adult lifespan, while also exploring sex specificities.
METHODS
210 cognitively normal participants aged 19-86 years (101 men, 109 women) completed assessments of anxiety and depressive symptoms with the STAI-A and MADRS respectively, and neuroimaging measurements including structural MRI, FDG-PET and amyloid-PET. 167 of those were followed-up over 1.5-3 years. Multiple regressions were performed to assess the links between anxiety or depressive symptoms versus age, global cognition or each imaging modality, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally; and general linear models we used to test the interactive effect of sex on these associations.
RESULTS
Depressive symptoms decreased with age, while anxiety symptoms increased only among women. Higher anxiety symptoms were associated with lower grey matter (GM) volume and glucose metabolism, with an interaction of sex, this relationship being significant only in women. Longitudinally, only low baseline GM volume predicted an increase in anxiety symptoms with time.
LIMITATIONS
Only 43% of participants reported depressive symptoms. Despite additional analyses, the low variability in the measure might have prevented us from detecting subtle changes.
CONCLUSIONS
This study emphasizes the need to consider anxiety symptoms in assessments for dementia risk, particularly in women.
Topics: Adult; Alzheimer Disease; Anxiety; Brain; Depression; Female; Humans; Longevity; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neuroimaging; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 34637806
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.004 -
Medecine Sciences : M/S Dec 2019Fluorescence-guided surgery has been developing in clinics for several years. While the use of non-targeted dyes may be useful in certain diseases, specific contrast... (Review)
Review
Fluorescence-guided surgery has been developing in clinics for several years. While the use of non-targeted dyes may be useful in certain diseases, specific contrast agents are essential in oncology. As shown in the latest clinical studies, monoclonal antibodies have all the characteristics to play a major role in this field of medical imaging, provided the antigenic target is relevant.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Contrast Media; Fluorescence; Fluorescent Dyes; Humans; Neoplasms; Optical Imaging; Surgery, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 31903919
DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2019207 -
Comptes Rendus Biologies Jan 2013The 18 penguin species are exclusively and widely distributed in the Southern hemisphere, from the Equator to the Antarctic continent, and are thus submitted to various... (Review)
Review
The 18 penguin species are exclusively and widely distributed in the Southern hemisphere, from the Equator to the Antarctic continent, and are thus submitted to various ecological constraints in their reproductive strategy. This results in a high variability in all aspects of the breeding biology of the different species. Although penguins appear primarily adapted for a marine existence, they remain dependent on land for breeding, rearing young, and moulting. Here we describe and compare the breeding cycle of all the penguin species, highlighting the characteristics of each species in terms of breeding range, population status, threats induced by environmental changes, duration of the different phases of the breeding cycle, mate fidelity, body mass, body height, egg mass and duration of egg formation. We also focus on the breeding cycle of the genus Aptenodytes, since it largely differs from the breeding cycle of most of the other penguin species.
Topics: Animals; Antarctic Regions; Breeding; Climate Change; Courtship; Environment; Female; Geography; Male; Ovum; Reproduction; Seasons; Sex Ratio; Sexual Behavior, Animal; South America; Species Specificity; Spheniscidae
PubMed: 23537764
DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2013.02.002 -
Journal of Geophysical Research. Planets 2018Isolated landscapes largely shaped by aeolian processes can occur on Earth, while the majority of Mars' recent history has been dominated by wind-driven activity....
Isolated landscapes largely shaped by aeolian processes can occur on Earth, while the majority of Mars' recent history has been dominated by wind-driven activity. Resultantly, Martian landscapes often exhibit large-scale aeolian features, including yardang landforms carved from sedimentary-layered deposits. High-resolution orbital monitoring has revealed that persistent bedform activity is occurring with dune and ripple migration implying ongoing abrasion of the surface. However, little is known about the interaction between dunes and the topography surrounding them. Here we explore dune-yardang interactions in Becquerel crater in an effort to better understand local landscape evolution. Dunes there occur on the north and south sides of a 700 m tall sedimentary deposit, which displays numerous superposed yardangs. Dune and yardang orientations are congruent, suggesting that they both were formed under a predominantly northerly wind regime. Migration rates and sediment fluxes decrease as dunes approach the deposit and begin to increase again downwind of the deposit where the effect of topographic sheltering decreases. Estimated sand abrasion rates (16-40 μm yr) would yield a formation time of 1.8-4.5 Myr for the 70 m deep yardangs. This evidence for local aeolian abrasion also helps explain the young exposure ages of deposit surfaces, as estimated by the crater size-frequency distribution. Comparisons to terrestrial dune activity and yardang development begin to place constraints on yardang formation times for both Earth and Mars. These results provide insight into the complexities of sediment transport on uneven terrain and are compelling examples of contemporary aeolian-driven landscape evolution on Mars.
PubMed: 29564199
DOI: 10.1002/2017JE005465 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2022Ruthenium complexes are by far the most studied compounds that catalyze hydrogen transfer reactions. In this review, we describe the use in this field of ruthenium... (Review)
Review
Ruthenium complexes are by far the most studied compounds that catalyze hydrogen transfer reactions. In this review, we describe the use in this field of ruthenium complexes bearing bidentate donor-functionalized -heterocyclic carbene ligands. The review specifically covers the application in transfer hydrogenations of (k-,)-ruthenacyclic compounds where the Y donor atom is a N, P, O, or S atom, and where the -heterocyclic carbene ligand is a classical imidazol-2-ylidene, a benzimidazol-2-ylidene, a mesoionic 1,2,3-triazolylidene, or an imidazol-4-ylidene ligand. Tridentate donor-functionalized -heterocyclic carbene complexes thus fall outside the scope of the review. Applications in (asymmetric) transfer hydrogenation of ketones, aldehydes, imines, alkenes, and nitrobenzene are discussed.
PubMed: 35897879
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154703 -
Blood Advances Dec 2023Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) is an uncommon entity of aggressive B-cell lymphoma with an unusually good prognosis, except for 10-15% of...
Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) is an uncommon entity of aggressive B-cell lymphoma with an unusually good prognosis, except for 10-15% of chemotherapy-refractory cases. To identify earlier these higher risk patients, we performed molecular characterization of a retrospective multicenter cohort of patients treated with firstline immunochemotherapy. The traits of the patients with gene-expression profiling data (n = 120) were as follows: median age of 34 years (range, 18-67 years); female sex, 58.3%; elevated lactate dehydrogenase, 82.5%; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score of 0 to 1, 85.7%; Ann Arbor stage I/II, 55%; International Prognostic Index score of 1 to 2, 64.4%; and median metabolic tumor volume, 290.4 cm3 (range, 15.7-1147.5 cm3). Among all 137 markers tested for correlation with survival data, only programmed death-ligand (PDL) 1 and PDL2 expression showed a prognostic impact. Overall, both PDL1 and PDL2 genes were highly expressed in 37 patients (30.8%; PDL1high/PDL2high). The baseline clinical characteristics of patients with PDL1high/PDL2high were similar to those of other patients. In univariate analysis, PDL1high/PDL2high status was associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio [HR], 4.292) and overall survival (OS; HR, 8.24). In multivariate analysis, PDL1high/PDL2high status was an independent prognostic factor of adverse outcomes (PFS: HR, 5.22; OS: HR, 10.368). We validated these results in an independent cohort of 40 patients and confirmed the significant association between PDL1high/PDL2high status and inferior PFS (HR, 6.11). High PDL1/PDL2 gene expression defines a population with strong immune privilege and poorer outcomes from standard chemotherapy who might benefit from firstline checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Gene Expression; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Prognosis; Progression-Free Survival; Proportional Hazards Models; Male
PubMed: 37862676
DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011169 -
Cell Journal May 2022Epigenetic alterations, including any change in DNA methylation pattern, could be the missing link of understanding radiation-induced genomic instability. Dapper,...
OBJECTIVE
Epigenetic alterations, including any change in DNA methylation pattern, could be the missing link of understanding radiation-induced genomic instability. Dapper, Dishevelled-associated antagonist of β-catenin homolog 2 () is a tumor suppressor gene regulating Wnt/β-catenin. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is hypermethylated, while methylation status of its promoter regulates the corresponding expression. Radionuclides have been used to reduce proliferation and induce apoptosis in cancerous cells. Epigenetic impact of radionuclides as therapeutic agents for treatment of HCC is still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate epigenetic impact of 188Rhenium perrhenate (ReO) on HCC cells.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this in vitro experimental study, HepG2 and Huh7 cells were treated with 188ReO4, receiving 55 and 73 Mega Becquerel (MBq) exposures, respectively. For cell viability measurement, live/dead staining was carried out 18, 24, and 48 hours post-exposure. mRNA expression level of and genes were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Then, possible regulatory impact of upregulation was investigated through evaluating methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR).
RESULTS
Results showed that viability of both cells was reduced after treatment with ReO at three time points postexposure compared to the control groups. The qRT-PCR results showed that mRNA level was significantly increased at 24, and 48 hours post-exposure in HepG2 cells compared to the control group, while, no significant change was observed in Huh7 cells. Methylation pattern of promoter remained unchanged in HepG2 and Huh7 cells.
CONCLUSION
Treatment with ReO reduced viability of HepG2 and Huh7 cells. Although expression was increased after ReO exposure in HepG2 cells, methylation pattern of its promoter remained unchanged. This study assessed impacts of the ReO β-irradiation on expression and induction of epigenetic aberrations as well as the correlation of this agent with viability of cells.
PubMed: 35717568
DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2022.7894 -
Chemical Science Oct 2015Photocatalysis has recently opened up new avenues for the generation of radical species under visible light irradiation conditions. A particularly fascinating class of... (Review)
Review
Photocatalysis has recently opened up new avenues for the generation of radical species under visible light irradiation conditions. A particularly fascinating class of photocatalyzed transformations relies on the activation of stable boron species with visible-light since it allows the creation of boryl and/or carbon radicals through single electron transfer or energy transfer without the need for specific and costly equipment. This new paradigm has found numerous applications in synthetic organic chemistry, catalysis, and macromolecular chemistry. In this minireview, the concepts underlying photoactivation of boron-species as well as applications to the creation of C-H, C-C, C-O, B-C and B-S bond are discussed.
PubMed: 28717443
DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02207j -
Fluids and Barriers of the CNS Feb 2023Regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) directly influence brain functions and dysfunctions and involves complex mechanisms, including neurovascular coupling (NVC). It...
BACKGROUND
Regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) directly influence brain functions and dysfunctions and involves complex mechanisms, including neurovascular coupling (NVC). It was suggested that the serine protease tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) could control CNV induced by whisker stimulation in rodents, through its action on N-methyl-D-Aspartate receptors (NMDARs). However, the origin of tPA and the location and mechanism of its action on NMDARs in relation to CNV remained debated.
METHODS
Here, we answered these issues using tPA mice, conditional deletions of either endothelial tPA (VECad-Cre) or endothelial GluN1 subunit of NMDARs (VECad-Cre), parabioses between wild-type and tPA mice, hydrodynamic transfection-induced deletion of liver tPA, hepatectomy and pharmacological approaches.
RESULTS
We thus demonstrate that physiological concentrations of vascular tPA, achieved by the bradykinin type 2 receptors-dependent production and release of tPA from liver endothelial cells, promote NVC, through a mechanism dependent on brain endothelial NMDARs.
CONCLUSIONS
These data highlight a new mechanism of regulation of NVC involving both endothelial tPA and NMDARs.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Tissue Plasminogen Activator; N-Methylaspartate; Endothelial Cells; Neurovascular Coupling; Brain; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Mice, Knockout; Liver
PubMed: 36737775
DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00411-w -
Journal of Nuclear Cardiology :... Oct 2023Dynamic acquisition allows absolute quantification of myocardial perfusion and flow reserve, offering an alternative to overcome the potential limits of relative... (Review)
Review
Dynamic acquisition allows absolute quantification of myocardial perfusion and flow reserve, offering an alternative to overcome the potential limits of relative quantification, especially in patients with balanced multivessel coronary artery disease. SPECT myocardial perfusion is widely available, at lower cost than PET. Dynamic cardiac SPECT is now feasible and has the potential to be the next step of comprehensive perfusion imaging. In order to help nuclear cardiologists potentially interested in using dynamic perfusion SPECT, we sought to review the different steps of acquisition, processing, and reporting of dynamic SPECT studies in order to enlighten the potentially critical pitfalls and artifacts. Both patient-related and technical artifacts are discussed. Key parameters of the acquisition include pharmacological stress, radiopharmaceuticals, and injection device. When it comes to image processing, attention must be paid to image-derived input function, patient motion, and extra-cardiac activity. This review also mentions compartment models, cameras, and attenuation correction. Finally, published data enlighten some facets of dynamic cardiac SPECT while several issues remain. Harmonizing acquisition and quality control procedures will likely improve its performance and clinical strength.
Topics: Humans; Artifacts; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; Coronary Artery Disease; Radiopharmaceuticals; Perfusion; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
PubMed: 36598748
DOI: 10.1007/s12350-022-03165-4