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Zhurnal Voprosy Neirokhirurgii Imeni N.... 2017A pineal cyst (PC) is a benign neoplasm in the pineal region, or more precisely in the pineal body. Most cysts are incidental findings and are not associated with... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
A pineal cyst (PC) is a benign neoplasm in the pineal region, or more precisely in the pineal body. Most cysts are incidental findings and are not associated with symptoms typical of patients seeking medical advice. Symptomatic cysts are discovered less often and, depending on the clinical picture, require different treatment approaches.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We analyzed the literature data about the clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment of PCs for more than a century (1914-2016).
CONCLUSION
To date, there is no single approach for managing PC patients. The indications for surgical treatment of symptomatic PCs are still not fully defined. It remains unclear which PC cases should be followed-up, and how often control examinations should be performed. More research of PCs is needed to develop new approaches to treatment of PC patients.
Topics: Cysts; Humans; Pineal Gland; Pinealoma
PubMed: 28914878
DOI: 10.17116/neiro2017814113-120 -
Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research Nov 2015Melanocytic nevi are a benign clonal proliferation of cells expressing the melanocytic phenotype, with heterogeneous clinical and molecular characteristics. In this... (Review)
Review
Melanocytic nevi are a benign clonal proliferation of cells expressing the melanocytic phenotype, with heterogeneous clinical and molecular characteristics. In this review, we discuss the genetics of nevi by salient nevi subtypes: congenital melanocytic nevi, acquired melanocytic nevi, blue nevi, and Spitz nevi. While the molecular etiology of nevi has been less thoroughly studied than melanoma, it is clear that nevi and melanoma share common driver mutations. Acquired melanocytic nevi harbor oncogenic mutations in BRAF, which is the predominant oncogene associated with melanoma. Congenital melanocytic nevi and blue nevi frequently harbor NRAS mutations and GNAQ mutations, respectively, while Spitz and atypical Spitz tumors often exhibit HRAS and kinase rearrangements. These initial 'driver' mutations are thought to trigger the establishment of benign nevi. After this initial phase of the cell proliferation, a senescence program is executed, causing termination of nevi growth. Only upon the emergence of additional tumorigenic alterations, which may provide an escape from oncogene-induced senescence, can malignant progression occur. Here, we review the current literature on the pathobiology and genetics of nevi in the hope that additional studies of nevi promise to inform our understanding of the transition from benign neoplasm to malignancy.
Topics: Carcinogenesis; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Nevus, Pigmented; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 26300491
DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12412 -
Joint Diseases and Related Surgery 2020This study aims to investigate the choice of graft or cement, the relationship between the graft types and union rates, functional results, and complications in hand and...
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to investigate the choice of graft or cement, the relationship between the graft types and union rates, functional results, and complications in hand and wrist benign bone lesions while also evaluating the diagnosis and treatment modalities of lesions with high recurrence potential like giant cell- containing lesions.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Between September 2005 and May 2016, 48 benign osseous hand and wrist tumors of 48 patients (22 males, 26 females; mean age 33±13.1 years; range, 11 to 70 years) were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were evaluated according to demographic data, complaints at admission, radiological findings, surgical methods, graft type, pathological diagnosis, and complications.
RESULTS
Although not statistically significant, there were differences between cement, allograft, and autograft according to union time and loss of range of motion. There was no statistical difference between cement, allograft, and autograft according to complications.
CONCLUSION
Autograft obtained percutaneously with a trephine needle may provide earlier union with minimal donor site morbidity. Wide resection and reconstruction options should be kept in mind in giant cell-containing tumors. Further investigations are needed about the relationship between soft tissue edema in magnetic resonance imaging and the recurrence risk in hand and wrist benign bone tumors.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bone Cements; Bone Neoplasms; Bone Transplantation; Child; Female; Giant Cell Tumor of Bone; Hand; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Osteochondroma; Range of Motion, Articular; Retrospective Studies; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Transplantation, Autologous; Treatment Outcome; Wrist Joint; Young Adult
PubMed: 32160499
DOI: 10.5606/ehc.2020.72162 -
Modern Pathology : An Official Journal... Jan 2021Fibroepithelial lesions of the breast, comprising the fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumour, are a unique group of neoplasms that share histological characteristics but... (Review)
Review
Fibroepithelial lesions of the breast, comprising the fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumour, are a unique group of neoplasms that share histological characteristics but possess different clinical behaviour. The fibroadenoma is the commonest benign breast tumour in women, while the phyllodes tumour is rare and may be associated with recurrences, grade progression and even metastasis. The diagnosis of fibroadenoma is usually straightforward, with recognised histological variants such as the cellular, complex, juvenile and myxoid forms. The phyllodes tumour comprises benign, borderline and malignant varieties, graded using a constellation of histological parameters based on stromal characteristics of hypercellularity, atypia, mitoses, overgrowth and the nature of tumour borders. While phyllodes tumour grade correlates with clinical behaviour, interobserver variability in assessing multiple parameters that are potentially of different biological weightage leads to significant challenges in accurate grade determination and consequently therapy. Differential diagnostic considerations along the spectrum of fibroepithelial tumours can be problematic in routine practice. Recent discoveries of the molecular underpinnings of these tumours may have diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Topics: Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Fibroadenoma; Humans; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms, Fibroepithelial; Phyllodes Tumor
PubMed: 32461622
DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0583-3 -
Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons... May 2011The retroperitoneum can host a wide spectrum of pathologies, including a variety of rare benign tumours and malignant neoplasms that can be either primary or metastatic... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The retroperitoneum can host a wide spectrum of pathologies, including a variety of rare benign tumours and malignant neoplasms that can be either primary or metastatic lesions. Retroperitoneal tumours can cause a diagnostic dilemma and present several therapeutic challenges because of their rarity, relative late presentation and anatomical location, often in close relationship with several vital structures in the retroperitoneal space.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed. Relevant international articles published in the last ten years were assessed. The keywords for search purposes included: retroperitoneum, benign, sarcoma, neoplasm, diagnosis and surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy. The search was limited to articles published in English. All articles were read in full by the authors and selected for inclusion based on relevance to this article.
RESULTS
Tumours usually present late and cause symptoms or become palpable once they have reached a significant size. Retroperitoneal tumours are best evaluated with good quality cross-sectional imaging and preoperative histology by core needle biopsy is required when imaging is non-diagnostic. Sarcomas comprise a third of retroperitoneal tumours. Other retroperitoneal neoplasms include lymphomas and epithelial tumours or might represent metastatic disease from known or unknown primary sites. The most common benign pathologies encountered in the retroperitoneum include benign neurogenic tumours, paragangliomas, fibromatosis, renal angiomyolipomas and benign retroperitoneal lipomas.
CONCLUSIONS
Complete surgical resection is the only potential curative treatment modality for retroperitoneal sarcomas and is best performed in high-volume centres by a multidisciplinary sarcoma team. The ability completely to resect a retroperitoneal sarcoma and tumour grade remain the most important predictors of local recurrence and disease-specific survival.
Topics: Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms; Sarcoma; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 21944791
DOI: 10.1308/003588411X571944 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2022Renal oncocytoma represents the most common type of benign neoplasm that is an increasing concern for urologists, oncologists, and nephrologists due to its difficult... (Review)
Review
Renal oncocytoma represents the most common type of benign neoplasm that is an increasing concern for urologists, oncologists, and nephrologists due to its difficult differential diagnosis and frequent overtreatment. It displays a variable neoplastic parenchymal and stromal architecture, and the defining cellular element is a large polygonal, granular, eosinophilic, mitochondria-rich cell known as an oncocyte. The real challenge in the oncocytoma treatment algorithm is related to the misdiagnosis due to its resemblance, at an initial radiological assessment, to malignant renal cancers with a completely different prognosis and medical treatment. Unfortunately, percutaneous renal biopsy is not frequently performed due to the possible side effects related to the procedure. Therefore, the majority of oncocytoma are diagnosed after the surgical operation via partial or radical nephrectomy. For this reason, new reliable strategies to solve this issue are needed. In our review, we will discuss the clinical implications of renal oncocytoma in daily clinical practice with a particular focus on the medical diagnosis and treatment and on the potential of novel promising molecular biomarkers such as circulating microRNAs to distinguish between a benign and a malignant lesion.
Topics: Adenoma, Oxyphilic; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Nephrectomy
PubMed: 35269747
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052603 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2020Lipomas are encapsulated benign tumors typically found in the integument, central nervous system or gastrointestinal tract and represent the most common benign... (Review)
Review
Lipomas are encapsulated benign tumors typically found in the integument, central nervous system or gastrointestinal tract and represent the most common benign mesenchymal neoplasm in adults. Bladder lipoma is a rare tumor that has been reported in a handful of cases in medical literature. A literature review from PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases of bladder lipoma yielded less than 20 cases. We report a case of a 69 year-old Moroccan male patient with hematuria as a chief symptom. The diagnosis of bladder lipoma was suspected by flexible fibroscopy and assessed by transurethral resection. Macroscopic and histological examination revealed a lipomatous tumour with no sign of malignancy. There was no recurrence after one year of follow-up. Although bladder lipomas are rare entities, they must be considered in the differential diagnosis of bladder tumor. However, we should always keep in mind that any bladder tumor is malignant until proven otherwise.
Topics: Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Follow-Up Studies; Hematuria; Humans; Lipoma; Male; Morocco; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 33796193
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.380.25672 -
The Medical Journal of Malaysia Jun 2016Angioleiomyoma of the nasal cavity is an extremely rare benign neoplasm. It usually occurs in the lower extremities. Up to date, only few cases of angioleiomyoma have...
BACKGROUND
Angioleiomyoma of the nasal cavity is an extremely rare benign neoplasm. It usually occurs in the lower extremities. Up to date, only few cases of angioleiomyoma have been reported. First case of angioleiomyoma of nasal cavity was reported in 1966. We report a rare case of angioleiomyoma arising from the right maxillary sinus.
CASE REPORT
A 43-year-old lady presented with recurrent epistaxis and right nasal obstruction for two months duration. Clinical examination revealed a huge right nasal mass obstructing the right nasal cavity. The tumour was excised completely via endoscopic endonasal surgical approach. Histopathological examination confirmed the tumour is sinonasal angioleiomyoma. Postoperatively, she recovered well without any recurrence after a year of followup.
CONCLUSION
This tumour has an excellent prognosis and recurrence is extremely rare if excised completely.
Topics: Adult; Angiomyoma; Endoscopy; Female; Humans; Nasal Cavity; Nasal Obstruction; Nose Neoplasms
PubMed: 27495895
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Surgery... Jul 2015Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the commonest benign neoplasm of salivary glands.(1) PA can undergo malignant transformation to ex-pleomorphic adenoma (2,3) but rarely, can... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the commonest benign neoplasm of salivary glands.(1) PA can undergo malignant transformation to ex-pleomorphic adenoma (2,3) but rarely, can metastasise without malignant transformation.(4,5) Metastasising pleomorphic adenoma (MPA) is a rare malignant tumour which, histologically, is indistinguishable from PA yet produces secondary tumours in distant sites.(6,7,8) OBJECTIVE: Our aim is to review the literature for all reported cases of MPA and create a virtual series. The age and location of primary tumour with the location and time to metastasise will be reviewed. The prognosis and treatment options will be explored.
METHOD
We conducted a PUBMED search with a combination of keywords: metastasizing/metastasising AND pleomorphic adenoma OR mixed tumour. An author's own case has also been included.
RESULTS
Between 1942 and 2014 there were 80 case reports included in the review, plus the authors own case. Mean age at diagnosis of MPA was 49.5 years (range 11-83). Male-to-female ratio was 34:46. The mean time between PA and MPA was 14.9 years (range 0-51), with three cases reporting simultaneous presentation. 72.8% (n = 59) of cases reported PA local recurrence prior to MPA. The three most common sites for MPA were: bone 36.6% (n = 28), lung 33.8% (n = 26) and neck lymph nodes 20.1% (n = 17). Survival was poorly reported, but 41 (80.4%) were alive at 1-year.
CONCLUSION
Benign MPA is rare. Metastasis occurs years after the initial PA and is associated with multiple local recurrences. Histologically, MPA retain their benign nature yet demonstrate malignant behaviour.
Topics: Adenoma, Pleomorphic; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prognosis; Salivary Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 25958295
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.04.084 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2015Proliferating pilomatricoma is proliferative, rare tumor variant of pilomatricoma. It is a benign neoplasm of hair matrix that can have potentially involve local...
Proliferating pilomatricoma is proliferative, rare tumor variant of pilomatricoma. It is a benign neoplasm of hair matrix that can have potentially involve local recurrence. We report the case of a 60-year-old man who presented an asymptomatic nodule on the scalp. Histological exam demonstrated a basaloid epithelium at the periphery, filled with eosinophilic cornified material containing shadow cells. The tumor was excised and there was no evidence of recurrence one year later.
Topics: Hair Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pilomatrixoma; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Burden
PubMed: 26312685
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20153972