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Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Oct 2022Despite the propensity of waterfowl species to readily accumulate anthropogenic contaminants within polluted environments, few studies have examined bioaccumulation...
Despite the propensity of waterfowl species to readily accumulate anthropogenic contaminants within polluted environments, few studies have examined bioaccumulation rates over time when entering such a contaminated site. We examined mercury (Hg) and radiocesium ( Cs) bioaccumulation over time in two waterfowl species released into a wetland system containing legacy contamination on the US Department of Energy's Savannah River Site in South Carolina. Released birds were collected at select time intervals over an exposure period of 94 days. We quantified total Hg concentrations in blood, muscle, and liver tissues, and Cs activity in whole-body and muscle tissues. The relationship between the contaminant burdens of different body tissue types was examined over time. Likely a result of microhabitat selection, mallards in our study readily accumulated both Hg and Cs at consistent rates over time within our study system, while ring-neck ducks did not. The findings demonstrated that whole blood can be used as a robust, nondestructive sampling alternative to estimate Hg burdens within muscle and liver, and whole-body Cs activity is a good predictor of muscle burdens. Understanding such bioaccumulation information in waterfowl is useful for the assessment of the potential health risk in wildlife, as well as being important for human risk assessment toward the consumption of popular game species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2479-2487. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Topics: Bioaccumulation; Cesium Radioisotopes; Environmental Monitoring; Humans; Mercury; Rivers
PubMed: 35866467
DOI: 10.1002/etc.5444 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Oct 2022Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are highly persistent chemicals, which pose a potential risk for aquatic wildlife due to their bioaccumulative behaviour...
Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in marine biota from the Belgian North Sea: Distribution and human health risk implications.
Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are highly persistent chemicals, which pose a potential risk for aquatic wildlife due to their bioaccumulative behaviour and toxicological effects. Although the distribution of PFAS in marine environments has been studied worldwide, little is known on the contamination of PFAS in the southern North Sea. In the present study, the bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) was studied in liver and muscle tissue of seven fish species and in whole-body tissue of two crustacean species, collected at 10 sites in the Belgian North Sea. Furthermore, the human and ecological health risks were examined. Overall, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was predominant in all matrices and other long-chain PFAS were frequently detected. Mean PFOS concentrations ranged from
Topics: Alkanesulfonic Acids; Animals; Belgium; Bioaccumulation; Biota; Environmental Monitoring; Fishes; Fluorocarbons; Humans; North Sea; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 35985433
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119907 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2021(1) Background: Metal pollution in the Nhue-Day River basin has impacted approximately 12 million people. However, none of the previous studies considered the entire...
(1) Background: Metal pollution in the Nhue-Day River basin has impacted approximately 12 million people. However, none of the previous studies considered the entire basin's environmental and health risks. Thus, this research aims to fill knowledge gaps and reduce risks. (2) Methods: Sediment and fish samples from the basin were analyzed to determine the levels of Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd pollution and their potential ecological (EF, modified Pollution Index-mPI, and expanded, modified potential ecological risk index-emRI) and human health risks (THQ, HI, and TR indices). (3) Results: Metal levels in sediment exceeded Canadian aquatic life protection guidelines, indicating moderate to severe contamination (EFs: 1.3-58.5 and mPIs: 4-39). Compared to the new proposed ecological risk threshold, all river sites and Site 1 for ponds had elevated metal levels; and these posed a very high ecological risk in spring (emRI > 4.5), with Cd being the most hazardous. Lead levels in all fish tissues surpassed Vietnamese and EU food regulations. In agreement with THQ, EWI (Zn, Cu) and EMI (Cd) were both less than 2.5% of the PTWI and PTMI, respectively. However, HI values of 0.67-1.26 suggested a moderate health risk. Carcinogenic risk (TR > 10; estimated for Pb) was detected in several localities for Common carp and Tilapia during the warm season. (4) Conclusions: Metals had a negative impact on the basin's ecosystem, with Cd being the most dangerous. Because of lead, consumption of Common carp and Tilapia from the basin may pose both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health concerns.
Topics: Animals; Bioaccumulation; Canada; China; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments; Humans; Lead; Metals, Heavy; Risk Assessment; Vietnam; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 34949036
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413425 -
Microbiology Spectrum Aug 2022Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a major foodborne pathogen that causes acute viral gastroenteritis, and oysters are one of the main carriers of HuNoV transmission. While...
Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a major foodborne pathogen that causes acute viral gastroenteritis, and oysters are one of the main carriers of HuNoV transmission. While progress has been made toward understanding the pattern of oyster-bioaccumulated HuNoV, the response of oysters to HuNoV bioaccumulation, including changes in gene expression and gut microbiota, is unclear. In this study, histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)-like molecule expression and gene regulation features and the HuNoV-microbiome interactions of oysters during HuNoV bioaccumulation were characterized. With the prolongation of bioaccumulation time, the HuNoV content and expression of type A HBGA-like molecules in oysters increased and stabilized. HuNoV also altered the expression of immunity- and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-related genes. Prolonged bioaccumulation of HuNoV can reduce the abundance and change the composition of the oyster gut microbiota. In particular, with the extension of bioaccumulation time, the abundance of , , , , , , and decreased, while the abundance of and increased. This study provides potential candidates for identifying functional genes involved in the bioaccumulation of HuNoV in oysters. More importantly, it provides the first description of the changes in gut microbiota during HuNoV bioaccumulation in oysters. The role of the oyster gut microbiota in HuNoV bioaccumulation is poorly understood. This study revealed, for the first time, the changes in gut microbiota and gene expression of oysters with HuNoV bioaccumulation. This study enriches the understanding of the impact of HuNoV bioaccumulation on oysters and provides a new direction for the study of the molecular mechanism of HuNoV bioaccumulation in oysters.
Topics: Animals; Bioaccumulation; Crassostrea; Gastroenteritis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Norovirus; Transcriptome
PubMed: 35867424
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00161-22 -
Environmental Advances Dec 2022Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely used across the globe in commercial products such textiles, firefighting foams, and surface coatings. Some PFAS,...
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely used across the globe in commercial products such textiles, firefighting foams, and surface coatings. Some PFAS, such as perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), are known to be bioaccumulative. Numerous terrestrial ecosystems including sites near PFAS manufacturing facilities, facilities using PFAS in their manufacturing processes, firefighting training areas, landfills, and agricultural fields treated with some pesticide formulations, have been contaminated with PFAS. Earthworms reside at the base of the terrestrial food chain and to perform risk assessments at terrestrial sites contaminated with PFAS, information on the bioaccumulation of PFAS is needed. To understand the bioaccumulation of PFAS by earthworms, a literature search was performed, and biota-soil accumulation factors (BSAFs), measured in laboratory tests and at field sites contaminated with PFAS, were assembled and evaluated in this review. Based on this review, we conclude that there is enough data available for carboxylic and sulfonic acid PFAS classes to derive useful BSAFs for terrestrial risk assessments. Laboratory tests with PFOS and PFOA will be close to or at steady-state conditions with standardized testing protocols, and for the longer chain carboxylic and sulfonic acids, it is unlikely they will reach steady-state with the completion of the uptake exposure. For PFAS classes beyond the carboxylic and sulfonic acids, data are limited and performing terrestrial risk assessments with these PFAS will be difficult. Lastly, additional measurements are needed for non-acid PFAS classes as well as from field settings for all PFAS classes. Across all studies, PFOS and PFOA had average (standard deviation, count) BSAFs (kg-OC/kg-ww) of 0.167 (0.311, 60) and 0.0413 (0.175, 47), respectively.
PubMed: 38481605
DOI: 10.1016/j.envadv.2022.100335 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2023The occurrence, bioaccumulation, and risks of 11 pairs of pharmaceutical metabolites and their respective parents were investigated in the water, sediment, and fish of...
The occurrence, bioaccumulation, and risks of 11 pairs of pharmaceutical metabolites and their respective parents were investigated in the water, sediment, and fish of an urban river in Nanjing city, China. The results showed that most of the target metabolites and their parents were detected in all water samples, with concentrations ranging from 0.1 ng/L to 72.9 ng/L. In some cases, the concentrations of metabolites in water were significantly higher than their parents, with fold changes reaching up 4.1 in the wet season and 6.6 in the dry season, while in sediment and fish, a lower concentration was observed in most cases. A lowered concentration of detected pharmaceuticals was observed in the dry season when compared to the wet season due to the seasonal variation in pharmaceutical consumption and overflow effluent. The bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals in different fish tissues were detected with a descending order of overall concentration as gill > brain > muscle > gonad > intestine > liver > blood. In addition, the concentrations of both metabolites and their parents also decreased along the river in two seasons. However, the concentration rates of metabolites and their parents were significantly altered along the river in both water and sediment. The relatively high concentration proportions of the detected pharmaceuticals in water suggested that pharmaceuticals were more likely to apportion in water than in sediment, especially for the metabolites. Meanwhile, the rates of the metabolite/parent pairs between fish and water/sediment were generally lower, indicating the higher excretion capacity of metabolites from fish than their parents. Most of the detected pharmaceuticals had no impact on aquatic organisms. However, the presence of ibuprofen posed a medium risk to fish. Compared to the parents, metabolites showed a relatively low risk value but a high contribution to the total risk. It highlights that metabolites in the aquatic environments cannot be ignored.
Topics: Animals; Rivers; Environmental Monitoring; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Bioaccumulation; Fishes; Water; Pharmaceutical Preparations; China
PubMed: 36833664
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042967 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2023Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of flame retardants used in plastics, textiles, polyurethane foam, and other materials. They contain two halogenated... (Review)
Review
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of flame retardants used in plastics, textiles, polyurethane foam, and other materials. They contain two halogenated aromatic rings bonded by an ester bond and are classified according to the number and position of bromine atoms. Due to their widespread use, PBDEs have been detected in soil, air, water, dust, and animal tissues. Besides, PBDEs have been found in various tissues, including liver, kidney, adipose, brain, breast milk and plasma. The continued accumulation of PBDEs has raised concerns about their potential toxicity, including hepatotoxicity, kidney toxicity, gut toxicity, thyroid toxicity, embryotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and immunotoxicity. Previous studies have suggested that there may be various mechanisms contributing to PBDEs toxicity. The present study aimed to outline PBDEs' toxic effects and mechanisms on different organ systems. Given PBDEs' bioaccumulation and adverse impacts on human health and other living organisms, we summarize PBDEs' effects and potential toxicity mechanisms and tend to broaden the horizons to facilitate the design of new prevention strategies for PBDEs-induced toxicity.
Topics: Animals; Female; Humans; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; Kidney; Adiposity; Bioaccumulation; Milk, Human
PubMed: 37686292
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713487 -
The Science of the Total Environment Mar 2023Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in aquatic environments have caused global concern due to their persistence, toxicity, and potential bioaccumulation of some...
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in aquatic environments have caused global concern due to their persistence, toxicity, and potential bioaccumulation of some compounds. As an important compartment of the aquatic ecosystem, sediment properties impact PFAS partitioning between aqueous and solid phases, but little is known about the influence of sediment organic carbon content on PFAS bioaccumulation in benthic organisms. In this study, three freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates - worms (Lumbriculus variegatus), mussels (Elliptio complanata) and snails (Physella acuta) - were exposed for 28 days to PFAS spiked synthetic sediment equilibrated with a synthetic surface water. Using microcosms, sediment organic carbon content - 2%, 5% and 8% - was manipulated to assess its impact on PFAS bioaccumulation. Worms were found to have substantially greater PFAS bioaccumulation compared to mussels and snails. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) and biota sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) in worms were both one to two magnitudes higher than in mussels and snails, likely due to different habitat-specific uptake pathways and elimination capacities among species. In these experiments, increasing sediment organic carbon content decreased the bioaccumulation of PFAS to benthic macroinvertebrates. In worms, sediment organic carbon content was hypothesized to impact PFAS bioaccumulation by affecting PFAS partitioning and sediment ingestion rate. Notably, the BSAF values of 8:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (FTS) were the largest among 14 PFAS for all species, suggesting that the benthic macroinvertebrates probably have different metabolic mechanisms for fluorotelomer sulfonic acids compared to fish evaluated in published literature. Understanding the impact of species and sediment organic carbon on PFAS bioaccumulation is key to developing environmental quality guidelines and evaluating potential ecological risks to higher trophic level species.
Topics: Animals; Bioaccumulation; Carbon; Ecosystem; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Fluorocarbons; Fresh Water; Geologic Sediments
PubMed: 36581279
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161208 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Aug 2022Trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) are the two mainly stable oxidation states of Cr in aquatic environments, while the difference of their...
Trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) are the two mainly stable oxidation states of Cr in aquatic environments, while the difference of their bioavailability and toxicity by dietary exposure has been rarely known in aquatic organisms. Using juvenile coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus), Cr(III) and Cr(VI) as model system, this study tested the hypothesis that the dietary Cr bioaccumulation and toxicity in fish were highly dependent on Cr speciation. The fish were chronically exposed to 200 mg kg of dietary Cr(III) and Cr(VI) for 8 weeks, and then the Cr bioaccumulation, morphologic change, and RNA-Seq in fish liver were determined. The results showed that dietary Cr(III) and Cr(VI) exposure significantly induced fish weight gain, while 1.17 folds and 1.26 folds increased in relation to Control group, respectively. Cr contents in liver was increased significantly in dietary Cr(VI) but not in Cr(III) groups. Both Cr treatment induced lipid deposition in liver tissue structure, moreover, pancreatic part was increased in dietary Cr(III) but its reduced in Cr(VI) exposure. RNA-Seq in fish liver were significantly different as well. Specifically, there were 138 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in dietary Cr(III) group, including 76 up-regulated and 62 down-regulated, and these DEGs were mainly involved in lipid metabolism, while there were 175 DEGs in dietary Cr(VI) group, including 85 up-regulated and 90 down-regulated, and these DEGs were mainly involved in immune system. The qRT-PCR confirmed the RNA-seq data were reliable. Overall, these results supported our hypothesis that the chronic dietary Cr(III) and Cr(VI) exposure resulted in apparently different Cr bioaccumulation and toxicity in fish. Our findings here help us to fill in a big gap in our knowledge of speciation-specific Cr bioavailability and toxicity in aquatic organisms, which has been largely unclear previously. CAPSULE: Dietary Cr(III) increased lipid metabolism and dietary Cr(VI) activated immune system in liver of coral trout at transcription levels.
Topics: Animals; Bioaccumulation; Chromium; Liver; Transcriptome
PubMed: 35688000
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113744 -
Chemosphere Jun 2022We evaluated the effects of Mn in juvenile Yunlong groupers (Epinephelus moara ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂). The groupers were exposed to Mn (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/L)...
We evaluated the effects of Mn in juvenile Yunlong groupers (Epinephelus moara ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂). The groupers were exposed to Mn (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/L) for 30 days after which they were assessed. The results indicate the accumulation of Mn in fish depended on dose and time. Mn accumulation in tissues occurred in the following order: liver > gills > intestine > muscle. The concentrations of SOD and CAT in the fish significantly increased after 10 and 20 days of treatment with 4 mg/L Mn but decreased after 30 days. Similarly, GSH and GPx levels increased after 10 days of exposure to 2 and 4 mg/L Mn but decreased after 20 and 30 days of exposure. Additionally, malondialdehyde levels significantly increased after exposing the fish to 2 and 4 mg/L Mn for 10, 20, and 30 days. In addition, liver HSP70 and HSP90 levels significantly increased at days 20 and 30 in all fish exposed to Mn. In addition, when Mn concentration was 1, 2, and 4 mg/L, liver C3 and C4 levels were significantly increased after 10, 20, and 30 days. Conversely, the levels of LZM and IgM significantly decreased. Mn also significantly upregulated the expression of genes associated with immunity (tlr3, tnf-α, il-1β, and il-6) in the fish, which suggests that it induces immunotoxicity by altering the immune response. Overall, the findings showed that Mn can disrupt grouper health by bioaccumulating in the fish and subsequently inducing oxidative stress and immune responses. These results can help elucidate the mechanism by which manganese induces toxicity in marine fish. Additionally, they provide a new perspective regarding the detrimental effects of heavy metals in fish.
Topics: Animals; Bass; Bioaccumulation; Immunity; Manganese; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 35271901
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134235