-
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2023Recently, sustainable, biodegradable, and nontoxic materials, especially from renewable resources, have gained a lot of attention, and an important effort has been put...
Recently, sustainable, biodegradable, and nontoxic materials, especially from renewable resources, have gained a lot of attention, and an important effort has been put into the research of biodegradable and biocompatible polymers as an alternative to petroleum-based commodity plastics [...].
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Polymers; Plastics; Biopolymers; Petroleum
PubMed: 37047403
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076430 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2023Cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases and affects a large proportion of the population worldwide. Conventional treatments in the management include chemotherapy,... (Review)
Review
Cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases and affects a large proportion of the population worldwide. Conventional treatments in the management include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Although being well-accepted, they have many lacunas in the form of severe side effect resulting from lack of targeted delivery. Antibody biopolymer conjugates are a novel method which is an add-on to older methods of immunization. It is used in various diseases and disorders. It ensures the targeted delivery of molecules to increase its efficacy and reduce unwanted effects of the molecule/drug to normal cells. It shows miraculous results in the treatment and management of several cancers even in advanced stages. Herein, we present the chemistry between biopolymer and antibody, their effects on cancer as well as the basic differences between antibody-drug conjugates and antibody-biopolymer conjugates.
Topics: Humans; Antibodies; Neoplasms; Medical Oncology; Immunoconjugates; Biopolymers; Antineoplastic Agents
PubMed: 36985578
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062605 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023The definition of the term biopolymer is often controversial, and there is no clear distinction between "biopolymers", "bioplastics", and "bio-based polymers" [...].
The definition of the term biopolymer is often controversial, and there is no clear distinction between "biopolymers", "bioplastics", and "bio-based polymers" [...].
Topics: Biopolymers; Polymers
PubMed: 38003441
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216251 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2022Alginate is an excellent biodegradable and renewable material that is already used for a broad range of industrial applications, including advanced fields, such as... (Review)
Review
Alginate is an excellent biodegradable and renewable material that is already used for a broad range of industrial applications, including advanced fields, such as biomedicine and bioengineering, due to its excellent biodegradable and biocompatible properties. This biopolymer can be produced from brown algae or a microorganism culture. This review presents the principles, chemical structures, gelation properties, chemical interactions, production, sterilization, purification, types, and alginate-based hydrogels developed so far. We present all of the advanced strategies used to remarkably enhance this biopolymer's physicochemical and biological characteristics in various forms, such as injectable gels, fibers, films, hydrogels, and scaffolds. Thus, we present here all of the material engineering enhancement approaches achieved so far in this biopolymer in terms of mechanical reinforcement, thermal and electrical performance, wettability, water sorption and diffusion, antimicrobial activity, in vivo and in vitro biological behavior, including toxicity, cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, immunological response, biodegradation, porosity, and its use as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. These improvements to overcome the drawbacks of the alginate biopolymer could exponentially increase the significant number of alginate applications that go from the paper industry to the bioprinting of organs.
Topics: Alginates; Biopolymers; Bioprinting; Hydrogels; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 35562876
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094486 -
Enzyme and Microbial Technology Oct 2021Encapsulated enzymes are stable under various conditions and used in enzyme therapy, catalysis, and biosensors. The capsules are often inspired by structures from nature... (Review)
Review
Encapsulated enzymes are stable under various conditions and used in enzyme therapy, catalysis, and biosensors. The capsules are often inspired by structures from nature such as viral capsids, DNA motifs and diatom frustules. They are based on inorganic minerals as well as soft or polymeric materials, or even a combination of these. The choice of material influences the enzyme loading and response to heat, pH and presence of proteases. This review provides a comparison of enzyme encapsulation based on these different principles with a focus on materials inspired by nature.
Topics: Biomimetics; Biopolymers; Capsules; Catalysis; Polymers; Silicon Dioxide
PubMed: 34489023
DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109864 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2022Petroleum-based plastics can be found everywhere in our habitual life in diverse applications such as automobiles, aerospace, and medical science [...].
Petroleum-based plastics can be found everywhere in our habitual life in diverse applications such as automobiles, aerospace, and medical science [...].
Topics: Biopolymers; Humans; Petroleum; Plastics
PubMed: 35216374
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042257 -
Analytical Biochemistry Sep 2022Multi-wavelength analytical ultracentrifugation (MW-AUC) is a recent development made possible by new analytical ultracentrifuge optical systems. MW-AUC extends the... (Review)
Review
Multi-wavelength analytical ultracentrifugation (MW-AUC) is a recent development made possible by new analytical ultracentrifuge optical systems. MW-AUC extends the basic hydrodynamic information content of AUC and provides access to a wide range of new applications for biopolymer characterization, and is poised to become an essential analytical tool to study macromolecular interactions. It adds an orthogonal spectral dimension to the traditional hydrodynamic characterization by exploiting unique chromophores in analyte mixtures that may or may not interact. Here we illustrate the utility of MW-AUC for experimental investigations where the benefit of the added spectral dimension provides critical information that is not accessible, and impossible to resolve with traditional AUC methods. We demonstrate the improvements in resolution and information content obtained by this technique compared to traditional single- or dual-wavelength approaches, and discuss experimental design considerations and limitations of the method. We further address the advantages and disadvantages of the two MW optical systems available today, and the differences in data analysis strategies between the two systems.
Topics: Biopolymers; Hydrodynamics; Ultracentrifugation
PubMed: 35609686
DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114728 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2020Oil-derived plastics are the most commonly used materials for packaging because of their features, low cost, and availability of resources for manufacturing [...].
Oil-derived plastics are the most commonly used materials for packaging because of their features, low cost, and availability of resources for manufacturing [...].
Topics: Biopolymers; Food Packaging; Green Chemistry Technology
PubMed: 32668678
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144942 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Apr 2020Bacterial levan is a fructose homopolymer that offers great potential in biotechnological applications due to biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity. This... (Review)
Review
Bacterial levan is a fructose homopolymer that offers great potential in biotechnological applications due to biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity. This biopolymer possesses diverse multifunctional features, which translates into a wide range of applicability, including in industry, consumer products, pharmaceuticals and biomedicine. Extensive research has identified great potential for its exploitation in human health. In addition, nanostructured systems have provided significant advances in the area of health, mainly with respect to disease diagnosis and treatment. While the functional properties of these natural polysaccharide-based polymers are desirable in these systems, research in this area has been limited to few natural polymers, such as chitosan, alginate and dextran, which obscures the true potential of levan in the production of nanostructured systems for biotechnological and medical applications. The present review considers the latest research in the field to focus on the use of levan as a promising biopolymer for the development of nanomaterials.
Topics: Alginates; Biocompatible Materials; Biopolymers; Chitosan; Drug Delivery Systems; Fructans; Humans; Nanostructures; Polymers; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 32199961
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119242 -
Journal of Advanced Research Feb 2023With rapid development in agriculture and industry, water polluted with heavy metallic ions has come to be a serious problem. Adsorption-based methods are simple,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
With rapid development in agriculture and industry, water polluted with heavy metallic ions has come to be a serious problem. Adsorption-based methods are simple, efficient, and broadly used to eliminate heavy metals. Conventional adsorption materials have the problems of secondary environmental contamination. Hydrogels are considered effective adsorbents, and those prepared from biopolymers are biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, safe to handle, and increasingly used to adsorb heavy metal ions.
AIM OF REVIEW
The natural origin and easy degradability of biopolymer hydrogels make them potential for development in environmental remediation. Its water absorption capacity enables it to efficiently adsorb various pollutants in the aqueous environment, and its internal pore channels increase the specific surface area for adsorption, which can provide abundant active binding sites for heavy metal ions through chemical modification.
KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPT OF REVIEW
As the most representative of biopolymer hydrogels, polysaccharide-based hydrogels are diverse, physically and chemically stable, and can undergo complex chemical modifications to enhance their performance, thus exhibiting superior ability to remove contaminants. This review summarizes the preparation methods of hydrogels, followed by a discussion of the main categories and applications of polysaccharide-based biopolymer hydrogels.
Topics: Adsorption; Hydrogels; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Metals, Heavy; Biopolymers; Polysaccharides; Ions; Water
PubMed: 36725194
DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.04.005