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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2023Cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases and affects a large proportion of the population worldwide. Conventional treatments in the management include chemotherapy,... (Review)
Review
Cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases and affects a large proportion of the population worldwide. Conventional treatments in the management include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Although being well-accepted, they have many lacunas in the form of severe side effect resulting from lack of targeted delivery. Antibody biopolymer conjugates are a novel method which is an add-on to older methods of immunization. It is used in various diseases and disorders. It ensures the targeted delivery of molecules to increase its efficacy and reduce unwanted effects of the molecule/drug to normal cells. It shows miraculous results in the treatment and management of several cancers even in advanced stages. Herein, we present the chemistry between biopolymer and antibody, their effects on cancer as well as the basic differences between antibody-drug conjugates and antibody-biopolymer conjugates.
Topics: Humans; Antibodies; Neoplasms; Medical Oncology; Immunoconjugates; Biopolymers; Antineoplastic Agents
PubMed: 36985578
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062605 -
Advances in Biochemical... 2019Biopolymer-based composite materials have many potential applications in biomedical, pharmaceutical, environmental, biocatalytic, and bioelectronic fields, owing to... (Review)
Review
Biopolymer-based composite materials have many potential applications in biomedical, pharmaceutical, environmental, biocatalytic, and bioelectronic fields, owing to their inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability. When used as solvents, ionic liquids can be used to fabricate biopolymers such as polysaccharides and proteins into various forms, including molded shapes, films, fibers, and beads. This article summarizes the processes for preparing biopolymer-based composite materials using ionic liquids. The processes include biopolymer dissolution using ionic liquids, regeneration of the biopolymer by an anti-solvent, formation of shapes, and drying of the regenerated biopolymer. In particular, the preparation and applications of biopolymer blend-based composite materials containing two or more biopolymers are addressed.
Topics: Biopolymers; Ionic Liquids; Solvents
PubMed: 30242432
DOI: 10.1007/10_2018_78 -
Trends in Biotechnology May 2021Traditional hydrogels are strong candidates for biomedical applications; however, they may suffer from drawbacks such as weak mechanics, static properties, and an... (Review)
Review
Traditional hydrogels are strong candidates for biomedical applications; however, they may suffer from drawbacks such as weak mechanics, static properties, and an inability to fully replicate aspects of the cellular microenvironment. These challenges can be addressed through the incorporation of second networks to form interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels. The objective of this review is to establish clear trends on the enhanced functionality achieved by incorporating secondary networks into traditional, biopolymer-based hydrogels. These include mechanical reinforcement, 'smart' systems that respond to external stimuli, and the ability to tune cell-material interactions. Through attention to network structure and chemistry, IPN hydrogels may advance to meet challenging criteria for a wide range of biomedical fields.
Topics: Biomedical Technology; Biopolymers; Hydrogels
PubMed: 32950262
DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.08.007 -
Chemosphere Dec 2021Apple pomace, the residue which is left out after processing of apple serves as a potential carbon source for the production of biopolymer, PHA (poly-hydroxyalkanoates).... (Review)
Review
Apple pomace, the residue which is left out after processing of apple serves as a potential carbon source for the production of biopolymer, PHA (poly-hydroxyalkanoates). It is rich in carbohydrates, fibers and polyphenols. Utilization of these waste resources has dual societal benefit-waste management and conversion of waste to an eco-friendly biopolymer. This will lower the overall economics of the process. A major limitation for the commercialization of biopolymer in comparison with petroleum derived polymer is the high cost. This article gives an overview of valorization of apple pomace for the production of biopolymer, various strategies adopted, limitations as well as future perspectives.
Topics: Biopolymers; Carbon; Industrial Waste; Malus; Polyhydroxyalkanoates
PubMed: 34323796
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131427 -
Journal of Materials Chemistry. B Mar 2022The growing environmental concerns and increasing demand for eco-friendly materials have obliged researchers worldwide to explore naturally occurring biopolymers for... (Review)
Review
The growing environmental concerns and increasing demand for eco-friendly materials have obliged researchers worldwide to explore naturally occurring biopolymers for potential applications in various fields. Cellulose is a renewable, biocompatible, non-toxic, and biodegradable biopolymer present in almost every plant cell wall. The hydrogels prepared from cellulose and its derivatives are appealing biomaterials for multidisciplinary fields due to their excellent properties. Hydrogels are crosslinked macromolecular networks capable of absorbing and releasing a substantial amount of water and other fluids. The high absorption efficiency and stimuli responsiveness of cellulose-based hydrogels have attracted significant attention in biomedical, agriculture, and flexible electronic fields. This is a comprehensive review of the synthesis and design of cellulose-based hydrogels and their structures, physicochemical properties, and applications in diverse areas. This review will be helpful for readers to understand cellulose and its functionalities to carry out further research and explore new applications as biomaterials.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Biopolymers; Cellulose; Hydrogels; Water
PubMed: 35226030
DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02848k -
Small (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Mar 2020Biopolymers are macromolecules that are derived from natural sources and have attractive properties for a plethora of biomedical applications due to their... (Review)
Review
Biopolymers are macromolecules that are derived from natural sources and have attractive properties for a plethora of biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, low antigenicity, and high bioactivity. Microfluidics has emerged as a powerful approach for fabricating polymeric microparticles (MPs) with designed structures and compositions through precise manipulation of multiphasic flows at the microscale. The synergistic combination of materials chemistry afforded by biopolymers and precision provided by microfluidic capabilities make it possible to design engineered biopolymer-based MPs with well-defined physicochemical properties that are capable of enabling an efficient delivery of therapeutics, 3D culture of cells, and sensing of biomolecules. Here, an overview of microfluidic approaches is provided for the design and fabrication of functional MPs from three classes of biopolymers including polysaccharides, proteins, and microbial polymers, and their advances for biomedical applications are highlighted. An outlook into the future research on microfluidically-produced biopolymer MPs for biomedical applications is also provided.
Topics: Biomedical Technology; Biopolymers; Microfluidics; Therapeutics
PubMed: 31559690
DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903736 -
International Journal of Cosmetic... Dec 2023The term biopolymer refers to materials obtained by chemically modifying natural biological substances or producing them through biotechnological processes. They are... (Review)
Review
The term biopolymer refers to materials obtained by chemically modifying natural biological substances or producing them through biotechnological processes. They are biodegradable, biocompatible and non-toxic. Due to these advantages, biopolymers have wide applications in conventional cosmetics and new trends and have emerged as essential ingredients that function as rheological modifiers, emulsifiers, film-formers, moisturizers, hydrators, antimicrobials and, more recently, materials with metabolic activity on skin. Developing approaches that exploit these features is a challenge for formulating skin, hair and oral care products and dermatological formulations. This article presents an overview of the use of the principal biopolymers used in cosmetic formulations and describes their sources, recently derived structures, novel applications and safety aspects of the use of these molecules.
Topics: Cosmetics; Biopolymers; Emulsifying Agents
PubMed: 37402111
DOI: 10.1111/ics.12880 -
Journal of Biomaterials Applications Jul 2023Due to the growing importance of green chemistry, the search for alternatives to cellulose has begun, leading to the rediscovery of bacterial cellulose (BC). The... (Review)
Review
Due to the growing importance of green chemistry, the search for alternatives to cellulose has begun, leading to the rediscovery of bacterial cellulose (BC). The material is produced by Gluconacetobacter and Acetobacter bacteria, mainly Komagataeibacter xylinus. It is a pure biopolymer, without lignin or hemicellulose, forming a three-dimensional mesh, showing much lower organization than its plant counterpart. Thanks to its design, it has proven itself in completely unprecedented applications - especially in the field of biomedical sciences. Coming in countless forms, it has found use in applications such as wound dressings, drug delivery systems, or tissue engineering. The review article focuses on discussing the main structural differences between plant and bacterial cellulose, methods of bacterial cellulose synthesis, and the latest trends in BC applications in biomedical sciences.
Topics: Cellulose; Bacteria; Biopolymers; Tissue Engineering; Acetobacter
PubMed: 37321600
DOI: 10.1177/08853282231184734 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Jun 2018Biopolymer aerogels were among the first aerogels produced, but only in the last decade has research on biopolymer and biopolymer-composite aerogels become popular,... (Review)
Review
Biopolymer aerogels were among the first aerogels produced, but only in the last decade has research on biopolymer and biopolymer-composite aerogels become popular, motivated by sustainability arguments, their unique and tunable properties, and ease of functionalization. Biopolymer aerogels and open-cell foams have great potential for classical aerogel applications such as thermal insulation, as well as emerging applications in filtration, oil-water separation, CO capture, catalysis, and medicine. The biopolymer aerogel field today is driven forward by empirical materials discovery at the laboratory scale, but requires a firmer theoretical basis and pilot studies to close the gap to market. This Review includes a database with over 3800 biopolymer aerogel properties, evaluates the state of the biopolymer aerogel field, and critically discusses the scientific, technological, and commercial barriers to the commercialization of these exciting materials.
Topics: Biopolymers; Databases, Chemical; Gels
PubMed: 29316086
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709014 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2022Petroleum-based plastics can be found everywhere in our habitual life in diverse applications such as automobiles, aerospace, and medical science [...].
Petroleum-based plastics can be found everywhere in our habitual life in diverse applications such as automobiles, aerospace, and medical science [...].
Topics: Biopolymers; Humans; Petroleum; Plastics
PubMed: 35216374
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042257