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Scientific Reports Jun 2023Calcium silicate-based materials are used to block the communication between the root canal and the periodontal ligament space. This brings the materials into contact...
Calcium silicate-based materials are used to block the communication between the root canal and the periodontal ligament space. This brings the materials into contact with tissues and the potential for local and systemic elemental release and movement. The aim of the study was to evaluate the elemental release of bismuth from ProRoot MTA in contact with connective tissues after 30 and 180 days as well as any accumulation in peripheral organs using an animal model. Tricalcium silicate and hydroxyapatite containing 20% bismuth oxide (HAp-Bi) were used as controls. The null hypothesis was that bismuth migrates from tricalcium silicate-based materials when associated with silicon. The materials were examined using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction prior to implantation as well as using SEM/EDS, micro X-ray fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy after implantation to assess elemental presence in surrounding tissues. Histological analysis was used to evaluate the changes in tissue architecture and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to investigate the elemental deposition. For the systemic investigation, routine blood analysis was performed and organs were obtained to evaluate the presence of bismuth and silicon using ICP-MS after acid digestion. In the histological analysis of the implantation sites, macrophages and multinucleated giant cells could be observed after 30 days which after 180 days became a chronic infiltrate; although, no major differences were identified in red and white blood cell analyses and biochemical tests. Implantation altered the materials as observed in the Raman analysis and bismuth was detected both locally and within kidney samples after both periods of analysis, indicating the potential for accumulation of bismuth in this organ. Smaller amounts of bismuth than observed in the kidney were also detected in blood, liver and brain for the ProRoot MTA and HAp-Bi after 180 days. Bismuth was released from the ProRoot MTA locally and was detected systemically and in samples without silicon; thus, the null hypothesis was rejected. The bismuth release demonstrated that this element accumulated both locally and systemically, mainly in the kidneys in comparison with brain and liver regardless of the material base.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Oxides; Rats, Wistar; Silicon; Bismuth; Materials Testing; Calcium Compounds; Silicates; Drug Combinations; Aluminum Compounds; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
PubMed: 37322106
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36690-4 -
World Journal of Microbiology &... May 2023Bismuth (Bi) combinations have been utilized for the treatment of bacterial infections. In addition, these metal compounds are most frequently utilized for treating... (Review)
Review
Bismuth (Bi) combinations have been utilized for the treatment of bacterial infections. In addition, these metal compounds are most frequently utilized for treating gastrointestinal diseases. Usually, Bi is found as bismuthinite (Bi sulfide), bismite (Bi oxide), and bismuthite (Bi carbonate). Newly, Bi nanoparticles (BiNP) were produced for CT imaging or photothermal treatment and nanocarriers for medicine transfer. Further benefits, such as increased biocompatibility and specific surface area, are also seen in regular-size BiNPs. Low toxicity and ecologically favorable attributes have generated interest in BiNPs for biomedical approaches. Moreover, BiNPs offer an option for treating multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria because they communicate directly with the bacterial cell wall, induce adaptive and inherent immune reactions, generate reactive oxygen compounds, limit biofilm production, and stimulate intracellular impacts. In addition, BiNPs in amalgamation with X-ray therapy as well as have the capability to treat MDR bacteria. BiNPs as photothermal agents can realize the actual antibacterial through continuous efforts of investigators in the near future. In this article, we summarized the properties of BiNPs, and different preparation methods, also reviewed the latest advances in the BiNPs' performance and their therapeutic effects on various bacterial infections, such as Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli.
Topics: Humans; Bismuth; Nanoparticles; Staphylococcal Infections; Bacteria; Escherichia coli; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Metal Nanoparticles
PubMed: 37156882
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03629-w -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2022Both type II and Z schemes can explain the charge transfer behavior of the heterojunction structure well, but the type of heterojunction structure formed between bismuth...
Both type II and Z schemes can explain the charge transfer behavior of the heterojunction structure well, but the type of heterojunction structure formed between bismuth vanadium oxide and carbon nitride still has not been clarified. Herein, we rationally prepared bismuth vanadium oxide with {010} and {012} facets predominantly and carbon nitride as a decoration to construct a core-shell structure with bismuth vanadium oxide wrapped in carbon nitride to ensure the same photocatalytic reaction interface. Through energy band establishment and radical species investigation, both {010} and {012} facets dominated bismuth vanadium oxide/carbon nitride composites exhibit the type II heterojunction structures rather than the Z-scheme heterojunctions. Furthermore, to investigate the effect of type II heterojunction, the photocatalytic tetracycline degradations were performed, finding that {010} facets dominated bismuth vanadium oxide/carbon nitride composite demonstrated the higher degradation efficiency than that of {012} facets, due to the higher conduction band energy. Additionally, through the free radical trapping experiments and intermediate detection of degradation products, the superoxide radical was proven to be the main active radical to decompose the tetracycline molecules. Therein, the tetracycline molecules were degraded to water and carbon dioxide by dihydroxylation-demethylation-ring opening reactions. This work investigates the effect of crystal planes on heterojunction types through two different exposed crystal planes of bismuth vanadate oxide, which can provide some basic research and theoretical support for the progressive and controlled synthesis of photocatalysts with heterojunction structures.
Topics: Bismuth; Vanadium; Photochemical Processes; Catalysis; Light; Tetracycline; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Oxides
PubMed: 36429488
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214770 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2022In this work, a novel method of solid sample pretreatment technique of bismuth fire assay (Bi-FA) combined with solid sample determination by laser ablation ICP-MS...
In this work, a novel method of solid sample pretreatment technique of bismuth fire assay (Bi-FA) combined with solid sample determination by laser ablation ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS) was reported for the determination of ultra-trace Pt and Pd in geochemical samples. Bismuth oxide (BiO) was used as fire assay collector to directly enrich Pt and Pd from solid samples, and Ag protection cupellation was employed to generate Ag granules. After cleaning, weighing and annealing, the Ag granules were compressed into thin slices and determined by LA-ICP-MS for Pt, Pd and Ag (Ag was selected as the internal standard isotope). BiO provided exceptionally low blanks compared to nickel oxide and lead oxide commonly employed in fire assay procedures, and could be applied directly without purification. Different from traditional empirical coefficient method, the Chinese Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) for Pt and Pd were treated by the same procedure to obtain completely matrix matched Ag slices. And then modified empirical coefficient method and internal standard calibration strategy was used to reduce the instability of LA-ICP-MS, and random multipoint laser ablation was employed to further reduce analytical variation resulting from heterogeneity of Pt and Pd in the Ag slice. Under optimal conditions, excellent calibration curves for Pt and Pd were obtained (0.407-2958 μg g and 0.407-2636 μg g, respectively), with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.9996. The method detection limits for Pt and Pd were 0.074 and 0.037 ng g, respectively. The established method was applied successfully to analysis of real geochemical samples, with determined values in good agreement with the results of traditional Pb-FA graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS), and spiked recoveries between 87.8 and 125.0%.
Topics: Bismuth; Calibration; Fires; Laser Therapy; Spectrophotometry, Atomic
PubMed: 35798827
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15881-5 -
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Aug 19961. The pharmacokinetics of bismuth and ranitidine derived from oral doses of ranitidine bismuth citrate 800 mg given twice daily for 28 days were examined in this... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
1. The pharmacokinetics of bismuth and ranitidine derived from oral doses of ranitidine bismuth citrate 800 mg given twice daily for 28 days were examined in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study in 27 healthy subjects. 2. Bismuth accumulation in plasma reflected its multicompartmental disposition, achieving the majority of predicted steady state within 14-28 days. Bismuth absorption from ranitidine bismuth citrate is limited (< 0.5% of the dose), and bismuth elimination is predominantly renal secretion. Peak plasma concentrations did not exceed 19 ng ml-1, remaining well below those associated with bismuth toxicity. Bismuth was measurable at low concentrations in plasma and urine for up to 5 months after the last dose. Plasma bismuth concentration-time data and urinary excretion data were best described by separate multicompartmental models, with terminal half-lives averaging 21 days and 45 days, respectively. 3. The pharmacokinetics of ranitidine derived from ranitidine bismuth citrate were similar to those of ranitidine administered alone. Ranitidine did not appreciably accumulate in plasma. 4. Ranitidine bismuth citrate was well-tolerated during 28 days of repeated dosing.
Topics: Adult; Area Under Curve; Bismuth; Half-Life; Histamine H2 Antagonists; Humans; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; Ranitidine
PubMed: 8864319
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.1996.39310.x -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Apr 2019() antimicrobial resistance is an urgent, global issue. In 2017, the World Health Organization designated clarithromycin-resistant as a high priority bacterium for... (Review)
Review
() antimicrobial resistance is an urgent, global issue. In 2017, the World Health Organization designated clarithromycin-resistant as a high priority bacterium for antibiotic research and development. In addition to clarithromycin, resistance to metronidazole and fluoroquinolones has also increased worldwide. Recent international guidelines for management of infection recommend bismuth or non-bismuth quadruple therapy for 14 d as a first-line treatment for in areas of high clarithromycin and/or metronidazole resistance. Although these treatment regimens provide acceptable eradication rates, the regimens used should not contribute to future resistance of to antimicrobials. Moreover, these regimens can promote resistance, due to prolonged therapy with multiple antibiotics. A new strategy that can eradicate as well as reduce the antibiotics used is required to prevent future antimicrobial resistance in . Dual-therapy with vonoprazan and amoxicillin could be a breakthrough for eradication in an era of growing antimicrobial resistance. This regimen may provide a satisfactory eradication rate of and also minimize antimicrobial resistance due to single antibiotic use and the strong inhibitory effect of vonoprazan on gastric acid secretion.
Topics: Amoxicillin; Antacids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bismuth; Disease Eradication; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Pyrroles; Sulfonamides; Time Factors
PubMed: 31086459
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i16.1907 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2024Bismuth compounds are considered relatively non-toxic, with their low solubility in aqueous solutions (e.g., biological fluids) being the major contributing factor to... (Review)
Review
Bismuth compounds are considered relatively non-toxic, with their low solubility in aqueous solutions (e.g., biological fluids) being the major contributing factor to this property. Bismuth derivatives are widely used for the treatment of peptic ulcers, functional dyspepsia, and chronic gastritis. Moreover, the properties of bismuth compounds have also been extensively explored in two main fields of action: antimicrobial and anticancer. Despite the clinical interest of bismuth-based drugs, several side effects have also been reported. In fact, excessive acute ingestion of bismuth, or abuse for an extended period of time, can lead to toxicity. However, evidence has demonstrated that the discontinuation of these compounds usually reverses their toxic effects. Notwithstanding, the continuously growing use of bismuth products suggests that it is indeed part of our environment and our daily lives, which urges a more in-depth review and investigation into its possible undesired activities. Therefore, this review aims to update the pharmaco-toxicological properties of bismuth compounds. A special focus will be given to in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies exploring their toxicity.
Topics: Humans; Bismuth; Peptic Ulcer; Organometallic Compounds
PubMed: 38338879
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031600 -
Journal of the American Chemical Society Sep 2020The first bioinspired microporous metal-organic framework (MOF) synthesized using ellagic acid, a common natural antioxidant and polyphenol building unit, is presented....
The first bioinspired microporous metal-organic framework (MOF) synthesized using ellagic acid, a common natural antioxidant and polyphenol building unit, is presented. BiO(HO)(CHO)·HO (SU-101) was inspired by bismuth phenolate metallodrugs, and could be synthesized entirely from nonhazardous or edible reagents under ambient aqueous conditions, enabling simple scale-up. Reagent-grade and affordable dietary supplement-grade ellagic acid was sourced from tree bark and pomegranate hulls, respectively. Biocompatibility and colloidal stability were confirmed by in vitro assays. The material exhibits remarkable chemical stability for a bioinspired MOF (pH = 2-14, hydrothermal conditions, heated organic solvents, biological media, SO and HS), attributed to the strongly chelating phenolates. A total HS uptake of 15.95 mmol g was recorded, representing one of the highest HS capacities for a MOF, where polysulfides are formed inside the pores of the material. Phenolic phytochemicals remain largely unexplored as linkers for MOF synthesis, opening new avenues to design stable, eco-friendly, scalable, and low-cost MOFs for diverse applications, including drug delivery.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Bismuth; Density Functional Theory; Ellagic Acid; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Molecular Structure
PubMed: 32894014
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07525 -
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Apr 1997Bismuth salts have been used in medicine for over three centuries, particularly in the treatment of dyspepsia. Commonly used agents include colloidal bismuth subcitrate... (Review)
Review
Bismuth salts have been used in medicine for over three centuries, particularly in the treatment of dyspepsia. Commonly used agents include colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS), bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) and the newer ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC). These are safe drugs which exert local effects on the gastroduodenal mucosa. Gastric mucosal levels of bismuth exceed the concentrations required to kill Helicobacter pylori in vitro. The mechanisms of actions of bismuth on gastrointestinal pathogens including H. pylori are complex and include inhibition of protein and cell wall synthesis, membrane function and ATP synthesis. Adherence of H. pylori to surface epithelial cells is also impaired. Bismuth monotherapy is effective in vivo to suppress H. pylori but cure rates are low. CBS, BSS and RBC have synergistic activity with one or two antibiotics and are effective in eradicating H. pylori. CBS and RBC also exert other effects on the mucosa including cytoprotective and ulcer healing properties. In addition, RBC is effective in inhibiting gastric acid secretion.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bismuth; Drug Synergism; Duodenum; Gastric Acid; Gastric Mucosa; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Histamine H2 Antagonists; Humans; Organometallic Compounds; Ranitidine; Salicylates; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 9146788
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.11.s1.13.x -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2023Bismuth oxides were synthesized from bismuth carbonate using the sol-gel method. Studies have described the formation of BiO, as a precursor of HNO dissolution, and...
Bismuth oxides were synthesized from bismuth carbonate using the sol-gel method. Studies have described the formation of BiO, as a precursor of HNO dissolution, and intermediate oxides, such as BiO when using HSO and HPO. The average size of the crystallite calculated from Scherrer's formula ranged from 9 to 19 nm, according to X-ray diffraction. The FTIR analysis showed the presence of specific BiO bands when using HNO and of crystalline phases of "bismuth oxide sulphate" when using HSO and "bismuth phosphate" when using HPO. The TG curves showed major mass losses and specific thermal effects, delimited in four temperature zones for materials synthesized with HNO (with loss of mass between 24% and 50%) and HSO (with loss of mass between 45% and 76%), and in three temperature zones for materials synthesized with HPO (with loss of mass between 13% and 43%). Further, the thermal stability indicates that materials have been improved by the addition of a polymer or polymer and carbon. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed decreased roughness in the series, [BiO] > [BiO-6% PVA] > [BiO-C-6% PVA], and increased roughness for materials [BiO], [BiO-6% PVA], [BiO-C-6% PVA], [BiO], [BiO-6% PVA] and [BiO-C-6% PVA]. The morphological analysis (electronic scanning microscopy) of the synthesized materials showed a wide variety of forms: overlapping nanoplates ([BiO] or [BiO]), clusters of angular forms ([BiO-6% PVA]), pillars ([BiO-6% PVA]-Au), needle particles ([BiO-Au], [BiO-6% PVA]-Au, [BiO-C-6% PVA]-Au), spherical particles ([BiO-C-6% PVA]-Pt), 2D plates ([BiO]-Pt) and 3D nanometric plates ([BiOy-C-6% PVA]-Au). For materials obtained in the first synthesis stage, antimicrobial activity increased in the series [BiO] > [BiO] > [BiO]. For materials synthesized in the second synthesis stage, when polymer (polyvinyl alcohol, PVA) was added, maximum antimicrobial activity, regardless of the microbial species tested, was present in the material [BiO-6% PVA]. For the materials synthesized in the third stage, to which graphite and 6% PVA were added, the best antimicrobial activity was in the material [BiO-C-6% PVA]. Materials synthesized and doped with metal ions (gold or platinum) showed significant antimicrobial activity for the tested microbial species.
Topics: Bismuth; Gold; Platinum; Oxides; Nanostructures; Polymers
PubMed: 37685981
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713173