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Annals of Oncology : Official Journal... Sep 2017Diagnostic imaging plays a critical role in the initial diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Over the past decade, the concept of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Diagnostic imaging plays a critical role in the initial diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Over the past decade, the concept of 'borderline resectable' pancreatic cancer has emerged to describe a distinct subset of patients existing along the spectrum from resectable to locally advanced disease for whom a microscopically margin-positive (R1) resection is considered relatively more likely, primarily due to the relationship of the primary tumor with surrounding vasculature.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This review traces the conceptual evolution of borderline resectability from a radiological perspective, including the debates over the key imaging criteria that define the thresholds between resectable, borderline resectable, and locally advanced or metastatic disease. This review also addresses the data supporting neoadjuvant therapy in this population and discusses current imaging practices before and during treatment.
RESULTS
A growing body of evidence suggests that the borderline resectable group of patients may particularly benefit from neoadjuvant therapy to increase the likelihood of an ultimately margin-negative (R0) resection. Unfortunately, anatomic and imaging criteria to define borderline resectability are not yet universally agreed upon, with several classification systems proposed in the literature and considerable variance in institution-by-institution practice. As a result of this lack of consensus, as well as overall small patient numbers and lack of established clinical trials dedicated to borderline resectable patients, accurate evidence-based diagnostic categorization and treatment selection for this subset of patients remains a significant challenge.
CONCLUSIONS
Clinicians and radiologists alike should be cognizant of evolving imaging criteria for borderline resectability given their profound implications for treatment strategy, follow-up recommendations, and prognosis.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Humans; Margins of Excision; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pancreatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 28407088
DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx180 -
Journal of Geriatric Cardiology : JGC Jul 2022The cardiovascular hazards of total homocysteine (tHcy) are long known. In addition, despite the acknowledgment on the importance of low ankle-brachial index (ABI) (<...
BACKGROUND
The cardiovascular hazards of total homocysteine (tHcy) are long known. In addition, despite the acknowledgment on the importance of low ankle-brachial index (ABI) (< 0.9), borderline ABI (0.91-0.99) was once commonly overlooked. This study aims to explore the independent and joint effect of tHcy level and borderline ABI on all-cause death in hypertensive population.
METHODS
This study included 10,538 participants from China H-type Hypertension Registry Study. ABI was described into two groups: normal ABI (1.00-1.40) and borderline ABI. tHcy level was also divided into two groups: < 15.02 and ≥ 15.02 μmo/L. Four groups were analyzed, using COX proportional hazard regression model, separately and pairwise to observe the independent and joint effect on all-cause death.
RESULTS
A total of 126 (1.2%) deaths were observed in the 1.7 years follow-up time. Borderline ABI has a higher predicted risk of death than normal ABI (HR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.17-3.00) after adjusting for potential covariates. Compare with tHcy level < 15.02 μmo/L (low tHcy), those with tHcy ≥ 15.02 μmo/L (high tHcy) had higher risk to event outcome (HR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.30-3.05). According to the cumulative hazard curve, group with borderline ABI and high tHcy level has significantly higher altitude and larger increasing rate over follow-up period compare to other groups. Among those with borderline ABI, participants with high tHcy had higher death risk than those with low tHcy, nevertheless, no significant different between borderline and normal ABI among those with low tHcy levels.
CONCLUSIONS
Borderline ABI and tHcy level both have independent predictive value on all-cause death. The combined group of borderline ABI and high tHcy has highest risk factor of outcomes, which suggested the mutual additive value of borderline ABI and tHcy. More attention should be given to the importance of borderline ABI in hypertensive population, especially with elevated tHcy level.
PubMed: 35975022
DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2022.07.008 -
BMC Psychiatry Apr 2023Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is common among adolescents and has been linked to mental disorders and suicide in addition to physical injuries. According to the...
OBJECTIVE
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is common among adolescents and has been linked to mental disorders and suicide in addition to physical injuries. According to the empirical avoidance model, adolescents with NSSI have stronger emotional affect and poorer emotional regulation than those without NSSI, and these constitute core features of borderline personality disorder (BPD). The relationship between borderline personality features, emotional regulation, and NSSI in the population is unclear. This study explored these associations to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of NSSI in the future.
METHODS
Depressed adolescents (n = 1192) were evaluated using Chinese versions of the Function Assessment of Self-mutilation Scale, Emotional Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents, and Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children.
RESULTS
The majority of depressed adolescents (71.3%, 850/1192) had demonstrated NSSI in the past year, with cutting or scratching being the most common form (57.4%). Pearson correlation analysis with NSSI as a fixed factor (NSSI = 1, no NSSI = 2) revealed a negative correlation between NSSI and borderline personality features (r = -0.314, P < 0.01) but a positive correlation between NSSI and emotional regulation capacity (r = 0.159, P < 0.01), which was positively correlated with the expression suppression dimension (r = 0.079, p < 0.01); however, there was no significant correlation between the cognitive reappraisal dimension and expression suppression (r = 0.022, p > 0.05). The occurrence of NSSI was also positively correlated with borderline personality features in general (r = 0.314, p < 0.01). These results were statistically significant. Emotional regulation played a mediating role between borderline personality traits and NSSI in adolescents with depression (effect value = 0.151).
CONCLUSION
Borderline personality features and emotional regulation ability were significantly correlated with NSSI in depressed adolescents. Borderline personality symptoms not only directly influenced NSSI risk in adolescents with depression, but also indirectly influenced NSSI risk through emotional regulation.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Emotional Regulation; Cross-Sectional Studies; Self-Injurious Behavior; Suicide; Borderline Personality Disorder; Personality
PubMed: 37118709
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04800-1 -
Comprehensive Psychiatry Feb 2022Psychotic features have been part of the description of the borderline personality disorder (BPD) ever since the concept "borderline" was introduced. However, there is...
BACKGROUND
Psychotic features have been part of the description of the borderline personality disorder (BPD) ever since the concept "borderline" was introduced. However, there is still much to learn about the presence and characteristics of delusions and about the stability of both hallucinations and delusions in patients with BPD.
METHODS
A follow-up study was conducted in 326 BPD outpatients (median time between baseline and follow-up = 3.16 years). Data were collected via telephone (n = 267) and face-to-face interviews (n = 60) including the Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History interview, Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale and the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale.
RESULTS
The point prevalence of delusions was 26%, with a median strong delusion conviction. For the group as a whole, the presence and severity of both hallucinations and delusions was found to be stable at follow-up. Participants with persistent hallucinations experienced more comorbid psychiatric disorders, and they differed from those with intermittent or sporadic hallucinations with their hallucinations being characterized by a higher frequency, causing a higher intensity of distress and more disruption in daytime or social activities.
CONCLUSIONS
Delusions in patients with BPD occur frequently and cause distress. Contrary to tenacious beliefs, hallucinations and delusions in participants with BPD are often present in an intermittent or persistent pattern. Persistent hallucinations can be severe, causing disruption of life. Overall, we advise to refrain from terms such as "pseudo", or assume transience when encountering psychotic phenomena in patients with BPD, but rather to carefully assess these experiences and initiate a tailor-made treatment plan.
Topics: Borderline Personality Disorder; Delusions; Follow-Up Studies; Hallucinations; Humans; Psychotic Disorders
PubMed: 34959004
DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152290 -
Brain Sciences Nov 2018Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder characterized by pervasive affective instability, self-image disturbances, impulsivity, marked... (Review)
Review
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder characterized by pervasive affective instability, self-image disturbances, impulsivity, marked suicidality, and unstable interpersonal relationships as the core dimensions of psychopathology underlying the disorder. Across a wide range of situations, BPD causes significant impairments. Patients with BPD suffer considerable morbidity and mortality compared with other populations. Although BPD is more widely studied than any other personality disorder, it is not understood sufficiently. This paper briefly reviews the recent evidence on the prevalence, etiology, comorbidity, and treatment approaches of borderline personality disorder (BPD) by examining published studies, and aims to offer a more coherent framework for the understanding and management of borderline personality disorder.
PubMed: 30453675
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8110201 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Mar 2022The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) can be used as supplementary tools to...
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) can be used as supplementary tools to differentiate between benign, borderline, and malignant ovarian tumors. The ratio of patients with benign to borderline to malignant tumors was planned as 3:1:2 considering the incidence of each disease. Consecutive patients were enrolled retrospectively. Preoperative complete blood counts with differentials were investigated, and calculated NLRs and PLRs were analyzed. A total of 630 patients with ovarian tumors were enrolled in this study. The final histopathological results revealed that 318 patients had benign, 108 patients had epithelial borderline, and 204 patients had epithelial malignant ovarian tumors. The NLR and PLR were significantly higher in malignant than in benign or borderline ovarian tumors, and they did not differ significantly between benign and borderline ovarian tumors. The diagnostic cut-off value of NLR for differentiating between benign or borderline and malignant tumors was 2.36, whereas that of PLR for differentiating between benign/borderline and malignancy was 150.02. High preoperative NLR and PLR indicate that the likelihood of epithelial ovarian cancer is higher than that of benign or borderline tumors.
PubMed: 35268446
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051355 -
Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal... Feb 2020The purpose of this manuscript is to 1 define the features associated with borderline acetabular dysplasia and 2 review current status of diagnostic algorithms and... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The purpose of this manuscript is to 1 define the features associated with borderline acetabular dysplasia and 2 review current status of diagnostic algorithms and treatment options for borderline dysplasia.
RECENT FINDINGS
Acetabular dysplasia is a common cause of hip pain secondary to insufficient coverage of the femoral head by the bony acetabulum. Historical classification of acetabular dysplasia has utilized the lateral center edge angle (LCEA); values above 25° are normal and below 20° are considered pathologic. Borderline dysplasia describes hips with LCEA between 20 and 25; treatment of these patients is controversial. While many studies utilize LCEA in classification of borderline dysplasia, isolated reliance on measurement of lateral femoral head coverage to define severity of undercoverage will continue to mislabel morphology. Thorough assessment of the characteristics of mild acetabular undercoverage is necessary for future studies, which will allow effective comparisons of results between hip arthroscopy and periacetabular osteotomy.
PubMed: 32030604
DOI: 10.1007/s12178-020-09599-y -
Borderline Personality Disorder and Psychosis: A Case Managed by Transference-Focused Psychotherapy.Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) Oct 2022Transient stress-related paranoia is the descriptive definition of psychotic phenomena associated with borderline personality disorder. Although psychotic symptoms...
Transient stress-related paranoia is the descriptive definition of psychotic phenomena associated with borderline personality disorder. Although psychotic symptoms usually do not qualify patients for a separate diagnosis in the psychotic spectrum, statistical probabilities predict the co-occurrence of cases with comorbid borderline personality disorder and major psychotic disorder. This article presents three perspectives on a complex case of borderline personality disorder and psychotic disorder: one from a medication prescribing psychiatrist who is a transference-focused psychotherapist responsible for care, one from the anonymous patient, and one from a specialist in psychotic disorder. A discussion of clinical implications concludes this multidimensional presentation of borderline personality disorder and psychosis.
PubMed: 37200883
DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20220060 -
Psychiatry, Psychology, and Law : An... 2021The insanity defense has been criticized with consequences for individuals with real mental illness. In the United States, several states have redefined the insanity...
The insanity defense has been criticized with consequences for individuals with real mental illness. In the United States, several states have redefined the insanity defense by excluding antisocial personality disorder from consideration for the not guilty by reason of insanity plea. Four states have eliminated the insanity defense completely. The purpose of this article is to analyze the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder, its relevance in the courtroom setting, and how this speaks to the approach of the insanity defense in general. The history of the insanity defense, impulsive nature of borderline personality disorder, and the reasons that make personality disorders controversial are reviewed. The impulsive nature, and the association to childhood trauma, dissociation, and frontolimbic abnormalities support the continued protection of borderline personality disorder under the insanity defense. Knowledge of these facts will assist the forensic psychiatrist in effectively educating the courtroom about borderline personality disorder.
PubMed: 34712092
DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2020.1767718