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MBio May 2019encodes and expresses a flagellar apparatus. In contrast, , the causative agent of whooping cough, has historically been described as a nonmotile and nonflagellated...
encodes and expresses a flagellar apparatus. In contrast, , the causative agent of whooping cough, has historically been described as a nonmotile and nonflagellated organism. The previous statements that was a nonmotile organism were consistent with a stop codon located in the flagellar biosynthesis gene, , discovered when the Tohama I genome was sequenced and analyzed by Parkhill et al. in 2003 (J. Parkhill, M. Sebaihia, A. Preston, L. D. Murphy, et al., Nat Genet, 35:32-40, 2003, https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1227). The stop codon has subsequently been found in all annotated genomes. Parkhill et al. also showed, however, that contains all genetic material required for flagellar synthesis and function. We and others have determined by various transcriptomic analyses that these flagellar genes are differentially regulated under a variety of growth conditions. In light of these data, we tested for motility and found that both laboratory-adapted strains and clinical isolates can be motile. Upon isolation of motile , we discovered flagellum-like structures on the surface of the bacteria. motility appears to occur primarily in the Bvg(-) phase, consistent with regulation present in Motility can also be induced by the presence of fetal bovine serum. These observations demonstrate that can express flagellum-like structures, and although it remains to be determined if expresses flagella during infection or if motility and/or flagella play roles during the cycle of infection and transmission, it is clear that these data warrant further investigation. This report provides evidence for motility and expression of flagella by , a bacterium that has been reported as nonmotile since it was first isolated and studied. As with , cells can express and assemble a flagellum-like structure on their surface, which in other organisms has been implicated in several important processes that occur The discovery that is motile raises many questions, including those regarding the mechanisms of regulation for flagellar gene and protein expression and, importantly, the role of flagella during infection. This novel observation provides a foundation for further study of flagella and motility in the contexts of infection and transmission.
Topics: Bordetella bronchiseptica; Bordetella pertussis; Flagella; Flagellin; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Movement
PubMed: 31088927
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00787-19 -
FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology Jul 2003Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica are respiratory pathogens of humans and animals respectively. Unlike many bacteria, they are able to efficiently... (Review)
Review
Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica are respiratory pathogens of humans and animals respectively. Unlike many bacteria, they are able to efficiently colonise healthy ciliated respiratory mucosa. This characteristic of Bordetella spp. can potentially be exploited to develop efficient live vaccines and vectors for delivery of heterologous antigens to the respiratory tract. Here we review the progress in this area.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Vaccines; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Bordetella pertussis; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Immunity, Mucosal; Pertussis Vaccine; Respiratory System; Vaccines, Attenuated; Vaccines, Synthetic
PubMed: 12832115
DOI: 10.1016/S0928-8244(03)00068-3 -
Current Opinion in Microbiology Feb 2009Here we review the Bordetella virulence secretome with an emphasis on factors that translocate into target cells. Recent advances in understanding the functions of... (Review)
Review
Here we review the Bordetella virulence secretome with an emphasis on factors that translocate into target cells. Recent advances in understanding the functions of adenylate cyclase toxin, a type 1 secretion system (T1SS) substrate, and pertussis toxin, a type IV secretion system (T4SS) substrate, are briefly described and a compilation of additional secretion systems and secreted factors is provided. Particular attention is devoted to the Bsc type III secretion system (T3SS) and controversies surrounding it. Efforts to identify effector proteins, characterize in vitro and in vivo phenotypes, and the potential role of type III secretion during human infections are discussed.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Bordetella; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Membrane Transport Proteins; Protein Transport; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 19186097
DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2009.01.001 -
FEMS Microbiology Letters Jul 2022Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are promising tools in the development of novel vaccines against the respiratory pathogens Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella...
Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are promising tools in the development of novel vaccines against the respiratory pathogens Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica. Unfortunately, vesiculation by bordetellae is too low for cost-effective vaccine production. In other bacteria, iron limitation or inactivation of the fur gene has been shown to increase OMV production, presumably by downregulation of the mla genes, which encode machinery for maintenance of lipid asymmetry in the outer membrane. Here, we followed a similar approach in bordetellae. Whereas a fur mutant was readily obtained in B. bronchiseptica, a B. pertussis fur mutant could only be obtained in iron-deplete conditions, indicating that a fur mutation is conditionally lethal in this bacterium. The fur mutants displayed a growth defect in iron-replete media, presumably because constitutive expression of iron-uptake systems resulted in iron intoxication. Accordingly, expression of the Escherichia coli ferritin FtnA to sequester intracellularly accumulated iron rescued the growth of the mutants in these media. The fur mutations led to the constitutive expression of novel vaccine candidates, such as the TonB-dependent receptors FauA for the siderophore alcaligin and BhuR for heme. However, neither inactivation of fur nor growth under iron limitation improved vesiculation, presumably because the expression of the mla genes appeared unaffected.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Bordetella pertussis; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Iron; Siderophores
PubMed: 35700015
DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac047 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Aug 2021Bordetella avium, an aerobic bacterium that rarely causes infection in humans, is a species of Bordetella that generally inhabits the respiratory tracts of turkeys and...
BACKGROUND
Bordetella avium, an aerobic bacterium that rarely causes infection in humans, is a species of Bordetella that generally inhabits the respiratory tracts of turkeys and other birds. It causes a highly contagious bordetellosis. Few reports describe B. avium as a causative agent of eye-related infections.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report a case of acute infectious endophthalmitis associated with infection by B. avium after open trauma. After emergency vitrectomy and subsequent broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment, the infection was controlled successfully, and the patient's vision improved.
CONCLUSIONS
B. avium can cause infection in the human eye, which can manifest as acute purulent endophthalmitis. Nanopore targeted sequencing technology can quickly identify this organism. Emergency vitrectomy combined with lens removal and silicone oil tamponade and the early application of broad-spectrum antibiotics are key for successful treatment.
Topics: Bordetella; Bordetella avium; Cataract Extraction; Endophthalmitis; Humans; Vitrectomy
PubMed: 34412580
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06546-1 -
Biometals : An International Journal on... Feb 2009The bacterial respiratory pathogens Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica employ multiple alternative iron acquisition pathways to adapt to changes in the... (Review)
Review
The bacterial respiratory pathogens Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica employ multiple alternative iron acquisition pathways to adapt to changes in the mammalian host environment during infection. The alcaligin, enterobactin, and heme utilization pathways are differentially expressed in response to the cognate iron source availability by a mechanism involving substrate-inducible positive regulators. As inducers, the iron sources function as chemical signals termed ferrimones. Ferrimone-sensing allows the pathogen to adapt and exploit early and late events in the infection process.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Bordetella; Bordetella Infections; Enterobactin; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Heme; Humans; Hydroxamic Acids; Iron; Siderophores; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 19130264
DOI: 10.1007/s10534-008-9189-9 -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Apr 2005Bordetella respiratory infections are common in people (B. pertussis) and in animals (B. bronchiseptica). During the last two decades, much has been learned about the... (Review)
Review
Bordetella respiratory infections are common in people (B. pertussis) and in animals (B. bronchiseptica). During the last two decades, much has been learned about the virulence determinants, pathogenesis, and immunity of Bordetella. Clinically, the full spectrum of disease due to B. pertussis infection is now understood, and infections in adolescents and adults are recognized as the reservoir for cyclic outbreaks of disease. DTaP vaccines, which are less reactogenic than DTP vaccines, are now in general use in many developed countries, and it is expected that the expansion of their use to adolescents and adults will have a significant impact on reducing pertussis and perhaps decrease the circulation of B. pertussis. Future studies should seek to determine the cause of the unique cough which is associated with Bordetella respiratory infections. It is also hoped that data gathered from molecular Bordetella research will lead to a new generation of DTaP vaccines which provide greater efficacy than is provided by today's vaccines.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Bordetella; Bordetella Infections; Bordetella pertussis; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Humans; Mice; Molecular Epidemiology; Phylogeny; Respiratory Tract Infections; Virulence; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 15831828
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.18.2.326-382.2005 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Apr 2017Whooping cough is a re-emerging infection in the world and Latin America.
INTRODUCTION
Whooping cough is a re-emerging infection in the world and Latin America.
OBJECTIVE
It was considered relevant to investigate the clinical and epidemiological profile of Bordetella spp. and Bordetella pertussis infection in Córdoba province, Argentina; evaluating, at the same time, the co-infection with virus producing respiratory infections that may be confused with whooping cough.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
All whooping cough suspected cases were studied by Polimerase Chain Reaction, amplifying the repeated insertion sequence (IS) 481 and the promoter gene encoding pertussis toxin, between 2011 and 2013. The data were obtained from the clinical and epidemiological records.
RESULTS
From 2,588 whooping cough suspected cases, 11.59% was infected by Bordetella spp. and 9.16% was confirmed as Bordetella pertussis infection. The rate of infection was 7.22 and 1.84 per 100,000 for 2011 and 2012, respectively. The infection presented a seasonal tendency and it was mainly found on the group of children between 13 and 24 months old. The co-infection with virus producing respiratory infections, were uncommon. Paroxysmal cough, cyanosis and/or vomiting were predictors of the infection for Bordetella pertussis.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
To deal with the re-emergence of whooping cough is important the knowledge of the regional epidemiological situation. This paper shows the situation of these infections in the regional clinical and epidemiological context, and makes the information available for health decision-making.
Topics: Argentina; Bordetella; Bordetella pertussis; Child; Child, Preschool; Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 28632823
DOI: 10.4067/S0716-10182017000200002 -
Innate Immunity Aug 2014Endotoxin is recognized as one of the virulence factors of the Bordetella avium bird pathogen, and characterization of its structure and corresponding genomic features...
Endotoxin is recognized as one of the virulence factors of the Bordetella avium bird pathogen, and characterization of its structure and corresponding genomic features are important for an understanding of its role in pathogenicity and for an improved general knowledge of Bordetella spp virulence factors. The structure of the biologically active part of B. avium LPS, lipid A, is described and compared to those of another bird pathogen, opportunistic in humans, Bordetella hinzii, and to that of Bordetella trematum, a human pathogen. Sequence analyses showed that the three strains have homologues of acyl-chain modifying enzymes PagL, PagP and LpxO, of the 1-phosphatase LpxE, in addition to LgmA, LgmB and LgmC, which are required for the glucosamine modification. MALDI mass spectrometry identified a high amount of glucosamine substituting the phosphate groups of B. avium lipid A; this modification was absent from B. hinzii and B. trematum. The acylation patterns of the three lipid As were similar, but they differed from those of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis. They were also found to be close to the lipid A structure of Bordetella bronchiseptica, a mammalian pathogen, only differing from the latter by the degree of hydroxylation of the branched fatty acid.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Bordetella; Bordetella avium; Endotoxins; Fatty Acids; Genome, Bacterial; Glucosamine; Humans; Hydrolysis; Lipid A; Lipopolysaccharides; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphates
PubMed: 24127384
DOI: 10.1177/1753425913506950 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jan 2019This study aimed to validate a comprehensive diagnostic protocol based on real-time PCR for the rapid detection and identification of , , and , as well as its...
Validation and Implementation of a Diagnostic Algorithm for DNA Detection of Bordetella pertussis, B. parapertussis, and B. holmesii in a Pediatric Referral Hospital in Barcelona, Spain.
This study aimed to validate a comprehensive diagnostic protocol based on real-time PCR for the rapid detection and identification of , , and , as well as its implementation in the diagnostic routine of a reference children's hospital. The new algorithm included a triplex quantitative PCR (qPCR) targeting IS gene (in , , and some strains), pIS (-specific) and P as the human internal control. Two confirmatory singleplex tests for (-Pr) and (hIS) were performed if IS was positive. Analytical validation included determination of linear range, linearity, efficiency, precision, sensitivity, and a reference panel with clinical samples. Once validated, the new algorithm was prospectively implemented in children with clinical suspicion of whooping cough presenting to Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (Barcelona, Spain) over 12 months. Lower limits of detection obtained were 4.4, 13.9, and 27.3 genomic equivalents/ml of sample for IS (on ), pIS and hIS, and 777.9 for -Pr. qPCR efficiencies ranged from 86.0% to 96.9%. Intra- and interassay variabilities were <3% and <5%, respectively. Among 566 samples analyzed, , , and were detected in 11.1%, 0.9% (only in females >4 years old), and 0.2% of samples, respectively. The new algorithm proved to be a useful microbiological diagnostic tool for whooping cough, demonstrating a low rate of other non- species in our surveilled area.
Topics: Adolescent; Algorithms; Bacteriological Techniques; Bordetella; Bordetella Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; DNA, Bacterial; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Female; Genes, Bacterial; Hospitals, Pediatric; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Limit of Detection; Male; Nasopharynx; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Spain; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 30404946
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01231-18