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Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2021Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) are a cause for global concern due to their wide distribution and the wide range of benign and malignant diseases they are able to induce.... (Review)
Review
Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) are a cause for global concern due to their wide distribution and the wide range of benign and malignant diseases they are able to induce. Those lesions include cutaneous and upper digestive papillomas, multiple histological types of urinary bladder cancers-most often associated with BPV1 and BPV2-and squamous cell carcinomas of the upper digestive system, associated with BPV4. Clinical, epidemiological and experimental evidence shows that exposure to bracken fern ( spp.) and other related ferns plays an important role in allowing viral persistence and promoting the malignant transformation of early viral lesions. This carcinogenic potential has been attributed to bracken illudane glycoside compounds with immune suppressive and mutagenic properties, such as ptaquiloside. This review addresses the role of BPV in tumorigenesis and its interactions with bracken illudane glycosides. Current data indicates that inactivation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells by bracken fern illudanes plays a significant role in allowing viral persistence and lesion progression, while BPV drives unchecked cell proliferation and allows the accumulation of genetic damage caused by chemical mutagens. Despite limited progress in controlling bracken infestation in pasturelands, bracken toxins remain a threat to animal health. The number of recognized BPV types has steadily increased over the years and now reaches 24 genotypes with different pathogenic properties. It remains essential to widen the available knowledge concerning BPV and its synergistic interactions with bracken chemical carcinogens, in order to achieve satisfactory control of the livestock losses they induce worldwide.
PubMed: 34796228
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.758720 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Sep 2021In the last 40 years, novel viruses have evolved at a much faster pace than other pathogens. Viral diseases pose a significant threat to public health around the world.... (Review)
Review
In the last 40 years, novel viruses have evolved at a much faster pace than other pathogens. Viral diseases pose a significant threat to public health around the world. Bovines have a longstanding history of significant contributions to human nutrition, agricultural, industrial purposes, medical research, drug and vaccine development, and livelihood. The life cycle, genomic structures, viral proteins, and pathophysiology of bovine viruses studied in vitro paved the way for understanding the human counterparts. Calf model has been used for testing vaccines against RSV, papillomavirus vaccines and anti-HCV agents were principally developed after using the BPV and BVDV model, respectively. Some bovine viruses-based vaccines (BPIV-3 and bovine rotaviruses) were successfully developed, clinically tried, and commercially produced. Cows, immunized with HIV envelope glycoprotein, produced effective broadly neutralizing antibodies in their serum and colostrum against HIV. Here, we have summarized a few examples of human viral infections for which the use of bovines has contributed to the acquisition of new knowledge to improve human health against viral infections covering the convergence between some human and bovine viruses and using bovines as disease models. Additionally, the production of vaccines and drugs, bovine-based products were covered, and the precautions in dealing with bovines and bovine-based materials.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Viral; Cattle; Colostrum; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 34272669
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14941-z -
MBio Feb 2021An unusual feature of papillomaviruses is that their genomes are packaged into virions along with host histones. Viral minichromosomes were visualized as "beads on a...
An unusual feature of papillomaviruses is that their genomes are packaged into virions along with host histones. Viral minichromosomes were visualized as "beads on a string" by electron microscopy in the 1970s but, to date, little is known about the posttranslational modifications of these histones. To investigate this, we analyzed the histone modifications in HPV16/18 quasivirions, wart-derived bovine papillomavirus (BPV1), and wart-derived human papillomavirus type 1 (HPV1) using quantitative mass spectrometry. The chromatin from all three virion samples had abundant posttranslational modifications (acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation). These histone modifications were verified by acid urea polyacrylamide electrophoresis and immunoblot analysis. Compared to matched host cell controls, the virion minichromosome was enriched in histone modifications associated with active chromatin and depleted for those commonly found in repressed chromatin. We propose that the viral minichromosome acquires specific histone modifications late in infection that are coupled to the mechanisms of viral replication, late gene expression, and encapsidation. We predict that, in turn, these same modifications benefit early stages of infection by helping to evade detection, promoting localization of the viral chromosome to beneficial regions of the nucleus, and promoting early transcription and replication. A relatively unique feature of papillomaviruses is that the viral genome is associated with host histones inside the virion. However, little is known about the nature of the epigenome within papillomavirions or its biological relevance to the infectious viral cycle. Here, we define the epigenetic signature of the H3 and H4 histones from HPV16 virions generated in cell culture and native human papillomavirus type 1 (HPV1) and bovine papillomavirus 1 (BPV1) virions isolated from bovine and human wart tissue. We show that native virions are enriched in posttranslational modifications associated with active chromatin and depleted with those associated with repressed chromatin compared to cellular chromatin. Native virions were also enriched in the histone variant H3.3 compared to the canonical histone H3.1. We propose that the composition of virion-packaged chromatin reflects the late stages of the viral life cycle and promotes the early stages of infection by being primed for viral transcription.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Chromosomes; HEK293 Cells; Histone Code; Histones; Human papillomavirus 16; Human papillomavirus 18; Humans; Keratinocytes; Methylation; Papillomaviridae; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Virion; Virus Replication
PubMed: 33593981
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.03274-20 -
Molecular detection and genetic diversity of bovine papillomavirus in dairy cows in Xinjiang, China.Journal of Veterinary Science Jul 2021Bovine papillomatosis is a type of proliferative tumor disease of skin and mucosae caused by bovine papillomavirus (BPV). As a transboundary and emerging disease in...
BACKGROUND
Bovine papillomatosis is a type of proliferative tumor disease of skin and mucosae caused by bovine papillomavirus (BPV). As a transboundary and emerging disease in cattle, it poses a potential threat to the dairy industry.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to detect and clarify the genetic diversity of BPV circulating in dairy cows in Xinjiang, China.
METHODS
122 papilloma skin lesions from 8 intensive dairy farms located in different regions of Xinjiang, China were detected by polymerase chain reaction. The genetic evolution relationships of various types of BPVs were analyzed by examining this phylogenetic tree.
RESULTS
Ten genotypes of BPV (BPV1, BPV2, BPV3, BPV6, BPV7, BPV8, BPV10, BPV11, BPV13, and BPV14) were detected and identified in dairy cows. These were the first reported detections of BPV13 and BPV14 in Xinjiang, Mixed infections were detected, and there were geographical differences in the distribution of the BPV genotypes. Notably, the BPV infection rate among young cattle (< 1-year-old) developed from the same supply of frozen sperm was higher than that of the other young cows naturally raised under the same environmental conditions.
CONCLUSIONS
Genotyping based on the L1 gene of BPV showed that BPVs circulating in Xinjiang China displayed substantial genetic diversity. This study provided valuable data at the molecular epidemiology level, which is conducive to developing deep insights into the genetic diversity and pathogenic characteristics of BPVs in dairy cows.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dairying; Deltapapillomavirus; Female; Genetic Variation; Papillomavirus Infections
PubMed: 34170091
DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e50 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2020In contrast to the diverse studies on human papillomaviruses (HPVs), information on animal PVs associated with anogenital lesions is limited. In the animal kingdom,... (Review)
Review
In contrast to the diverse studies on human papillomaviruses (HPVs), information on animal PVs associated with anogenital lesions is limited. In the animal kingdom, papillomas occur more commonly in cattle than in any other animals, and diverse types of papillomaviruses (BPVs) exist, including the very recently discovered BPV type 29 (BPV29). From this perspective, we will review previous studies describing PV types associated with anogenitals in animals, with a focus on BPVs. To date, two classical BPV types, classified into (BPV1 and BPV2) and (BPV22), and two novel (BPV28 and BPV29) have been identified from anogenital lesions and tissues of the domestic cow. Due to the limited reports describing anogenital-associated PVs in animals, the relationships between their phylogenetic and pathogenetic properties are still undiscovered. Animal studies are valuable not only for the veterinary field but also for human medicine, as animal diseases have been shown to mimic human diseases. Studies of anogenital-associated PVs in animals have a positive impact on various research fields.
PubMed: 33260814
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9120993 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Jul 2019Papillomavirus (PV) is a well-known pathogen associated with epithelial and mucosal neoplastic diseases. In contrast to human PVs, characterization of animal PVs from...
Papillomavirus (PV) is a well-known pathogen associated with epithelial and mucosal neoplastic diseases. In contrast to human PVs, characterization of animal PVs from the aspect of anogenital neoplasm is still on a learning curve. In the present study, two vulval and one anal warts, histologically diagnosed as fibropapillomas, excised from dairy cattle were analyzed. PCR and sequencing revealed that bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) and BPV-2 were detected from anal and vulval fibropapillomas, respectively. Immunohistochemistry detected PV antigen in a few differentiated keratinocytes of one vulval case. Reverse-transcriptase PCR detected the early region, but not the late region of BPV mRNA in all three cases. The present study will provide new insight into the relationship between BPV and anogenital papilloma in cattle.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Viral; Anus Neoplasms; Bovine papillomavirus 1; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; DNA, Viral; Female; Papilloma; Papillomavirus Infections; RNA, Messenger; Vulvar Neoplasms
PubMed: 31155549
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0017 -
Vaccines Mar 2023Horses and other equid species are frequently affected by bovine papillomavirus type 1 and/or 2 (BPV1, BPV2)-induced skin tumors termed sarcoids. Although sarcoids do... (Review)
Review
Horses and other equid species are frequently affected by bovine papillomavirus type 1 and/or 2 (BPV1, BPV2)-induced skin tumors termed sarcoids. Although sarcoids do not metastasize, they constitute a serious health problem due to their BPV1/2-mediated resistance to treatment and propensity to recrudesce in a more severe, multiple form following accidental or iatrogenic trauma. This review provides an overview on BPV1/2 infection and associated immune escape in the equid host and presents early and recent immunotherapeutic approaches in sarcoid management.
PubMed: 37112681
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040769 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.758720.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.758720.].
PubMed: 35252430
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.860838 -
Veterinary Microbiology Feb 2024The family Papillomaviridae includes a plethora of viral species infecting virtually all vertebrates excluding amphibians, with astonishing impact on human and animal... (Review)
Review
The family Papillomaviridae includes a plethora of viral species infecting virtually all vertebrates excluding amphibians, with astonishing impact on human and animal health. Although more than 250 species have been described in humans, the total number of papillomaviruses (PVs) discovered in animals does not reach up to this number. In animals, PV infections are mostly asymptomatic or can cause variable clinical conditions ranging from self-limiting papillomas and other cutaneous and mucosal benign lesions to cancer. Most of animal PV types have been discovered in cattle, dogs, horses, and cats with other farm host species remaining overlooked. In particular, the number of PV types so far identified in sheep is limited. This paper comprehensively reviews ovine PVs features, including viral taxonomy and evolution; genome organization; viral tropism and pathogenesis; macroscopical features and histopathological patterns, as well as available diagnostics tools. Data are critically presented and discussed in terms of impact on veterinary and public health. The development of future dedicated research is also discussed.
Topics: Animals; Deltapapillomavirus; Papilloma; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Virulence
PubMed: 38160507
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109955 -
Veterinary World Sep 2021Bovine papillomaviruses (BPV) are a heterogeneous group of oncoviruses, distributed globally, which produce major economic losses. In the current study, we compared the...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Bovine papillomaviruses (BPV) are a heterogeneous group of oncoviruses, distributed globally, which produce major economic losses. In the current study, we compared the results of different diagnostic approaches and compared the strains identified in this study with previously characterized strains at local and international levels.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Samples of skin warts were collected from five bovines with generalized papillomatosis from two Egyptian provinces, Menya and Ismailia, in 2020. Electron microscopy, molecular characterization, histopathological, and immunohistochemical examination were performed.
RESULTS
BPV was detected using electron microscopy in the collected samples. Using molecular characterization, BPV-2 was successfully identified for 1 time in Egypt. The strain has 99.6% identity with the BPV-2 reference strains obtained from GenBank. These results were supported by histopathology and immunohistochemistry examination. Partial nucleotide sequences of the L1 gene were submitted to GenBank with accession numbers MW289843 and MW289844.
CONCLUSION
BPV-2 was reported for 1 time in the current study. The strain was identified grossly, microscopically, and pathologically and confirmed using molecular approaches. All results were consistent. The sequence analysis revealed that this strain has high sequence similarity to the reference Deltapapillomavirus-4, BPV-2 strains from Brazil and China.
PubMed: 34840446
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2296-2305