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Sao Paulo Medical Journal = Revista... Nov 2000Oncocytomas are generally small and present slow growth. Finding of the tumor usually occurs incidentally. Their incidence is higher among male patients. Oncocytomas in...
CONTEXT
Oncocytomas are generally small and present slow growth. Finding of the tumor usually occurs incidentally. Their incidence is higher among male patients. Oncocytomas in mucous bronchial glands are extremely rare.
CASE REPORT
A 35-year-old male who presented bronchial oncocytoma. The tumor was found after bronchoscopy that investigated an atelectasis of the upper left lobe. Histological examination with optical microscopy revealed a mature neoplasm formed by ovoid cells with thin, granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm and small nuclei similar to oncocytes. Electron microscopy showed mitochondrial hyperplasia. A three-year follow-up after thoracotomy followed by lobectomy and removal of the bronchial tumor was uneventful.
Topics: Adenoma, Oxyphilic; Adult; Bronchial Neoplasms; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male
PubMed: 11120552
DOI: 10.1590/s1516-31802000000600009 -
Seminars in Interventional Radiology Sep 2012Hemoptysis represents a significant clinical entity with high morbidity and potential mortality. Most hemorrhages from a bronchial source arise in the setting of chronic...
Hemoptysis represents a significant clinical entity with high morbidity and potential mortality. Most hemorrhages from a bronchial source arise in the setting of chronic inflammatory diseases. Medical management (in terms of resuscitation and bronchoscopic interventions) and surgery have severe limitations in these patient populations. Embolization procedures represent the first-line treatment for hemoptysis arising from a bronchial arterial source. This article discusses anatomical and technical considerations, as well as outcomes and complications, in the setting of bronchial arterial embolization in the treatment of hemoptysis.
PubMed: 23997406
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1326923 -
Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of... Jan 2017Inflammatory lung diseases like asthma bronchiale, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and allergic airway inflammation are widespread public diseases that constitute... (Review)
Review
Inflammatory lung diseases like asthma bronchiale, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and allergic airway inflammation are widespread public diseases that constitute an enormous burden to the health systems. Mainly classified as inflammatory diseases, the treatment focuses on strategies interfering with local inflammatory responses by the immune system. Inflammatory lung diseases predispose patients to severe lung failures like alveolar oedema, respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury. These life-threatening syndromes are caused by increased permeability of the alveolar and airway epithelium and exudate formation. However, the mechanism underlying epithelium barrier breakdown in the lung during inflammation is elusive. This review emphasises the role of the tight junction of the airway epithelium as the predominating structure conferring epithelial tightness and preventing exudate formation and the impact of inflammatory perturbations on their function.
Topics: Animals; Epithelium; Humans; Lung; Permeability; Pneumonia; Tight Junctions
PubMed: 27921210
DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1917-3 -
The British Journal of Radiology Sep 2012To retrospectively evaluate the depiction of bronchial and non-bronchial systemic arteries with 64-detector row CT in patients undergoing endovascular treatment for...
OBJECTIVE
To retrospectively evaluate the depiction of bronchial and non-bronchial systemic arteries with 64-detector row CT in patients undergoing endovascular treatment for life-threatening haemoptysis.
METHODS
64-detector row helical CT and conventional angiography of the thorax were performed in 28 patients (25 males, 3 females; age range, 18-65 years; mean age, 40 years) with life-threatening haemoptysis. CT images were analysed to identify abnormal bronchial and non-bronchial systemic arteries and also to localise them in two planes.
RESULTS
Using multidetector CT (MDCT), 43 bronchial arteries were identified on the right side and 46 on the left side. 89% of the right bronchial arteries originated from the right intercostobronchial arteries. A common trunk of origin of the right and left bronchial artery was noted in 46% of cases. 23 non-bronchial systemic arteries were noted on the right side and 41 on the left side. Pleural thickening >3 mm was confirmed to be a good predictor of non-bronchial systemic supply. An internal mammary artery diameter of >3 mm and an inferior phrenic artery diameter of >2 mm were sensitive indicators for non-bronchial systemic supply.
CONCLUSION
MDCT is a good investigation tool for evaluating life-threatening haemoptysis as it confirms the disease process, identifies the origin and ostial position of bronchial arteries, detects non-bronchial systemic arteries and acts as a roadmap for percutaneous transcatheter embolisation.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Angiography; Bronchial Arteries; Female; Hemoptysis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Radiography, Thoracic; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 22595498
DOI: 10.1259/bjr/24730002 -
Annals of Thoracic Medicine 2016Assessing the knowledge and awareness of the Saudi society about bronchial asthma in children.
OBJECTIVE
Assessing the knowledge and awareness of the Saudi society about bronchial asthma in children.
METHODS
Structured questionnaires were randomly distributed to 1039 Saudi Arabians in May 2014 at Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dammam.
RESULTS
The awareness of bronchial asthma questions showed that 67% of total sample thought that it could be a fatal disease, and only 13.2% thought that there is a difference between bronchial asthma and chest allergies in children. 86.1% thought that the symptoms of bronchial asthma include dyspnea and nocturnal cough, and 45.7% thought that fever, a runny nose and throat inflammation are not symptoms. 60.2% thought that infectious respiratory diseases may increase bronchial asthma progression. In addition, 40% thought that the use of antibiotics doesn't help in diminishing bronchial asthma complications, and some thought that the patient can stop medication after an acute asthma attack. 34.1% thought that inhaled medication for asthma doesn't cause addiction. Very highly significant results are shown between bronchial asthma knowledge and age, the level of education, marital status, and if the individual knows a person who suffers from bronchial asthma (P < 0.001). There are positive correlations between bronchial asthma knowledge and age, marital status, and level of education (r = 0.152, 0.150, 0.197), respectively.
CONCLUSION
The study demonstrated that bronchial asthma knowledge in the Saudi Arabian population is insufficient, and efforts should be carried out to spread bronchial asthma management.
PubMed: 26933459
DOI: 10.4103/1817-1737.173194 -
European Journal of Case Reports in... 2022We report a case of a bronchial artery pseudoaneurysm presenting as acute retrosternal pain. We want to discuss and to announce the extremely rare finding of a bronchial...
UNLABELLED
We report a case of a bronchial artery pseudoaneurysm presenting as acute retrosternal pain. We want to discuss and to announce the extremely rare finding of a bronchial artery pseudoaneurysm. Bronchial artery aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms are uncommon; however, missing this diagnosis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. When suspecting this pathology urgent CT angiography and selective angiography (DSA) are crucial. Urgent treatment with transarterial embolization is preferred.
LEARNING POINTS
Bronchial artery pseudoaneurysms are uncommon; however, missing this diagnosis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.Haemoptysis and chest pain are the most common symptoms of bronchial artery pseudoaneurysms.Diagnosis is made with CT angiography and selective angiography (DSA). Transarterial embolization is the preferred type of treatment.
PubMed: 35265558
DOI: 10.12890/2022_003195 -
Frontiers in Surgery 2023Primary tracheal or bronchial tumors are relatively uncommon, whether benign or malignant. Sleeve resection is an excellent surgical technique for most primary tracheal...
BACKGROUND
Primary tracheal or bronchial tumors are relatively uncommon, whether benign or malignant. Sleeve resection is an excellent surgical technique for most primary tracheal or bronchial tumors. However, depending on the size and location of the tumor, thoracoscopic wedge resection of trachea or bronchus can be performed with the assistance of a fiberoptic bronchoscope for some malignant and benign tumors.
CASE DESCRIPTION
We performed a single incision video-assisted bronchial wedge resection in a patient with a left main bronchial hamartoma with a size of 7 × 5 × 5 mm. The patient was discharged from the hospital six days after the surgery with no postoperative complications. There was no obvious discomfort during the 6-month postoperative follow-up, and the reexamination of fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed no evident stenosis of the incision.
CONCLUSIONS
Through the detailed case study and literature review, we believe that tracheal or bronchial wedge resection is a significantly superior technique under the appropriate conditions. Video-assisted thoracoscopic wedge resection of trachea or bronchus should be a new and excellent development direction of minimally invasive bronchial surgery.
PubMed: 36865625
DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1122075 -
Medycyna Pracy Aug 2018Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is the individual ability to respond with bronchoconstriction to a variety of specific and nonspecific stimuli which do not cause... (Review)
Review
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is the individual ability to respond with bronchoconstriction to a variety of specific and nonspecific stimuli which do not cause these symptoms among healthy subjects. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness is one of the hallmark features of asthma. The degree of bronchial hyperresponsiveness is variable among individuals with asthma and may correlate to its severity (the more severe asthma the higher bronchial hyperreactivity). Bronchial hyperresponsiveness is evaluated by performing bronchial provocation test (BPT). Provocation tests are classified - according to their mechanisms - into direct and indirect tests. Direct challenge tests are highly sensitive and they are used primarily to rule out asthma. In contrast, provocation tests with indirect stimuli are less sensitive but more specific to the direct tests; they are used generally to confirm the diagnosis of asthma and they allow for more accurate conclusions about inflammatory lesions in the case of a patient. Bronchial provocation tests play a significant role in occupational medicine. They are particularly relevant to be performed prior to employment, during periodic examinations, and to diagnose and monitor both occupational asthma and work-related asthma. This article presents selected bronchial provocation tests and their usefulness in the diagnosis of occupational asthma. Med Pr 2018;69(4):457-471.
Topics: Asthma, Occupational; Bronchial Hyperreactivity; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Bronchoconstriction; Female; Humans; Male
PubMed: 30010162
DOI: 10.13075/mp.5893.00717 -
Medical Journal, Armed Forces India Jan 2021Bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) is the hallmark of bronchial asthma, characterized by clinical features of cough, wheeze, breathlessness and chest tightness which...
BACKGROUND
Bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) is the hallmark of bronchial asthma, characterized by clinical features of cough, wheeze, breathlessness and chest tightness which are confirmed by spirometry showing obstructive pattern and reversibility to bronchodilators. In individuals having features of bronchial asthma but normal spirometry, demonstration of BHR with bronchial challenge test (direct or indirect) confirms/ rules out the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to assess BHR in patients (methacholine challenge) with a history suggestive of bronchial asthma but normal spirometry and its role in diagnosis of bronchial asthma.
METHODS
This study was conducted at tertiary care respiratory center. Patients having clinical features of bronchial asthma but spirometry not confirming obstructive disorder and or reversibility were included in the study. After written consent, methacholine challenge test with methacholine chloride and exercise spirometry was done in all patients as per the American Thoracic Society protocol.
RESULTS
A total of 50 (n) patients were included in the study. Among them, 42 patients had clinical features suggestive of bronchial asthma but having normal spirometry and eight patients were diagnosed as they had bronchial asthma in the past but asymptomatic and off drugs were included in the study. At PC20 4mg/ml 32 (64%) patients had a positive test, 28(66%) symptomatic patients and four (50%) asymptomatic asthmatics. There were no significant side effects with methacholine test.
CONCLUSION
Airway hyper-responsiveness is an important aspect of bronchial asthma and its demonstration with bronchial challenge (direct and indirect) test is an important diagnostic tool. Methacholine challenge test is a safe procedure to perform under supervision.
PubMed: 33487871
DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2020.05.007 -
Surgical Case Reports Apr 2022Pulmonary hemorrhage is a life-threatening complication of cardiovascular surgery. Bronchial artery hypertrophy, a rare pathology associated with inflammatory and...
BACKGROUND
Pulmonary hemorrhage is a life-threatening complication of cardiovascular surgery. Bronchial artery hypertrophy, a rare pathology associated with inflammatory and ischemic respiratory diseases, increases the risk of pulmonary hemorrhage; however, its involvement in cardiovascular surgery is not well known. We present two cardiovascular surgical cases in which embolization of the hypertrophied bronchial artery was effective in controlling perioperative pulmonary hemorrhage.
CASE PRESENTATION
The first case was a 51-year-old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who developed acute type A aortic dissection. After emergent surgery, his blood pressure suddenly dropped in the intensive care unit; computed tomography revealed a right hemothorax. Because a 4-mm dilated bronchial artery was identified on preoperative computed tomography, the hemothorax was suspected to be associated with bronchial artery hypertrophy. Selective bronchial arteriography was emergently performed and revealed a right pulmonary parenchymal blush. After subsequent coil embolization of the bronchial artery, the parenchymal blush disappeared, and his hemodynamic condition stabilized. The second case was a 66-year-old man with bronchiectasis who was referred for redo aortic valve replacement due to structural valve deterioration. A bioprosthesis was previously implanted to avoid permanent anticoagulation because the patient had repeated episodes of hemoptysis; however, he still had persistent hemosputum during admission for the redo aortic valve replacement. A dilated bronchial artery 3.7 mm in size was incidentally identified on preoperative computed tomography, and hence, the repeated hemosputum was suspected to be associated with bronchial artery hypertrophy. Bronchial arteriography revealed a right pulmonary parenchymal blush, and prophylactic embolization of the bronchial artery was performed. The hemosputum disappeared after the procedure, and redo aortic valve replacement was performed uneventfully 8 days later.
CONCLUSION
In cardiovascular surgery, the risk of pulmonary hemorrhage associated with bronchial artery hypertrophy should be considered, especially in patients with inflammatory and ischemic respiratory diseases.
PubMed: 35486259
DOI: 10.1186/s40792-022-01432-7