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Veterinary Research 2004Brucellosis control and eradication requires serological tests and vaccines. Effective classical vaccines (S19 in cattle and Rev 1 in small ruminants), however, induce... (Review)
Review
Brucellosis control and eradication requires serological tests and vaccines. Effective classical vaccines (S19 in cattle and Rev 1 in small ruminants), however, induce antibodies to the O-polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide which may be difficult to distinguish from those resulting from infection and may thus complicate diagnosis. Rough attenuated mutants lack the O-polysaccharide and would solve this problem if eliciting protective immunity; the empirically obtained rough mutants 45/20 and RB51 have been used as vaccines. Strain 45/20 is reportedly unstable and it is not presently used. RB51 is increasingly used instead of S19 in some countries but it is rifampicin resistant and its effectiveness is controversial. Some controlled experiments have found good or absolute protection in adult cattle vaccinated orally (full dose) or subcutaneously (reduced dose) and in one field experiment, RB51 was reported to afford absolute protection to calves and to perform better than S19. Controlled experiments in calves, however, have shown reduced doses of RB51 to be ineffective, full doses only partially effective, and RB51 less effective than S19 against severe challenges. Moreover, other observations suggest that RB51 is ineffective when prevalence is high. RB51 is not useful in sheep and evidence in goats is preliminary and contradictory. Rough mutants obtained by molecular biology methods on the knowledge of the genetics and structure of Brucella lipopolysaccharide may offer alternatives. The B. abortus manBcore (rfbK) mutant seems promising in cattle, and analyses in mice suggest that mutations affecting only the O-polysaccharide result in better vaccines than those affecting both core and O-polysaccharide. Possible uses of rough vaccines also include boosting immunity by revaccination but solid evidence on its effectiveness, safety and practicality is not available.
Topics: Animals; Brucella; Brucella Vaccine; Brucella abortus; Brucellosis; Brucellosis, Bovine; Cattle; Goats; Mice; Sheep; Swine
PubMed: 15099501
DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2003037 -
Revista Argentina de Microbiologia 2021The aim of this study was to estimate the diversity and prevalence of both groups of Brucella canis 1 and 2 with and without deletion respectively in different areas of...
The aim of this study was to estimate the diversity and prevalence of both groups of Brucella canis 1 and 2 with and without deletion respectively in different areas of Argentina. A total of 104 bacterial cultures were typed as B. canis strains using the classical biotyping method. Two PCR assays were performed to confirm that all isolates were B. canis and not Brucella suis. The differentiation between groups 1 and 2 was achieved using another PCR assay and the diversity of B. canis isolates was assessed with four MLVA_16 markers. All strains belonged to Group 2. Bruce 09 marker (MLVA_16 assay) showed the greatest diversity. Only Group 2 of B. canis was identified among the strains evaluated. The markers chosen from the MLVA_16 allowed us to detect genetic diversity among the strains of B. canis studied.
Topics: Argentina; Brucella canis; Brucella suis; Brucellosis; Humans; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 33176954
DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2020.06.012 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Mar 2022Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. Although it is the most common zoonosis worldwide, there are increasing reports of drug...
BACKGROUND
Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. Although it is the most common zoonosis worldwide, there are increasing reports of drug resistance and cases of relapse after long term treatment with the existing drugs of choice. This study therefore aims at identifying possible natural inhibitors of Brucella melitensis Methionyl-tRNA synthetase through an in-silico approach.
METHODS
Using PyRx 0.8 virtual screening software, the target was docked against a library of natural compounds obtained from edible African plants. The compound, 2-({3-[(3,5-dichlorobenzyl) amino] propyl} amino) quinolin-4(1H)-one (OOU) which is a co-crystallized ligand with the target was used as the reference compound. Screening of the molecular descriptors of the compounds for bioavailability, pharmacokinetic properties, and bioactivity was performed using the SWISSADME, pkCSM, and Molinspiration web servers respectively. The Fpocket and PLIP webservers were used to perform the analyses of the binding pockets and the protein ligand interactions. Analysis of the time-resolved trajectories of the Apo and Holo forms of the target was performed using the Galaxy and MDWeb servers.
RESULTS
The lead compounds, Strophanthidin and Isopteropodin are present in Corchorus olitorius and Uncaria tomentosa (Cat's-claw) plants respectively. Isopteropodin had a binding affinity score of -8.9 kcal / ml with the target and had 17 anti-correlating residues in Pocket 1 after molecular dynamics simulation. The complex formed by Isopteropodin and the target had a total RMSD of 4.408 and a total RMSF of 9.8067. However, Strophanthidin formed 3 hydrogen bonds with the target at ILE21, GLY262 and LEU294, and induced a total RMSF of 5.4541 at Pocket 1.
CONCLUSION
Overall, Isopteropodin and Strophanthidin were found to be better drug candidates than OOU and they showed potentials to inhibit the Brucella melitensis Methionyl-tRNA synthetase at Pocket 1, hence abilities to treat brucellosis. In-vivo and in-vitro investigations are needed to further evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the lead compounds.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brucella melitensis; Ligands; Methionine-tRNA Ligase; Molecular Dynamics Simulation
PubMed: 35312681
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009799 -
FEBS Letters Oct 2011"In vivo" bacterial nutrition, i.e. the nature of the metabolic network and substrate(s) used by bacteria within their host, is a fundamental aspect of pathogenic or... (Review)
Review
"In vivo" bacterial nutrition, i.e. the nature of the metabolic network and substrate(s) used by bacteria within their host, is a fundamental aspect of pathogenic or symbiotic lifestyles. A typical example are the Brucella spp., facultative intracellular pathogens responsible for chronic infections of animals and humans. Their virulence relies on their ability to modulate immune response and the physiology of host cells, but the fine-tuning of their metabolism in the host during infection appears increasingly crucial. Here we review new insights on the links between Brucella virulence and metabolism, pointing out the need to investigate both aspects to decipher Brucella infectious strategies.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Brucella; Brucellosis; Humans; Mutation; Quorum Sensing; Virulence
PubMed: 21864534
DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.08.011 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Jul 2022Abortions cause tremendous economic losses in food-producing animals and may lead to food insecurity.
BACKGROUND
Abortions cause tremendous economic losses in food-producing animals and may lead to food insecurity.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to characterize Brucella spp. and other abortigenic pathogens from aborted tissues of cattle.
METHODS
For cattle, aborted tissues (n = 19) were cultured, and Brucella spp. were detected using the genus-specific 16S-23S ribosomal DNA interspacer region (ITS) assay and speciated using Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Brucella ovis, and Brucella suis (AMOS) and Bruce-ladder PCR assays. Brucella negative samples were screened using the eight abortigenic pathogens PCR panel. Samples from an abortion outbreak that occurred within a goat tribe were included in this investigation. Sera of females (n = 8) and males (n = 2) were analyzed using the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA), while vaginal swabs (n = 3) and aborted tissues (n = 1) were cultured and characterized.
RESULTS
The ITS-PCR detected Brucella DNA in cultures from two aborted tissues of cattle (10.5%, [2/19]), which were identified as B. melitensis (n = 1), and B. abortus (n = 1) using AMOS and Bruce-ladder PCR assays. Campylobacter fetus (n = 7) and Leptospira spp. (n = 4) including co-infections (n = 2) of C. fetus and Leptospira spp. were identified from the Brucella negative samples of cattle. Goats (100.0%, 10/10) were brucellosis seropositive on RBT and i-ELISA. Mixed infections caused by B. melitensis and B. abortus were isolated from the vaginal swabs (n = 3) and aborted tissues (n = 1).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
This is the first identification of abortion-associated pathogens in aborted cattle indicating the enormous financial losses and a threat to public health. It is therefore essential to include these identified pathogens in the surveillance scheme of veterinary and human services.
Topics: Animals; Brucella; Brucella abortus; Brucella melitensis; Brucella ovis; Brucella suis; Brucellosis; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Female; Goat Diseases; Goats; Leptospira; Male; Pregnancy; Rwanda
PubMed: 35420251
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.805 -
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and... Aug 2014Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an in vitro technique for the nucleic acid amplification, which is commonly used to diagnose infectious diseases. The use of PCR for... (Review)
Review
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an in vitro technique for the nucleic acid amplification, which is commonly used to diagnose infectious diseases. The use of PCR for pathogens detection, genotyping and quantification has some advantages, such as high sensitivity, high specificity, reproducibility and technical ease. Brucellosis is a common zoonosis caused by Brucella spp., which still remains as a major health problem in many developing countries around the world. The direct culture and immunohistochemistry can be used for detecting infection with Brucella spp. However, PCR has the potential to address limitations of these methods. PCR are now one of the most useful assays for the diagnosis in human brucellosis. The aim of this review was to summarize the main PCR techniques and their applications for diagnosis and follow-up of patients with brucellosis. Moreover, advantages or limitation of the different PCR methods as well as the evaluation of PCR results for treatment and follow-up of human brucellosis were also discussed.
Topics: Brucella; Brucellosis; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 25082566
DOI: 10.1186/s12941-014-0031-7 -
The Journal of Hygiene Dec 1950
Topics: Bacteriophages; Brucella
PubMed: 20475829
DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400015242 -
Veterinary Microbiology Jun 2013Bovine brucellosis is an endemic infectious disease which can impact cattle productivity and welfare negatively, as well as human health. Sufficient knowledge on its... (Review)
Review
Bovine brucellosis is an endemic infectious disease which can impact cattle productivity and welfare negatively, as well as human health. Sufficient knowledge on its epidemiology, particularly on species and biotypes of Brucella at national and/or regional scale are important to set up and implement efficient control measures against brucellosis in a "One health" perspective. The main objective of this review was to investigate available literature on strains of Brucella in order to provide a state of art-knowledge on species and biovars reported in cattle from West Africa. A literature search was conducted to identify relevant data on species and biovars of Brucella in cattle from Western African countries. This search included studies presenting bacteriological and/or molecular results of identification and typing, relied on international classification methods with no time limit and no language restrictions. Studies reporting results of identification at genus level only were not considered for this review. This review revealed that Brucella abortus was the most prevalent species in cattle from West Africa, in line with host preference for Brucellae. So far, biovars 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and intermediate biovar 3/6 of B. abortus were reported in cattle in the region. Among these strains, biovars 3, recently identified in The Gambia and Ivory Coast, was the most commonly isolated. Brucella melitensis and/or B. suis have not been mentioned yet in cattle in this part of Africa. The public health significance of prevailing strains is discussed and a regional collaborative control program of brucellosis is suggested.
Topics: Africa, Western; Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Brucella; Brucellosis; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Host-Parasite Interactions; Prevalence
PubMed: 23499188
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.02.009 -
Molecular Medicine Reports Feb 2020The present study aimed to explore the differences in protein and gene expression of Brucella abortus cultured under biofilm and planktonic conditions. The proteins... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The present study aimed to explore the differences in protein and gene expression of Brucella abortus cultured under biofilm and planktonic conditions. The proteins unique to biofilms and planktonic B. abortus were separated by two‑dimensional (2‑D) electrophoresis and then identified by matrix‑assisted laser desorption/ionization‑tandem time of flight‑mass spectrometry (MALDI‑TOF/TOF‑MS). High‑throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify differentially expressed genes between B. abortus cultured under biofilm and planktonic conditions. The proteins and genes identified by proteomic and genomic analyses were further evaluated via western blot and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) analyses. 2‑D electrophoresis identified 20 differentially expressed protein spots between biofilms and planktonic cells, which corresponded to 18 individual proteins (12 downregulated and 6 upregulated) after MALDI‑TOF/TOF‑MS analysis, including elongation factor Tu and enolase. RT‑qPCR analysis revealed that all of the 18 genes were downregulated in biofilms compared with planktonic cells. Western blot analysis identified 9 downregulated and 3 upregulated proteins. High‑throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analyses identified 14 function and pathway‑associated genes (e.g., BAbS19_I14970). RT‑qPCR analysis of the 14 genes showed that they were upregulated in biofilm compared with in planktonic state. In conclusion, these differentially expressed genes may play important roles in bacterial defense, colonization, invasion, and virulence.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Biofilms; Brucella abortus; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Plankton; Proteomics; RNA, Messenger; Reproducibility of Results; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 31974592
DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10888 -
Molecular Microbiology May 2004Members of the bacterial genus Brucella are facultative intracellular pathogens that reside predominantly within membrane-bound compartments within two host cell types,... (Review)
Review
Members of the bacterial genus Brucella are facultative intracellular pathogens that reside predominantly within membrane-bound compartments within two host cell types, macrophages and placental trophoblasts. Within macrophages, the brucellae route themselves to an intracellular compartment that is favourable for survival and replication, and they also appear to be well-adapted from a physiological standpoint to withstand the environmental conditions encountered during prolonged residence in this intracellular niche. Much less is known about the interactions of the Brucella with placental trophoblasts, but experimental evidence suggests that these bacteria use an iron acquisition system to support extensive intracellular replication within these host cells that is not required for survival and replication in host macrophages. Thus, it appears that the brucellae rely upon the products of distinct subsets of genes to adapt successfully to the environmental conditions encountered within the two cell types within which they reside in their mammalian hosts.
Topics: Adaptation, Biological; Animals; Brucellaceae; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Humans; Hydroxybenzoates; Iron; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages; Phagosomes; Pregnancy; Trophoblasts
PubMed: 15101970
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04017.x