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Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023Bongkrekic acid (BKA) poisoning, induced by the contamination of pathovar , has a long-standing history of causing severe outbreaks of foodborne illness. In recent... (Review)
Review
Bongkrekic acid (BKA) poisoning, induced by the contamination of pathovar , has a long-standing history of causing severe outbreaks of foodborne illness. In recent years, it has emerged as a lethal food safety concern, presenting significant challenges to public health. This review article highlights the recent incidents of BKA poisoning and current research discoveries on the pathogenicity of pv. and underlying biochemical mechanisms for BKA synthesis. Moreover, the characterization of pv. and the identification of the gene cluster provide a crucial foundation for developing targeted interventions to prevent BKA accumulation in food matrices. The prevalence of the gene cluster, which is the determining factor distinguishing pv. from non-pathogenic strains, has been identified in 15% of documented genomes worldwide. This finding suggests that BKA poisoning has the potential to evolve into a more prevalent threat. Although limited, previous research has proved that pv. is capable of producing BKA in diverse environments, emphasizing the possible food safety hazards associated with BKA poisoning. Also, advancements in detection methods of both BKA and pv. hold great promise for mitigating the impact of this foodborne disease. Future studies focusing on reducing the threat raised by this vicious foe is of paramount importance to public health.
PubMed: 37959045
DOI: 10.3390/foods12213926 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Oct 2021The Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) and Burkholderia gladioli are opportunistic pathogens that most commonly infect persons with cystic fibrosis or compromised immune...
The Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) and Burkholderia gladioli are opportunistic pathogens that most commonly infect persons with cystic fibrosis or compromised immune systems. Members of the genus are intrinsically multidrug resistant (MDR), possessing both a PenA carbapenemase and an AmpC β-lactamase, rendering treatment of infections due to these species problematic. Here, we tested the β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combination imipenem-relebactam against a panel of MDR Bcc and B. gladioli strains. The addition of relebactam to imipenem dramatically lowered the MICs for Bcc and B. gladioli: only 16% of isolates tested susceptible to imipenem, while 71.3% were susceptible to the imipenem-relebactam combination. While ceftazidime-avibactam remained the most potent combination drug against this panel of Bcc and B. gladioli strains, imipenem-relebactam was active against 71.4% of the ceftazidime-avibactam-resistant isolates. Relebactam demonstrated potent inactivation of Burkholderia multivorans PenA1, with an apparent () value of 3.2 μM. Timed mass spectrometry revealed that PenA1 formed a very stable adduct with relebactam, without any detectable desulfation for as long as 24 h. Based on our results, imipenem-relebactam may represent an alternative salvage therapy for Bcc and B. gladioli infections, especially in cases where the isolates are resistant to ceftazidime-avibactam.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azabicyclo Compounds; Burkholderia; Burkholderia cepacia complex; Burkholderia gladioli; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Imipenem; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 34370574
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01332-21 -
Microbial Genomics Jan 2021is a bacterium with a broad ecology spanning disease in humans, animals and plants, but also encompassing multiple beneficial interactions. It is a plant pathogen, a...
is a bacterium with a broad ecology spanning disease in humans, animals and plants, but also encompassing multiple beneficial interactions. It is a plant pathogen, a toxin-producing food-poisoning agent, and causes lung infections in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Contrasting beneficial traits include antifungal production exploited by insects to protect their eggs, plant protective abilities and antibiotic biosynthesis. We explored the genomic diversity and specialized metabolic potential of 206 strains, phylogenomically defining 5 clades. Historical disease pathovars (pv.) pv. and pv. were distinct, while pv. and pv. were indistinguishable; soft-rot disease and CF infection were conserved across all pathovars. Biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for toxoflavin, caryoynencin and enacyloxin were dispersed across , but bongkrekic acid and gladiolin production were clade-specific. Strikingly, 13 % of CF infection strains characterized were bongkrekic acid-positive, uniquely linking this food-poisoning toxin to this aspect of disease. Mapping the population biology and metabolite production of has shed light on its diverse ecology, and by demonstrating that the antibiotic trimethoprim suppresses bongkrekic acid production, a potential therapeutic strategy to minimize poisoning risk in CF has been identified.
Topics: Biosynthetic Pathways; Bongkrekic Acid; Burkholderia gladioli; Cystic Fibrosis; Food Microbiology; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Phylogeny; Plant Diseases; Trimethoprim; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 33459584
DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000515 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2023Pathogenic variants of pose a serious threat to human health and food safety, but there is a lack of rapid and sensitive field detection methods for . In this study,...
Pathogenic variants of pose a serious threat to human health and food safety, but there is a lack of rapid and sensitive field detection methods for . In this study, the CRISPR/Cas12a system combined with recombinant enzyme polymerase amplification (RPA) was used to detect in food. The optimized RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay was able to specifically and stably detect at a constant 37 °C without the assistance of large equipment. The detection limit of the method was evaluated at two aspects, the genomic DNA (gDNA) level and bacterial quantity, of which there were 10 ng/μL and 10 CFU/mL, respectively. Three kinds of real food samples were tested. The detection limit for rice noodles, fresh white noodles, and glutinous rice flour samples was 10 CFU/mL, 10 CFU/mL, and 10 CFU/mL, respectively, without any enrichment steps. The whole detection process, including sample pretreatment and DNA extraction, did not exceed one hour. Compared with the qPCR method, the established RPA-CRISPR /Cas12a method was simpler and even more sensitive. Using this method, a visual detection of that is suitable for field detection can be achieved quickly and easily.
PubMed: 37174300
DOI: 10.3390/foods12091760 -
Metabolites May 2021is an important bacterial species which has different beneficial effects, such as promoting the plant growth, including rhizosphere competence for the secretion of... (Review)
Review
is an important bacterial species which has different beneficial effects, such as promoting the plant growth, including rhizosphere competence for the secretion of allelochemicals, production of antibiotics, and siderophores. In addition, most of species have demonstrated promising biocontrol action against different phytopathogens for diverse crops. In particular, demonstrates significant biotechnological potential as a source of novel antibiotics and bioactive secondary metabolites. The current review is concerned with spp. covering the following aspects: discovering, classification, distribution, plant growth promoting effect, and antimicrobial activity of different species of , shedding light on the most important secondary metabolites, their pathogenic effects, and biochemical characterization of some important species of such as , , , , , and .
PubMed: 34067834
DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050321 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Nov 2020Two Burkholderia gladioli strains isolated from the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients were found to produce unusual lipodepsipeptides containing a unique citrate-derived...
Two Burkholderia gladioli strains isolated from the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients were found to produce unusual lipodepsipeptides containing a unique citrate-derived fatty acid and a rare dehydro-β-alanine residue. The gene cluster responsible for their biosynthesis was identified by bioinformatics and insertional mutagenesis. In-frame deletions and enzyme activity assays were used to investigate the functions of several proteins encoded by the biosynthetic gene cluster, which was found in the genomes of about 45 % of B. gladioli isolates, suggesting that its metabolic products play an important role in the growth and/or survival of the species. The Chrome Azurol S assay indicated that these metabolites bind ferric iron, which suppresses their production when added to the growth medium. Moreover, a gene encoding a TonB-dependent ferric-siderophore receptor is adjacent to the biosynthetic genes, suggesting that these metabolites may function as siderophores in B. gladioli.
Topics: Burkholderia gladioli; Depsipeptides; Molecular Structure
PubMed: 32780452
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009110 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jan 2023Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) and Burkholderia gladioli are opportunistic human pathogens that are inherently multidrug resistant, limiting treatment options for...
Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) and Burkholderia gladioli are opportunistic human pathogens that are inherently multidrug resistant, limiting treatment options for infections. Here, a novel diazabicyclooctane, ETX0462, was evaluated for activity against Bcc and . . Ninety-eight percent of the isolates examined in this study were susceptible. ETX0462 was found to demonstrate activity superior to that of currently available treatment options (e.g., trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ceftazidime).
Topics: Humans; Burkholderia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ceftazidime; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Burkholderia cepacia complex; Burkholderia Infections
PubMed: 36507667
DOI: 10.1128/aac.01352-22 -
Microorganisms May 2021has high versatility and adaptability to various ecological niches. Here, we constructed a pan-genome using 14 genome sequences of , which originate from different...
has high versatility and adaptability to various ecological niches. Here, we constructed a pan-genome using 14 genome sequences of , which originate from different niches, including gladiolus, rice, humans, and nature. Functional roles of core and niche-associated genomes were investigated by pathway enrichment analyses. Consequently, we inferred the uniquely important role of niche-associated genomes in (1) selenium availability during competition with gladiolus host; (2) aromatic compound degradation in seed-borne and crude oil-accumulated environments, and (3) stress-induced DNA repair system/recombination in the cystic fibrosis-niche. We also identified the conservation of the rhizomide biosynthetic gene cluster in all the strains and the concentrated distribution of this cluster in human isolates. It was confirmed the absence of complete CRISPR/Cas system in both plant and human pathogenic and the presence of the system in living in nature, possibly reflecting the inverse relationship between CRISPR/Cas system and virulence.
PubMed: 34067383
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061123 -
Comparative Medicine Oct 2023Four strains of experimentally naïve mice (NOD. Cg- Il2rg /SzJ [NSG], NOD. Cg- /SzJ [NRG], B6.129S(Cg)-/J [STAT1 ], and B6.129S7- /J[IFNγR ] housed in a barrier...
Four strains of experimentally naïve mice (NOD. Cg- Il2rg /SzJ [NSG], NOD. Cg- /SzJ [NRG], B6.129S(Cg)-/J [STAT1 ], and B6.129S7- /J[IFNγR ] housed in a barrier facility developed unusual and seemingly unrelated clinical signs. Young NSG/NRG mice ( = 49, mean age = 4 ± 0.4 mo) exhibited nonspecific clinical signs of moderate-to-severe lethargy, hunched posture, decreased body condition, and pallor. In contrast to the NSG/NRG mice, the STAT1 and IFNγ R mice ( = 5) developed large subcutaneous abscesses on the head and neck. These mice were euthanized, and samples were collected for culture. NSG/NRG mice had moderate-markedly enlarged livers (20 of 49, 40%) and spleens (17 of 49, 35%). The livers contained multiple, variably-sized, tan regions throughout all lobes. Histology revealed necrotizing hepatitis (13 of 17, 77%), splenic and hepatic extramedullary hematopoiesis (17 of 17, 100%), glomerular histiocytosis (6 of 17, 35%), and metritis (6 of 11, 55%) with perivascular inflammation, suggesting hematogenous spread Differentials for these lesions included mouse hepatitis virus, ectromelia virus, spp., and was cultured from liver lesions and subcutaneous abscesses and confirmed with 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. After completing systematic testing of the environment, failure of the water autoclave cycle was suspected as the cause of the outbreak. To address the situation, individually ventilated racks were sanitized and new breeders were purchased; these actions dramatically reduced infections. The current literature contains few reports of infections in immunocompromised mice, and its typical presentation is torticollis and rolling. infection is a potential differential for subcutaneous abscesses, hepatitis, and splenomegaly in immunocompromised mice. Careful monitoring of sterilization techniques is essential to prevent such infections in a barrier facility.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Abscess; Burkholderia gladioli; Burkholderia Infections; Hepatitis; Mice, Inbred NOD; Mice, SCID
PubMed: 38087404
DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-CM-23-000016 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Feb 2021is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with cystic fibrosis infections. Here, we describe the genome sequence of phage Maja. Maja is most related to another phage,...
is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with cystic fibrosis infections. Here, we describe the genome sequence of phage Maja. Maja is most related to another phage, BcepF1, and may be a temperate phage, despite the absence of repressor or integrase homologs in its genome sequence.
PubMed: 33541882
DOI: 10.1128/MRA.01430-20