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Fertility and Sterility Jun 1993To evaluate histologic and ultrastructural changes of the vaginal mucosa in patients given buserelin acetate or danazol treatment for endometriosis. (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate histologic and ultrastructural changes of the vaginal mucosa in patients given buserelin acetate or danazol treatment for endometriosis.
DESIGN
Controlled clinical study.
SETTING
Infertility clinic of an academic unit.
PATIENTS
Infertile women with endometriosis randomized to receive buserelin acetate or danazol and undergoing vaginal biopsies during treatment were selected.
INTERVENTIONS
Buserelin acetate was administered IN 400 micrograms three times per day and danazol orally 600 mg/d. Vaginal biopsies were performed baseline and at 3 and 6 months of treatment, and specimens were examined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. 17 beta-Estradiol and P levels were determined in each patient at the time of each biopsy.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Structural and ultrastructural patterns of vaginal mucosa after 3 and 6 months of treatment.
RESULTS
Buserelin acetate treatment induced early, marked hypotrophy of the vaginal mucosa with aspects typical of the menopause. The modifications caused by danazol occurred mainly in the intermediate layer, which was weakly hypotrophic only at the end of the treatment.
CONCLUSION
Vaginal mucosa undergoes constant and well-defined modifications during both buserelin acetate and danazol treatment for endometriosis. The modifications are compatible with the biological effects of the drugs.
Topics: Biopsy; Buserelin; Danazol; Endometriosis; Estradiol; Female; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Progesterone; Vagina
PubMed: 8495764
DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)55975-5 -
Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista... 2023The objective of this study was to evaluate reproductive traits in adults of Astyanax lacustris subjected to different spawning inducers. The study involved 240 females...
The objective of this study was to evaluate reproductive traits in adults of Astyanax lacustris subjected to different spawning inducers. The study involved 240 females (12.54 g ± 2.33 and 7.66 cm ± 0.63 cm) and 240 males (5.83 g ± 0.39 g and 6.14 cm ± 0.64 cm), all at reproductive age. Three different inducers were evaluated: (i) 0.4 pellets of Ovopel®/kg of body weight; (ii) 0.5 ml of buserelin acetate/kg of body weight; and (iii) carp pituitary extract (CPE) (5.5 mg CPE/kg body weight for females and 2.5 mg CPE/kg body weight for males), as well as saline solution (without hormone). The degree-hours for spawning were greater (P<0.05) for the Ovopel® treatment (with 204.93) than in the treatment with CPE (183.2). Ovary weight and gonadosomatic index were higher (P<0.05) in CPE and Ovopel® treatments when compared to buserelin acetate. The number of oocytes per female, absolute and relative fecundity were greater (P<0.05) for Ovopel® and CPE treatments. Fertilization rate was higher (P<0.05) in treatment with buserelin acetate (82.3%) in relation to Ovopel® (72.33%) and CPE (62.40%) treatments, and the highest (P<0.05) hatching rates were achieved with buserelin acetate and Ovopel®. The number of larvae per female body weight was greater (P<0.05) when Ovopel® was used. In conclusion, Ovopel® proves to be a more effective reproductive inducer for induced reproduction of A. lacustris when compared to CPE and buserelin acetate.
Topics: Male; Animals; Female; Buserelin; Carps; Reproduction; Characidae; Body Weight
PubMed: 38126637
DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.275678 -
Journal of Andrology 1991Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist, when administered in a continuous, nonpulsatile manner, causes desensitization of the LHRH receptor complex on the... (Review)
Review
Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist, when administered in a continuous, nonpulsatile manner, causes desensitization of the LHRH receptor complex on the gonadotroph cells in the anterior pituitary gland. Biosynthesis and secretion of luteinizing hormone cease, and testicular androgenic production is inhibited. When used in this capacity, LHRH agonists can be an effective treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. After 4 to 6 months of therapy, prostatic volume decreases by 25% to 30%, voiding symptoms improve significantly in approximately 25% to 33% of patients, and the peak urinary flow rate increases substantially (more than 15 ml/second) in approximately 25% to 33% of patients. During the first month of treatment, serum luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, 17 beta-estradiol, and prostate-specific antigen decline to low values and remain low throughout treatment. Prostatic 5 alpha-reductase activity and androgen receptor content also decrease with treatment. Side effects are significant: impotence, decreased libido, and hot flushes are the most common. Because the effect of LHRH agonist therapy on the serum testosterone concentration is reversible, treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with an LHRH agonist must be considered life-long therapy. Thus, this therapy should be reserved for patients who are impotent or who are poor surgical risks.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Buserelin; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Humans; Leuprolide; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Prostatic Hyperplasia
PubMed: 1722794
DOI: No ID Found -
Theriogenology Oct 2022This research aimed to determine the effect of temperament on reproductive parameters including cortisol and progesterone (P4) in Nellore cows. Additionally, two methods...
This research aimed to determine the effect of temperament on reproductive parameters including cortisol and progesterone (P4) in Nellore cows. Additionally, two methods for increasing plasma progesterone (P4) levels in excitable animals to enhance pregnancy rate (P/AI) and reduce pregnancy loss were investigated. In total, 939 cows were subjected to timed artificial insemination (TAI) and divided into three groups: (P4LA; n = 305) 150 mg of injectable long-acting progestogen 7 days after TAI; (GnRH; n = 306), 10 μg of buserelin acetate on day 7 after TAI; control group (CG; n = 328) without hormonal treatment. In 213 cows, randomly chosen from each group, ultrasound evaluations of the preovulatory follicle (Mode B) were performed on the day of insemination and of the corpus luteum (Color Doppler) 7 and 16 days after TAI. Blood samples were obtained from 20% of the 939 animals, randomly chosen from each group, on the day of insemination and after 7 and 16 days to measure cortisol and progesterone, respectively. At the time of insemination, subjective temperament evaluations were performed with the animals being classified as excitable (EXC) or adequate (ADQ). The SAS GLIMMIX procedure was used to compare the pregnancy rate (P/AI) and gestational loss within each temperament for the three experimental groups. Continuous variables were analyzed utilizing SAS PROC MIXED procedure. Cortisol concentration was higher and POF (preovulatory follicle) and CL (corpus luteum) volumes at the time of insemination and 7 days after AI, respectively, were lower in EXC animals than in ADQ. No significant difference was observed between the number of pixels, CL intensity, and plasma concentration of P4, 7 days after TAI. However, 16 days post-insemination, among the animals classified as EXC, higher concentrations of P4 were observed in the GnRH and P4LA groups than in the control. Regarding P4 concentrations, there was a tendency to be lower in animals classified as EXC than in ADQ within the control group (P = 0.06), while rate of blood flow from the CL was lower in EXC animals than in ADQ animals (P = 0.04). Among the ADQ animals, the GnRH and P4LA groups showed a lower CL flow rate than that observed in the control (P = 0.04), 16 days after the TAI. Among EXC animals, a higher pregnancy rate was observed in the GnRH and P4LA groups than in the control group (P = 0.01). In the control group, the pregnancy rate (P/AI) of the ADQ animals was higher than that of the EXC animals (P = 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed between gestational losses when the treatments or temperaments were compared. In conclusion, the use of GnRH or P4LA, 7 days after insemination, improves pregnancy rates in excitable animals and is a viable alternative to minimize the negative impact of stress and improve reproductive efficiency in beef cattle.
Topics: Abortion, Veterinary; Animals; Buserelin; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dinoprost; Estrus Synchronization; Female; Fertility; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Hydrocortisone; Insemination, Artificial; Lactation; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Progesterone; Progestins
PubMed: 36037572
DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.08.003 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Nov 2013Prior reports suggest a link between gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gastrointestinal function. The aim of the study was to prospectively investigate women...
BACKGROUND
Prior reports suggest a link between gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gastrointestinal function. The aim of the study was to prospectively investigate women subjected to in vitro fertilization (IVF) using the GnRH analog buserelin, taking into account gastrointestinal symptoms and antibody development against buserelin, GnRH, luteinizing hormone (LH), and their receptors.
METHODS
Gastrointestinal symptoms were registered by the Visual Analogue Scale for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (VAS-IBS) before and after IVF treatment, and five years later. Health-related quality of life was evaluated by the 36-item Short-Form questionnaire (SF-36). ELISA was used for antibody analyses before and after treatment. Data were compared with women from the general population.
RESULTS
In total, 124 patients were investigated before and after IVF, and 62 were re-evaluated after five years. Buserelin treatment led to significant impairment of constipation (p = 0.004), nausea and vomiting (p = 0.035), psychological well-being (p = 0.000), and the intestinal symptoms' influence on daily life (p = 0.027). At 5-year follow-up, abdominal pain was worsened (p = 0.041), but psychological well-being was improved (p = 0.036), compared to prior treatment, and 15% had an observable deterioration in gastrointestinal symptoms. None developed severe dysmotility. Patients had higher prevalence of IgG antibodies against LH (p = 0.001) and its receptor (p = 0.016), and IgM antibodies against the GnRH receptor (p = 0.001) prior treatment compared with controls, but no antibody development was observed after IVF.
CONCLUSION
Patients experience gastrointestinal symptoms during buserelin treatment, and abdominal pain is still increased after five years, but buserelin does not increase antibody formation against GnRH, LH or their receptors.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adult; Autoantibodies; Buserelin; Case-Control Studies; Constipation; Female; Fertility Agents, Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Follow-Up Studies; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Infertility, Female; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Luteinizing Hormone; Mental Health; Middle Aged; Nausea; Prospective Studies; Receptors, LH; Receptors, LHRH; Vomiting
PubMed: 24191889
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-13-201 -
Urologia Internationalis 2009The paper aims at evaluating the role of testosterone levels and their cut-off points in the treatment of prostate cancer with androgen deprivation therapy. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The paper aims at evaluating the role of testosterone levels and their cut-off points in the treatment of prostate cancer with androgen deprivation therapy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We performed a non-systematic review of the literature, searching Medline using the following key words: 'Prostatic neoplasms/therapy' [MeSH], 'Buserelin' [MeSH], 'Goserelin' [MeSH], 'Leuprolide' [MeSH], 'Triptorelin' [MeSH], 'prostate cancer*' [tiab], and 'testoster*' [tiab].
RESULTS
The most commonly used cut-off point of testosterone to define castration was 50 ng/dl. In this respect, GnRH agonists allowed castration in a very high percentage of patients (87.5-100%). Specifically, triptorelin was reported to yield castration level of testosterone in 98.8%, the classical formulation of leuprolide in 95-98.8% of the cases, and Eligard, a novel formulation of leuprolide, in 99-100%. With regard to the 20-ng/dl breakpoint, available data suggest that goserelin yields castration level of testosterone in 96%, the classical formulation of leuprolide in 87-92% of the patients, and the novel formulation in 88-97.5%.
CONCLUSIONS
The clinical significance of different levels of testosterone yielded during androgen deprivation therapy is still unknown. Considering the standard cut-off point of 50 ng/dl, GnRH agonists allowed castration in a very high percentage of patients.
Topics: Androgen Antagonists; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Biomarkers; Drug Monitoring; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Humans; Male; Orchiectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Testosterone; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 19440008
DOI: 10.1159/000209352 -
BMC Research Notes Dec 2015The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog buserelin causes enteric neuronal loss. Acute stress or injection of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) affects...
Buserelin treatment to rats causes enteric neurodegeneration with moderate effects on CRF-immunoreactive neurons and Enterobacteriaceae in colon, and in acetylcholine-mediated permeability in ileum.
BACKGROUND
The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog buserelin causes enteric neuronal loss. Acute stress or injection of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) affects motility, secretion, and barrier function of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the study was to characterize the CRF immunoreactivity in enteric neurons after buserelin treatment, and to evaluate possible effects of enteric neuropathy on gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, and stress response behavior.
RESULTS
Sixty rats were given buserelin (20 μg) or saline subcutaneously for 5 days, repeated four times with 3 weeks in-between. At the study end, enteric neuronal density, enteric expression of CRF, gut microbial composition, and plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and CRF were analyzed. Intestinal permeability was examined in Ussing chambers and the reaction to stressful events was measured by behavior tests. Buserelin treatment reduced the number of neurons along the entire gastrointestinal tract, with increased relative numbers of CRF-immunoreactive submucosal and myenteric neurons in colon (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The overall microbial diversity and relative abundance did not differ between groups, but Enterobacteriaceae was decreased in colon in buserelin-treated rats (p = 0.020). Basal intestinal permeability did not differ between groups, whereas carbachol stimulation increased ileum permeability in controls (p < 0.05), but not in buserelin-treated rats. Buserelin did not affect stress behavior.
CONCLUSIONS
Although buserelin treatment leads to enteric neuronal loss along the gastrointestinal tract with an increased percentage of CRF-immunoreactive neurons in colon, the physiology is well preserved, with modest effects on colon microbiota and absence of carbachol-induced permeability in ileum as the only observed changes.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Buserelin; Colon; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Enterobacteriaceae; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Ileum; Intestinal Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Neurons; Permeability; Rats
PubMed: 26710832
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1800-x -
Journal of the National Cancer Institute Jun 2000Surgical or medical castration and antiestrogenic treatment with tamoxifen are common endocrine treatments for premenopausal women with breast cancer. However, tamoxifen... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Surgical or medical castration and antiestrogenic treatment with tamoxifen are common endocrine treatments for premenopausal women with breast cancer. However, tamoxifen therapy induces high levels of plasma estradiol, with unknown long-term effects. In this study, we investigated the effect of combining estrogen suppression with the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist buserelin and estradiol receptor blockade with tamoxifen to determine whether the high estradiol levels induced by tamoxifen could be reduced and whether the antitumor effects would be better.
METHODS
In a three-arm, randomized, prospective trial, from 1988 through 1995, a total of 161 premenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer were randomly assigned to treatment with buserelin, tamoxifen, or both. Patients with steroid receptor-negative tumors or with tumors of unknown receptor status who had a disease-free interval of less than 2 years were excluded. The median follow-up was 7.3 years, during which 76% of the patients died, all of breast cancer. Patient and tumor characteristics were well balanced among treatment groups. All P values are from two-sided tests.
RESULTS
Combined treatment with buserelin and tamoxifen was superior to treatment with buserelin or tamoxifen alone by objective response rate (48%, 34%, and 28% of patients who could be evaluated, respectively; P =.11 [chi(2) test]), median progression-free survival (9.7 months, 6.3 months, and 5.6 months; P =.03), and overall survival (3.7 years, 2.5 years, and 2.9 years; P =.01). Actuarial 5-year survival percentages were 34.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 20.4%-48.0%), 14.9% (95% CI = 3.9%-25.9%), and 18.4% (95% CI = 7.0%-29.8%), respectively. No differences in antitumor effects were observed between single-agent treatment groups. During combined treatment or treatment with buserelin alone, plasma estradiol levels were suppressed equally; in contrast, during treatment with tamoxifen alone, plasma estradiol levels increased threefold to fourfold over pretreatment levels.
CONCLUSION
Combined treatment with buserelin and tamoxifen was more effective and resulted in longer overall survival than treatment with either drug alone.
Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Breast Neoplasms; Buserelin; Disease-Free Survival; Drug Therapy, Combination; Estradiol; Estrogen Receptor Modulators; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Humans; Menstrual Cycle; Middle Aged; Premenopause; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; Survival Analysis; Tamoxifen; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 10841825
DOI: 10.1093/jnci/92.11.903 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Jan 2021The effect of prostaglandin and gonadotrophins (GnRH and hCG) combined with the ram effect on the progesterone (P4) concentrations and reproductive performance of...
The effect of prostaglandin and gonadotrophins (GnRH and hCG) injection combined with the ram effect on progesterone concentrations and reproductive performance of Karakul ewes during the non-breeding season.
The effect of prostaglandin and gonadotrophins (GnRH and hCG) combined with the ram effect on the progesterone (P4) concentrations and reproductive performance of Karakul ewes was investigated during non-breeding season. Ewes (n = 93) received a male effect and were divided into two treatment groups including GnRH - hCG (hCG, n = 32), GnRH - GnRH (GnRH, n = 30) and a control (n = 31) group. This study was carried out from April (hormonal injection) to October (lambing). The first doses of GnRH (4.2 μg, Buserelin) were injected at the beginning of the study in treatment groups. These ewes were treated with hCG (250 IU) or the second GnRH dose five days later. All animals received two injections (ten days apart) of 150 μg PGF2α five days after the hCG or the second GnRH injection. Mating was initiated two days after the second prostaglandin injection and lasted for 34 days. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture on days -10, -5, 0 (first PGF2α injection), 17 and 30 during the study. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed through transabdominal ultrasonography on day 40 after the removing of ram. Conception rate was 93.8, 90 and 87.1% in the hCG, GnRH and control groups, respectively. Lambing rate tended to increase in the hCG group compared with the control group (87.1 versus 58.1%; p < .1). There was no significant difference in P4 concentrations among studied groups in identical sampling times (p > .05). In conclusion, the administration of prostaglandin and hCG in combination with the ram effect tended to decrease lambing period. In other words this protocol tended to increase lambing rate at the first cycle. Treatment with hCG or GnRH did not increase serum P4 concentrations of treated Karakul ewes during the non-breeding season.
Topics: Animals; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Male; Progesterone; Reproduction; Reproductive Control Agents; Sheep, Domestic
PubMed: 32951343
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.353 -
Journal of Equine Science 2016We observed structural changes in the follicles and uterus of heavy draft mares during estrus and examined the effect of a single injection of the gonadotropin-releasing...
We observed structural changes in the follicles and uterus of heavy draft mares during estrus and examined the effect of a single injection of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog buserelin on ovulation and endocrine profiles. Twenty-two heavy draft mares were divided into a buserelin-treated group (n=8) and a control group (n=14). Mares were given an intramuscular injection of 40 µg buserelin when they presented signs of estrus to a teaser stallion, had ≥45 mm diameter follicles, and presented decreased uterine edema compared with the previous examination. The follicles and uterus were monitored using transrectal ultrasound imaging and measurement of blood levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone, and estradiol-17β. The ovulation rates within 48 hr was significantly higher in the treated group (100%, 8/8) than in the control group (57.1%, 8/14; P=0.051). The mean ± SEM time before confirmation of ovulation was 29 ± 9 hr for the treated group and 59 ± 7 hr for the control group. There were no significant differences in mating frequency, double ovulation rate, or fertility rate between the two groups. One to two days after administering buserelin, LH and FSH temporarily increased, and in the control group, LH was high during ovulation, whereas FSH temporarily increased with the growth of the follicle. These results indicate that a single injection of 40 µg buserelin when follicles are at least 45 mm in diameter and uterine edema is decreased is effective for inducing ovulation.
PubMed: 27974874
DOI: 10.1294/jes.27.149