-
The Journal of International Advanced... Aug 2019This study aimed to evaluate the effect of quercetin on cochlear function and morphology, and its possible protective effect against acute cisplatin-induced ototoxicity...
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of quercetin on cochlear function and morphology, and its possible protective effect against acute cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This prospective and controlled animal study was conducted on Wistar albino rats divided into four groups. Otoacoustic emission measures were performed three days after the first infiltration in Group 1 (saline), 2 (cisplatin), and 3 (quercetin). This interval was five days for Group 4 (cisplatin+quercetin). At the end of the study, the rats were decapitated with deep anesthesia, and histological changes in the cochleas were observed by light microscopy.
RESULTS
Group 2 (cisplatin) revealed significant differences between the first and second measures in all frequencies. When compared to other group, the difference of the changes in Group 2 statistically significantly decreased, especially in higher frequencies. Morphologically, there were no acute changes in Group 1 and Group 3. Outer hair cell loss and the degeneration of stria vascularis and spiral ganglion were observed in both Groups 2 and 4; the damages in the latter were lesser.
CONCLUSION
Quercetin does not have negative effect on cochlea, and it has protective effect on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Cisplatin; Female; Organ of Corti; Ototoxicity; Quercetin; Rats, Wistar; Stria Vascularis
PubMed: 31287434
DOI: 10.5152/iao.2019.5902 -
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2022Periodontal healing after third molars extraction seems to be influenced by the choice of different flap techniques. The purpose of the present study was to assess the...
Periodontal healing after third molars extraction seems to be influenced by the choice of different flap techniques. The purpose of the present study was to assess the clinical condition of adjacent first and second molar sites, after the extraction of lower third molars, performed through different flap designs. Eighty patients, aged between 14 and 30 years, were analyzed for periodontal parameters of VPI, PPD, and CAL, pre-operatively (T0), after 15 days (T1), after 1 month (T2), and after 2 months (T3) from extraction. Techniques performed were trapezoidal flap (TRAP), marginal flap (MARG), flap with papilla detachment (DETP), and flap with papilla decapitation (DEC). No significant differences were found between the four flaps at each observation time and considering the interval between T0 and T3, for VPI, PPD at first molar site, PPD at second molar site, and CAL at second molar site. Significant variations for CAL were registered, for each flap, between T0 and T3, in all cases for buccal site, in three cases for buccal-distal site. After 2 months of follow-up, no strong evidence can be assumed for or against the use of a particular flap design for the extraction of lower third molars.
PubMed: 36011244
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081587 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023Removing the panicle encourages the growth of buds on the elongated node by getting rid of apical dominance. Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that suppress...
Removing the panicle encourages the growth of buds on the elongated node by getting rid of apical dominance. Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that suppress tillering in rice. The present study employed panicle removal (RP) and external application of synthesized strigolactones (GR) to modulate rice bud growth at node 2. We focused on the full-heading stage to investigate proteomic changes related to bud germination (RP-Co) and suppression (GR-RP). A total of 434 represented differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were detected, with 272 DAPs explicitly specified in the bud germination process, 106 in the bud suppression process, and 28 in both. DAPs in the germination process were most associated with protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and ribosome biogenesis. DAPs were most associated with metabolic pathways and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in the bud suppression process. Sucrose content and two enzymes of sucrose degradation in buds were also determined. Comparisons of DAPs between the two reversed processes revealed that sucrose metabolism might be a key to modulating rice bud growth. Moreover, sucrose or its metabolites should be a signal downstream of the SLs signal transduction that modulates rice bud outgrowth. Contemplating the result so far, it is possible to open new vistas of research to reveal the interaction between SLs and sucrose signaling in the control of tillering in rice.
PubMed: 38202400
DOI: 10.3390/plants13010091 -
Lakartidningen Jun 2016
Topics: Capital Punishment; Decapitation; History, 19th Century; Humans; Physiology; Sweden
PubMed: 27328157
DOI: No ID Found -
Case Reports in Oncology 2023Regression of malignant melanoma (MM) is a commonly observed phenomenon, which refers to disappearance or loss of all or part of MM. It can be identified both clinically...
INTRODUCTION
Regression of malignant melanoma (MM) is a commonly observed phenomenon, which refers to disappearance or loss of all or part of MM. It can be identified both clinically and histologically, and high probability of histological regression of MM (10-58%) has been reported. However, the decapitation of skin tumor has rarely been described in the English literature, and decapitation in MM has not been reported. Here, we report the case of polypoid MM with spontaneous decapitation.
CASE PRESENTATION
An 81-year-old Japanese woman was referred to our hospital due to a polypoid nodule on her cheek. She was diagnosed with MM at stage IIC (T4bN0M0) by histological examinations. Three weeks after the biopsy, the nodule decapitated spontaneously without bleeding, and an ulcer developed on the base of the polypoid nodule. The histological examination of the additionally resected ulcerative lesion under the nodule revealed infiltration of T cells mainly composed of CD8⁺ natural killer T cells. No recurrence or metastasis has been observed for 4 years.
CONCLUSION
This is the first case report of polypoid MM with spontaneous decapitation, which may be attributed to natural killer T cells. Moreover, this case shows favorable prognosis, while it is said that the regression in thick MM does not have prognostic advantage and polypoid topography has been reported to be related to extremely poor prognosis. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the prognostic advantage of decapitation in MM and other skin tumors.
PubMed: 38089731
DOI: 10.1159/000535194 -
Journal of the American Association For... Sep 2011Dissection of living brain tissue for in vitro experiments requires the use of a rapid euthanasia method. However, the method must not subject animals to unnecessary... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Dissection of living brain tissue for in vitro experiments requires the use of a rapid euthanasia method. However, the method must not subject animals to unnecessary pain and must be aesthetically acceptable to experimenters. The purposes of the current study were to assess the aesthetics of 6 euthanasia methods, measure the procedure duration, and evaluate brain for pathology after each procedure. We digitally recorded euthanasia of isoflurane-anesthetized rats by 6 physical methods: anesthetic overdose, cardiac exsanguination, decapitation, closed intrathoracic transection of the great vessels and heart, thoracic percussion, and thoracotomy with rupture of great vessels. Volunteer researchers and animal caretakers watched the video and completed an associated questionnaire. Anesthetic overdose and cardiac exsanguinations were rated most aesthetically pleasing, although these procedures took the longest to complete. In contrast, decapitation and thoracic percussion were the least aesthetically pleasing, but these methods were the quickest. No demographic factor was identified that could predict whether a given euthanasia procedure would be favored for aesthetic reasons, and participants provided a wide variety of rationales for the aesthetic ratings they assigned. Although all of these euthanasia methods meet the criteria of approved methods of euthanasia of anesthetized rats as defined by the AVMA, aesthetic features and the scientific need for rapid euthanasia are both considerations in selecting a method.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animal Technicians; Animals; Animals, Laboratory; Esthetics; Euthanasia, Animal; Humans; Laboratory Animal Science; Logistic Models; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Surveys and Questionnaires; Volunteers
PubMed: 22330717
DOI: No ID Found -
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Oct 2022The PEPC family proteins are ubiquitous in various plants and play an important role in the process of photosynthetic carbon assimilation and have many...
The PEPC family proteins are ubiquitous in various plants and play an important role in the process of photosynthetic carbon assimilation and have many non-photosynthetic biological functions. However, genes have not been reported in apple. In this study, the members of apple family were identified based on the new apple genome data by bioinformatics analysis, and their expression patterns in different tissues and the apple axillary bud transcriptome treated by decapitation and TDZ (cytokinin) were analyzed in order to explore the role of genes in apple axillary bud outgrowth. The results showed that 6 family members were identified in apple, which distributed on 6 different chromosomes, and had similar physicochemical characteristics. Phylogenetic tree and sequence alignment analysis showed that the MdPEPC could be divided into two subgroups (Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ), in which four members in MdPEPC family were clustered into Group Ⅰ, belonging to plant-type PEPCs. However, MdPEPC4 and MdPEPC5 were clustered into Group Ⅱ with AtPPC4, belonging to bacterial-type PEPCs. There were 7 pairs of fragments repeats among members, but no tandem repeats existed. The promoter -acting element analysis showed that genes were not only affected by light and stress, but also regulated by multiple hormones. The expression profiles showed that all except and were expressed in different apple tissues. Transcriptome data analysis showed that the expression levels of and were up-regulated after decapitation and TDZ treatment, whereas was significantly down-regulated at 48 h after treatments. In conclusion, , and were selected as the candidate genes involved in axillary bud outgrowth regulation for further study.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Malus; Phylogeny; Plant Proteins
PubMed: 36305406
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.220385 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2023Sweet sorghum has emerged as a promising source of bioenergy mainly due to its high biomass and high soluble sugar yield in stems. Studies have shown that...
Sweet sorghum has emerged as a promising source of bioenergy mainly due to its high biomass and high soluble sugar yield in stems. Studies have shown that loss-of-function locus alleles have been selected during sweet sorghum domestication, and decapitation can further boost sugar accumulation in sweet sorghum, indicating that the potential for improving sugar yields is yet to be fully realized. To maximize sugar accumulation, it is essential to gain a better understanding of the mechanism underlying the massive accumulation of soluble sugars in sweet sorghum stems in addition to the locus. We performed a transcriptomic analysis upon decapitation of near-isogenic lines for mutant (, juicy stems, and green leaf midrib) and functional (, dry stems and white leaf midrib) alleles at the locus. Our analysis revealed that decapitation suppressed photosynthesis in leaves, but accelerated starch metabolic processes in stems. negatively correlates with sugar levels supported by genotypes ( vs. ), treatments (control vs. decapitation), and developmental stages post anthesis (3d vs.10d). locus gene and other programmed cell death-related genes were downregulated by decapitation, while sugar transporter-encoding gene was induced. Both and were detected in phloem companion cells by RNA assay. Loss of the homolog, in led to a sugar accumulation increase. This study provides new insights into sugar accumulation enhancement in bioenergy crops, which can be potentially achieved by reducing reproductive sink strength and enhancing phloem unloading.
PubMed: 37767289
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1233813 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Jun 2018OBJECTIVE To substantiate current AVMA guidelines for immersion euthanasia of goldfish (Carassius auratus) with tricaine methanesulfonate (TMS), determine whether...
OBJECTIVE To substantiate current AVMA guidelines for immersion euthanasia of goldfish (Carassius auratus) with tricaine methanesulfonate (TMS), determine whether immersion in propofol at 5 times its immersion anesthesia concentration for 30 minutes is sufficient for euthanasia of goldfish, and quantify the duration of myocardial contraction following immersion of goldfish in TMS and decapitation. DESIGN Prospective clinical trial. ANIMALS 36 healthy, adult goldfish. PROCEDURES Goldfish were randomly assigned to be immersed in 1 of 6 test solution treatments (n = 6/treatment): TMS (500 mg/L) for 15 minutes followed by placement in anesthetic agent-free water (T15W), placement out of water (T15A), or decapitation (T15D); TMS (1,000 mg/L) for 15 minutes followed by placement in anesthetic agent-free water (T15XW); TMS (500 mg/L) for 30 minutes followed by placement in anesthetic agent-free water (T30W); or propofol (25 mg/L) for 30 minutes followed by placement in anesthetic agent-free water (P30W). Any fish that resumed operculation in group T15A was returned to anesthetic agent-free water. Times from onset of immersion to induction of anesthesia, cessation and resumption of operculation, and recovery (T15W, T15A, T15XW, T30W, P30W) or cessation of Doppler ultrasounds (T15D) were recorded. RESULTS Overall, 5 of 6, 6 of 6, 6 of 6, 6 of 6, and 5 of 6 fish survived in the T15W, T15A, T15XW, T30W, and P30W groups, respectively. Median time to cessation of Doppler ultrasounds in group T15D was 77.5 minutes (range, 30 to 240 minutes). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Timed immersion in test solutions (TMS at 500 mg/L or 1,000 mg/L or propofol at 25 mg/L) resulted in death in only 7% (2/30) of immersed goldfish. Myocardial contractions continued for up to 4 hours in decapitated goldfish.
Topics: Aminobenzoates; Anesthetics; Animals; Euthanasia, Animal; Fishes; Myocardial Contraction; Propofol; Prospective Studies; Random Allocation; Water
PubMed: 29889631
DOI: 10.2460/javma.252.12.1555 -
Regeneration (Oxford, England) Aug 2016While tissue regeneration is typically studied using standard injury models, in nature injuries vary greatly in the amount and location of tissues lost. Planarians have...
While tissue regeneration is typically studied using standard injury models, in nature injuries vary greatly in the amount and location of tissues lost. Planarians have the unique ability to regenerate from many different injuries (including from tiny fragments with no brain), allowing us to study the effects of different injuries on regeneration timelines. We followed the timing of regeneration for one organ, the eye, after multiple injury types that involved tissue loss (single- and double-eye ablation, and decapitation) in . Our data reveal that the timing of regeneration remained constant despite changing injury parameters. Optic tissue regrowth, nerve re-innervation, and functional recovery were similar between injury types (even when the animal was simultaneously regrowing its brain). Changes in metabolic rate (i.e., starving vs. fed regenerates) also had no effect on regeneration timelines. In addition, our data suggest there may exist a role for optic nerve degeneration following eye ablation. Our results suggest that the temporal regulation of planarian eye regeneration is tightly controlled and resistant to variations in injury type.
PubMed: 27800171
DOI: 10.1002/reg2.61