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Dental Materials : Official Publication... Feb 2018The objectives of the study were to evaluate the ability of a 1-ethyl-3 (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC)-containing primer to improve immediate bond strength...
OBJECTIVE
The objectives of the study were to evaluate the ability of a 1-ethyl-3 (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC)-containing primer to improve immediate bond strength of either self-etch or etch-and-rinse adhesive systems and to stabilize the adhesive interfaces over time. A further objective was to investigate the effect of EDC on the dentinal MMPs activity using zymographic analysis.
METHODS
Freshly extracted molars (n=80, 20 for each group) were selected to conduct microtensile bond strength tests. The following groups were tested, immediately or after 1-year aging in artificial saliva: G1: Clearfil SE (CSE) primer applied on unetched dentin, pretreated with 0.3M EDC water-solution for 1min and bonded with CSE Bond; G2: as G1 but without EDC pre-treatment; G3: acid-etched (35% phosphoric-acid for 15s) dentin pretreated with 0.3M EDC, then bonded with XP Bond (XPB); Group 4 (G4): as G3 without EDC pre-treatment. Further, gelatinase activity in dentin powder treated with CSE and XPB with and without EDC pre-treatment, was analyzed using gelatin zymography.
RESULTS
The use of 0.3M EDC-containing conditioner did not affect the immediate bond strength of XPB or CSE adhesive systems (p>0.05), while it improved the bond strength after 1year of aging (p<0.05). Pre-treatment with EDC followed by the application of CSE resulted in an incomplete MMPs inactivation, while EDC pretreatment followed by the application of XPB resulted in an almost complete inactivation of dentinal gelatinases.
SIGNIFICANCE
The μTBS and zymography results support the efficacy of EDC over time and reveal that changes within the dentin matrix promoted by EDC are not adhesive-system-dependent.
Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Carbodiimides; Dental Bonding; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives; Materials Testing; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Resin Cements; Smear Layer; Surface Properties; Tensile Strength
PubMed: 29179972
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.11.009 -
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of... May 2018Bonding to demineralized dentin of a diseased tooth has shown to be a significant clinical issue. This study evaluated the effect of 0.2% NaF-(NaF), MI...
Bonding to demineralized dentin of a diseased tooth has shown to be a significant clinical issue. This study evaluated the effect of 0.2% NaF-(NaF), MI Paste™-(CPP-ACP) and the self-assembling peptide 'P' (Ace-QQRFEWEFEQQ-NH) contained in Curodont™ Repair, have on microtensile bond strength-(µTBS) of two different adhesive systems (Adper™ Single Bond-(SB) or Clearfil™ SE Bond (CSE)) and wettability of demineralized dentin slices after remineralising agents were applied. The highest µTBS were found for the demineralized dentin-(DD) treated with CPP-ACP; both adhesives systems (p < 0.05) did not significantly difference from P treatment associated with SB, and also presented higher values than sound dentin-(SD/SB) (p < 0.01). DD treated with P associated with CSE did not differ from DD/CSE (p > 0.05). The NaF treatment associated with CSE recovered the bond strength values of SD/CSE and associated with CSE demonstrated lower µTBS than other groups, although significantly higher than DD (p < 0.05). P and CPP-ACP increased significantly the wettability of demineralized dentin (p < 0.05); etching acid improved wettability for all groups (p < 0.05), whilst NaF did not affect the wettability of demineralized dentin (p > 0.05). Morphological analysis of the dentin surface and dentin-resin interface revealed unique features of the applied remineralizing agent. The results indicated that self-assembling peptide P associated with SB and CPP-ACP associated with SB or CSE significantly enhanced the bond strength to demineralized dentin (p < 0.05). We conclude that by modifying the dentine surface and restoring conditions found on sound dentin, this can enhance the interfacial bonding.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Biomechanical Phenomena; Calcium Phosphates; Dentin; Humans; Mechanical Phenomena; Minerals; Oligopeptides; Sodium Fluoride
PubMed: 29550716
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.03.007 -
Acta Biomaterialia Jul 2012The prevention and treatment of dental caries are major challenges occurring in dentistry. The foundations for modern management of this dental disease, estimated to... (Review)
Review
The prevention and treatment of dental caries are major challenges occurring in dentistry. The foundations for modern management of this dental disease, estimated to affect 90% of adults in Western countries, rest upon the dependence of ultrafine interactions between synthetic polymeric biomaterials and nanostructured supramolecular assemblies that compose the tooth organic substrate. Research has shown, however, that this interaction imposes less than desirable long-term prospects for current resin-based dental restorations. Here we review progress in the identification of the nanostructural organization of the organic matrix of dentin, the largest component of the tooth structure, and highlight aspects relevant to understating the interaction of restorative biomaterials with the dentin substrate. We offer novel insights into the influence of the hierarchically assembled supramolecular structure of dentin collagen fibrils and their structural dependence on water molecules. Secondly, we review recent evidence for the participation of proteoglycans in composing the dentin organic network. Finally, we discuss the relation of these complexly assembled nanostructures with the protease degradative processes driving the low durability of current resin-based dental restorations. We argue in favour of the structural limitations that these complexly organized and inherently hydrated organic structures may impose on the clinical prospects of current hydrophobic and hydrolyzable dental polymers that establish ultrafine contact with the tooth substrate.
Topics: Adhesiveness; Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Dental Restoration Repair; Dentin; Extracellular Matrix; Humans; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 22414619
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.02.022 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2024This study was to investigate a novel antibacterial biomimetic mineralization strategy for exploring its potential application for root canal disinfection when...
OBJECTIVE
This study was to investigate a novel antibacterial biomimetic mineralization strategy for exploring its potential application for root canal disinfection when stabilized cerium oxide was used.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A biomimetic mineralization solution (BMS) consisting of cerium nitrate and dextran was prepared. Single-layer collagen fibrils, collagen membranes, demineralized dentin, and root canal system were treated with the BMS for mineralization. The mineralized samples underwent comprehensive characterization using various techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and micro-CT. Additionally, the antimicrobial properties of the BMS and the remineralized dentin were also analyzed with broth microdilution method, live/dead staining, and SEM.
RESULTS
Cerium ions in the BMS underwent a transformation into cerium oxide nanoparticles, which were deposited in the inter- and intra-fibrillar collagen spaces through a meticulous bottom-up process. XPS analysis disclosed the presence of both Ce (III) and Ce (IV) of the generated cerium oxides. A comprehensive examination utilizing SEM and micro-CT identified the presence of cerium oxide nanoparticles deposited within the dentinal tubules and lateral canals of the root canal system. The BMS and remineralized dentin exhibited substantial antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis, as substantiated by assessments involving the broth dilution method and live/dead staining technique. The SEM findings revealed the cell morphological changes of deceased E. faecalis.
CONCLUSION
This study successfully demonstrated antibacterial biomimetic mineralization as well as sealing dentinal tubules and lateral branches of root canals using cerium nitrate and dextran. This novel biomimetic mineralization could be used as an alternative strategy for root canal disinfection.
Topics: Dental Pulp Cavity; Dentin; Disinfection; Dextrans; Cerium; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Collagen; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38179219
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S441060 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Oct 2020Teeth have been studied for decades and continue to reveal information relevant to human evolution. Studies have shown that many traits of the outer enamel surface...
Teeth have been studied for decades and continue to reveal information relevant to human evolution. Studies have shown that many traits of the outer enamel surface evolve neutrally and can be used to infer human population structure. However, many of these traits are unavailable in archaeological and fossil individuals due to processes of wear and taphonomy. Enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) morphology, the shape of the junction between the enamel and the dentine within a tooth, captures important information about tooth development and vertebrate evolution and is informative because it is subject to less wear and thus preserves more anatomy in worn or damaged specimens, particularly in mammals with relatively thick enamel like hominids. This study looks at the molar EDJ across a large sample of human populations. We assessed EDJ morphological variation in a sample of late Holocene modern humans ( = 161) from archaeological populations using μ-CT biomedical imaging and geometric morphometric analyses. Global variation in human EDJ morphology was compared to the statistical expectations of neutral evolution and "Out of Africa" dispersal modeling of trait evolution. Significant correlations between phenetic variation and neutral genetic variation indicate that EDJ morphology has evolved neutrally in humans. While EDJ morphology reflects population history, its global distribution does not follow expectations of the Out of Africa dispersal model. This study increases our knowledge of human dental variation and contributes to our understanding of dental development more broadly, with important applications to the investigation of population history and human genetic structure.
Topics: Africa; Americas; Asia; Australia; Biological Evolution; Dental Enamel; Dentin; Europe; Fossils; Humans; Paleodontology
PubMed: 33020281
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008037117 -
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi = Huaxi... Dec 2021This study was performed to evaluate the occlusion of monetite paste on dentine tubule and provide a new potential method for treating dentine hypersensitivity.
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to evaluate the occlusion of monetite paste on dentine tubule and provide a new potential method for treating dentine hypersensitivity.
METHODS
Calcium oxide, strontium chloride, and polyethylene glycol phosphate were mixed in a certain proportion and ground in a planetary ball mill. The reaction was carried out by adjusting the pH to obtain monetite and hydroxyapatite paste. The morphological characteristics of the paste were observed through scanning electron microscope (SEM). The structure and composition were analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The extracted third molar was selected to undergo demineralization to establish the study model of dentin hypersensitivity. The samples were randomly divided into four groups: blank control group (treated with distilled water), casein peptide phosphate-amorphic calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) group, monetite paste group, and hydroxyapatite paste group. Each group was used to scrub the dentin surface with the corresponding materials for 7 days. The morphological characteristics of the dentin surface and section were observed through SEM, the microhardness of the dentin before and after mineralization was analyzed with a microhardness tester, and the composition of the deposits on the surface of the mineralized samples was examined through XRD.
RESULTS
XRD and FTIR showed that the composition of the paste was mainly monetite, and the composition of hydroxyapatite paste was mainly composed of hydroxyapatite. SEM revealed that the size of the crystal particles of the synthesized paste was tens to hundreds of nanometers. Monetite and hydroxyapatite paste could produce a thicker mineralization layer on the dentin surface, and the mineralization of the dentin tubules of monetite was deeper than that of hydroxyapatite paste. The microhardness of the monetite paste group was significantly less than those of the hydroxyapatite paste groups (<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Monetite paste could effectively block the exposed dentin tubules and be used for treating dentin hypersensitivity.
Topics: Calcium Phosphates; Dentin; Dentin Sensitivity; Durapatite; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
PubMed: 34859626
DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2021.06.007 -
Journal of Dental Research Feb 2013Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidative agent commonly used for dental bleaching procedures. The structural and biochemical responses of enamel, dentin, and pulp tissues to...
Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidative agent commonly used for dental bleaching procedures. The structural and biochemical responses of enamel, dentin, and pulp tissues to the in vivo bleaching of human (n = 20) premolars were investigated in this study. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to observe enamel nanostructure. The chemical composition of enamel and dentin was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The enzymatic activities of dental cathepsin B and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were monitored with fluorogenic substrates. The amount of collagen in dentin was measured by emission of collagen autofluorescence with confocal fluorescence microscopy. The presence of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the pulp was evaluated with a fluorogenic 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) probe. Vital bleaching of teeth significantly altered all tested parameters: AFM images revealed a corrosion of surface enamel nanostructure; FTIR analysis showed a loss of carbonate and proteins from enamel and dentin, along with an increase in the proteolytic activity of cathepsin-B and MMPs; and there was a reduction in the autofluorescence of collagen and an increase in both cathepsin-B activity and ROS in pulp tissues. Together, these results indicate that 35% hydrogen peroxide used in clinical bleaching protocols dramatically alters the structural and biochemical properties of dental hard and soft pulp tissue.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bicuspid; Carbonates; Cathepsin B; Chromogenic Compounds; Collagen; Cysteine Proteases; Dental Enamel; Dental Pulp; Dentin; Female; Fluoresceins; Fluorescent Dyes; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Microscopy, Atomic Force; Microscopy, Confocal; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Nanostructures; Reactive Oxygen Species; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Tooth Bleaching Agents; Young Adult
PubMed: 23242228
DOI: 10.1177/0022034512470831 -
Brazilian Oral Research 2012The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of toothbrushing with desensitizing toothpastes on dentin permeability and dentinal tubule occlusion. Fifty rats...
The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of toothbrushing with desensitizing toothpastes on dentin permeability and dentinal tubule occlusion. Fifty rats provided two hundred incisor teeth divided into five groups: DW, brushed with distilled water (control); FT, brushed with fluoride toothpaste; SCT, brushed with strontium chloride toothpaste; PCT, brushed with potassium citrate toothpaste; and PNT, brushed with potassium nitrate toothpaste. Cavities were prepared to expose the dentinal tubules, and the incisor teeth were brushed using the experimental agents. After each treatment, Evans blue dye solution was applied to the teeth. Dentin permeability was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-rays (EDX). There were significant differences (p < 0.0001, ANOVA) among the groups regarding dentin permeability, number of dentinal tubules, diameter of dentinal tubules, and opened tubular area. In the SCT, PCT and PNT groups, opened and partially occluded tubules, deposits, and a few smear layers were observed. In the DW and FT groups, most of the dentinal tubules were open, with no deposits or smear layers on the dentin. EDX revealed peaks of calcium and phosphorus in all of the groups, as well as traces of strontium in the SCT group and of potassium in the PCT and PNT groups. Desensitizing toothpaste decreased dentin permeability, although it produced only partial dentin tubule occlusion.
Topics: Animals; Dentin; Dentin Desensitizing Agents; Dentin Permeability; Dentin Sensitivity; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Models, Animal; Organ Size; Rats; Reproducibility of Results; Smear Layer; Surface Properties; Toothbrushing; Toothpastes
PubMed: 23018228
DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242012000500006 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... 2016Study the topographic features of dentin after caries removal with a chemomechanical agent (Papacarie) compared with the conventional drilling method. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
AIM
Study the topographic features of dentin after caries removal with a chemomechanical agent (Papacarie) compared with the conventional drilling method.
STUDY DESIGN
The sample included 7 exfoliated and extracted primary teeth with carious dentin lesions, not reaching the pulp. Each tooth was sectioned longitudinally through the center of the carious lesions into two halves. The teeth were then divided into two groups according to the method of caries removal. Following caries removal, dentin topography and the cut section were examined using the scanning electron microscope.
RESULTS
Papacarie produced an irregular, porous, rough and globular dentin appearance. The dentin surfaces were generally free of smear layer, visible bacteria and the dentinal tubules were opened. The dentin cut surfaces showed patent dentinal tubules with open orifices. The drilling method created a smooth and amorphous surface with a continuous smear layer occluding the dentinal tubules. Numerous bacteria were also observed. The cut dentin surfaces showed patent dentinal tubules with their orifices plugged with smear layer.
CONCLUSIONS
Papacarie produced a rough and porous surface with partial or complete removal of the smear layer and opened dentinal tubules, while the drill produced a smooth surface with uniform smear layer occluding the dentinal tubules.
Topics: Bacteria; Collagen; Dental Caries; Dental Cavity Preparation; Dental High-Speed Equipment; Dentin; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Papain; Porosity; Smear Layer; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 27805895
DOI: 10.17796/1053-4628-40.6.472 -
European Journal of Oral Sciences Oct 2022Glass ionomer (GI) cements and self-etch (SE) or universal adhesives after etching (ER) adapt variably with dentine. Dentine characteristics vary with depth...
Glass ionomer (GI) cements and self-etch (SE) or universal adhesives after etching (ER) adapt variably with dentine. Dentine characteristics vary with depth (deep/shallow), location (central/peripheral), and microscopic site (intertubular/peritubular). To directly compare adhesion to dentine, non-destructive imaging and testing are required. Here, GI, ER, and SE adapted at different dentine depths, locations, and sites were investigated using micro-CT, xenon plasma focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (Xe PFIB-SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Extracted molars were prepared to deep or shallow slices and treated with the three adhesives. Micro-CT was used to compare changes to air volume gaps, following thermocycling, and statistically analysed using a quantile regression model and Fisher's exact test. The three adhesives performed similarly across dentine depths and locations, yet no change or overall increases and decreases in gaps at all dentine depths and locations were measured. The Xe PFIB-SEM-milled dentine-adhesive interfaces facilitated high-resolution characterization, and element profiling revealed variations across the tooth-material interfaces. Dentine depth and location had no impact on adhesive durability, although microscopic differences were observed. Here we demonstrate how micro-CT and Xe PFIB-SEM can be used to compare variable dental materials without complex multi-stage specimen preparation to minimize artefacts.
Topics: Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dental Materials; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Glass Ionomer Cements; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Resin Cements; Surface Properties; X-Rays; Xenon
PubMed: 35959863
DOI: 10.1111/eos.12890