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Caries Research 2004The ultimate goal of a regenerative pulp treatment strategy is to reconstitute normal tissue continuum at the pulp-dentin border, regulating tissue-specific processes of... (Review)
Review
The ultimate goal of a regenerative pulp treatment strategy is to reconstitute normal tissue continuum at the pulp-dentin border, regulating tissue-specific processes of tertiary dentinogenesis. Experimental investigations in mature teeth have shown that a network of extracellular matrix molecules and growth factors signal tertiary dentinogenesis. Application of dentin matrix components or growth factors in deep dentinal cavities stimulated up-regulation of biosynthetic activity of primary odontoblasts (reactionary dentin formation). Pulp-capping studies with a broad spectrum of biological agents, including growth factors and extracellular matrix molecules, showed formation of osteodentin and/or tertiary dentinogenesis (reparative dentin formation). Promising biologically active substances should be subjected to careful evaluation in well-designed preclinical investigations as well as in long-term clinical trials before their introduction in clinical practice.
Topics: Animals; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; Dental Pulp; Dental Pulp Capping; Dentin; Dentin, Secondary; Humans; Odontoblasts; Regeneration; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Transforming Growth Factor beta1
PubMed: 15153705
DOI: 10.1159/000077771 -
Archives of Oral Biology Jun 2018The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play crucial roles in tooth development. However, several BMPs retain expression in the dentin of the fully patterned and...
OBJECTIVE
The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play crucial roles in tooth development. However, several BMPs retain expression in the dentin of the fully patterned and differentiated tooth. We hypothesized that BMP signaling therefore plays a role in the function of the differentiated odontoblast, the job of which is to lay down and mineralize the dentin matrix.
DESIGN
We generated mice deficient in Bmp2 and 4 using a dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1) promoter-driven cre recombinase that was expressed in differentiated odontoblasts.
RESULTS
The first and second molars of these Bmp2 and Bmp4 double conditional knockout (DcKO) mice displayed reduced dentin and enlarged pulp chambers compared to cre-negative littermate controls. DcKO mouse dentin in first molars was characterized by small, disorganized dentinal fibers, a wider predentin layer, and reduced expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), and bone sialoprotein (BSP). DcKO mouse odontoblasts demonstrated increased type I collagen mRNA production, indicating that the loss of BMP signaling altered the rate of collagen gene expression in these cells. Bmp2 and Bmp4 single Dmp1-cre knockout mice displayed no discernable dentin phenotype.
CONCLUSIONS
These data demonstrate that BMP signaling in differentiated odontoblasts is necessary for proper dentin production in mature teeth.
Topics: Animals; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; Cell Differentiation; Collagen Type I; Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain; Dental Pulp Cavity; Dentin; Dentinogenesis; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; In Situ Hybridization; Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Molar; Odontoblasts; Phosphoproteins; Sialoglycoproteins; Signal Transduction; X-Ray Microtomography
PubMed: 29529483
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.02.004 -
Archives of Oral Biology Mar 2017To assess the effect of chitosan, at concentrations of 2.5% and 5.0%, on the wettability of the eroded dentin, followed by analysis of surface morphology by SEM.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the effect of chitosan, at concentrations of 2.5% and 5.0%, on the wettability of the eroded dentin, followed by analysis of surface morphology by SEM.
METHODS
104 bovine dentin slabs were ground, polished and then immersed in 20mL of citric acid (pH=3.2) under continuous stirring for 2h. Specimens were randomly divided according to the dentin substrate: sound and eroded, and then, subdivided into 4 groups (n=10): without rewetting (control), 1% acetic acid, 2.5% chitosan and 5.0% chitosan. Then, a drop of the adhesive system Single Bond 2 (3M) was deposited onto surface of each specimen. The contact angle between dentin surface and the adhesive system was measured by using a goniometer. The other 24 specimens were subjected to analysis under SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using the normality test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) (p>0.05).
RESULTS
No differences were found between the angles produced on the eroded dentin rewetting with chitosan at the concentrations of 2.5% and 5%.
CONCLUSION
The chitosan, regardless of the concentration used, did not influence the eroded dentin wettability. Through SEM analysis, it was found particles of chitosan deposited on the surface and within the dentinal tubules.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; Cattle; Chitosan; Citric Acid; Dental Bonding; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Incisor; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Tooth Erosion; Wettability
PubMed: 28061390
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.11.017 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2023The occlusion of dentinal tubules has become a rapid and effective method for treating dentin hypersensitivity. Accurate evaluation of dentin occlusion is critical to...
The occlusion of dentinal tubules has become a rapid and effective method for treating dentin hypersensitivity. Accurate evaluation of dentin occlusion is critical to illustrate the efficacy of oral care products and to optimize dental therapy in the clinics, which is limited by the conventional two-dimensional (2-D) characterization methods. Here, we demonstrate the visualization of the dentin occlusion via three-dimensional (3-D) characterization using a focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) tomography. Using the "Slice and View" approach, the material used for occluding dentin tubules is imaged with a very high-resolution voxel (10 nm × 10 nm × 20 nm) from 2-D SEM images and then reconstructed into a 3-D volume, which presents the mode of action of toothpaste for treating dentin hypersensitivity. Meanwhile, quantitative analysis of the depth of occlusion is successfully obtained. This work validates the feasibility of FIB-SEM tomography in the analysis of dentin occlusion within the complicated networks of dentine tubules at the nanoscale, and provides a novel approach to facilitate the research and development of oral care products.
Topics: Humans; Dentin; Dentin Sensitivity; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Dentin Desensitizing Agents
PubMed: 36755136
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29155-1 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2021This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of the novel bioactive adhesive monomer CMET, a calcium salt of 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate acid (4-MET), on human...
This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of the novel bioactive adhesive monomer CMET, a calcium salt of 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate acid (4-MET), on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and its capacity to induce tertiary dentin formation in a rat pulp injury model. Aqueous solutions of four tested materials [4-MET, CMET, Ca(OH), and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)] were added to the culture medium upon confluence, and solvent (dHO) was used as a control. Cell proliferation was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and cell differentiation was evaluated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The mineralization-inducing capacity was evaluated using alizarin red S staining and an alkaline phosphatase activity assay. For an in vivo experiment, a mechanical pulp exposure model was prepared on Wistar rats; damaged pulp was capped with Ca(OH) or CMET. Cavities were sealed with composite resin, and specimens were assessed after 14 and 28 days. The in vitro results showed that CMET exhibited the lowest cytotoxicity and highest odontogenic differentiation capacity among all tested materials. The favorable outcome on cell mineralization after treatment with CMET involved p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinases signaling. The nuclear factor kappa B pathway was involved in the CMET-induced mRNA expression of odontogenic markers. Similar to Ca(OH), CMET produced a continuous hard tissue bridge at the pulp exposure site, but treatment with only CMET produced a regular dentinal tubule pattern. The findings suggest that (1) the evaluated novel bioactive adhesive monomer provides favorable biocompatibility and odontogenic induction capacity and that (2) CMET might be a very promising adjunctive for pulp-capping materials.
Topics: Adhesives; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Dental Pulp; Dentin; Male; Methacrylates; Odontoblasts; Odontogenesis; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Regeneration; Signal Transduction; Stem Cells; Tricarboxylic Acids
PubMed: 34884533
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312728 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Jun 2017The aim of this study is to examine morphological changes of dentin surfaces following air polishing or amino acid buffered hypochlorite solution application and to...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to examine morphological changes of dentin surfaces following air polishing or amino acid buffered hypochlorite solution application and to assess their influence on periodontal ligament (PDL) cell survival, attachment, and spreading to dentin discs in vitro.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Bovine dentin discs were treated with either (i) Classic, (ii) Plus, or (iii) Perio powder (EMS). Furthermore, Perisolv® a hypochlorite solution buffered with various amino acids was investigated. Untreated dentin discs served as controls. Morphological changes to dentin discs were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Human PDL cells were seeded onto the respectively treated discs, and samples were then investigated for PDL cell survival, attachment, and spreading using a live/dead assay, adhesion assay, and SEM imaging, respectively.
RESULTS
Both control and Perisolv®-rinsed dentin discs demonstrated smooth surfaces at low and high magnifications. The Classic powders demonstrated the thickest coating followed by the Powder Plus. The Perio powder demonstrated marked alterations of dentin discs by revealing the potential to open dentinal tubules even before rinsing. Seeding of PDL cells demonstrated an almost 100 % survival rate on all samples demonstrating very high biocompatibility for all materials. Significantly higher PDL cell numbers were observed on samples treated with the Perio powder and the Perisolv® solution (approximately 40 % more cells; p < 0.05). SEM imaging revealed the potential for PDL cells to attach and spread on all surfaces.
CONCLUSION
The results from the present study demonstrate that cell survival and spreading of PDL cells on root surfaces is possible following either air polishing or application with Perisolv®. Future in vitro and animal testing is necessary to further characterize the beneficial effects of either system in a clinical setting.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The use of air polishing or application with Perisolv amino acid buffered hypochlorite solution was effective in treating root surfaces and allowed for near 100 % PDL cell survival, attachment, and spreading onto all root surfaces.
Topics: Air; Amino Acids; Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Buffers; Cattle; Cell Adhesion; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Dental Polishing; Dentin; Hypochlorous Acid; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Periodontal Ligament; Surface Properties
PubMed: 27596604
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1950-9 -
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative... Feb 2021Autologous platelet concentrates such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) have gained overwhelming popularity in regenerative endodontics.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Autologous platelet concentrates such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) have gained overwhelming popularity in regenerative endodontics. Clinical evidence reveals the lack of a particular advantage of using PRP or PRF over an evoked blood clot in promoting canal wall thickening and/or continued root development in immature necrotic teeth. Moreover, despite stimulating tissue repair and repopulating the root canals of immature and mature permanent teeth, the new vital tissue may not possess the functional activity of the native pulp tissue.
METHODS
To better understand the origin, nature, and long-term fate of the tissue types found within the pulp space, we critically examine all available histo-/morphological evidence for pulp-dentine complex regeneration using PRP and/or PRF, alone or together with an evoked blood clot, specialised or unspecialised primary cells, and other biomaterials.
RESULTS
Histological data from clinical studies is scant. Reportedly, the inner dentinal surface supports cementum-like tissue formation, but this interface likely deviates in structure and function from the native cementodentinal junction. Presence of bone-like tissue within the pulp space is intriguing since de novo osteogenesis requires closely coordinated recruitment and differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells. Compared to untreated necrotic teeth, an evoked blood clot (with/without PRF) improves fracture resistance. Tooth regeneration using PRF and dental bud cells is unreliable and the constituent neoformed tissues are poorly organised.
CONCLUSION
PRP/PRF fail to demonstrate a significant advantage over an induced blood clot, alone. The true nature of neoformed tissues remains poorly characterised while their response to subsequent insult/injury is unexplored.
Topics: Dentin; Platelet-Rich Fibrin; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Regenerative Endodontics; Wound Healing
PubMed: 33150561
DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00291-3 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024This systematic review aims to comparatively analyse the amount of dentin removal by free hand and static guided endodontics with dynamic navigation system (DNS) in...
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review aims to comparatively analyse the amount of dentin removal by free hand and static guided endodontics with dynamic navigation system (DNS) in endodontic access cavity preparation.
METHODS
The systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Based on the structured PICO framework of "Comparative evaluation of dynamic navigation system (I) to freehand (C) and static guided endodontics (C) in endodontic access cavity preparation on the preservation of tooth structure (O) when assessed on permanent human teeth (P)", the keywords were formulated and the articles were retrieved from three databases namely PubMed, Scopus and Embase, based on the keywords from the time of inception of DNS till June 2023. The risk of bias assessment was done using a modified Joanne Briggs Institute checklist, which evaluated domains such as randomisation, sample size, image acquisition using CBCT, angulation, accuracy and time taken. As the data was heterogenous, a quantitative meta-analysis was not performed.
RESULTS
Initially, 174 articles were retrieved from the three databases, 30 duplicates were removed, after title check 108 articles were excluded and following abstract check only 10 articles qualified for full text analysis. On reviewing the 10 full text articles, 5 articles were excluded and the remaining 5 articles were subjected to the risk of bias analysis which showed that 2 articles displayed low risk of bias and three articles showed high risk of bias. The RoB analysis revealed that only 2 studies evaluated the preservation of dentin in terms of accuracy, angulation and time taken proving the increased precision with minimal loss of tooth structure using DNS. In both the studies, DNS proved to be superior to free hand technique in terms of precision, accuracy and efficiency in locating the canals during access cavity preparation with maximal preservation of tooth structure.
CONCLUSION
With the minimal literature evidences, the present systematic review highlights maximal preservation of dentin using DNS. However, further invitro and invivo studies comparing the free hand, static guided endodontics to DNS must be carried out for its translation into clinical practice.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Dynamic navigation system provides maximal preservation of dentin during access cavity preparation.
Topics: Humans; Dentin; Root Canal Preparation
PubMed: 38858636
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04450-z -
PloS One 2013To evaluate if bovine enamel and dentin are appropriate substitutes for the respective human hard tooth tissues to test shear bond strength (SBS) and fracture analysis. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
PURPOSE
To evaluate if bovine enamel and dentin are appropriate substitutes for the respective human hard tooth tissues to test shear bond strength (SBS) and fracture analysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
80 sound and caries-free human erupted third molars and 80 freshly extracted bovine permanent central incisors (10 specimens for each group) were used to investigate enamel and dentine adhesion of one 2-step self-etch (SE) and one 3-step etch and rinse (E&R) product. To test SBS the buccal or labial areas were ground plane to obtain appropriate enamel or dentine areas. SE and E&R were applied and SBS was measured prior to and after 500 thermocycles between +5 and +55°C. Fracture analysis was performed for all debonded areas.
RESULTS
ANOVA revealed significant differences of enamel and dentin SBS prior to and after thermocycling for both of the adhesives. SBS- of E&R-bonded human enamel increased after thermocycling but SE-bonded did not. Bovine enamel SE-bonded showed higher SBS after TC but E&R-bonded had lower SBS. No differences were found for human dentin SE- or E&R-bonded prior to or after thermocycling but bovine dentin SE-bonded increased whereas bovine dentine E&R-bonded decreased. Considering the totalized and adhesive failures, fracture analysis did not show significances between the adhesives or the respective tooth tissues prior to or after thermocycling.
CONCLUSION
Although SBS was different on human and bovine teeth, no differences were found for fracture analysis. This indicates that solely conducted SBS on bovine substrate are not sufficient to judge the perfomance of adhesives, thus bovine teeth are questionnable as a substrate for shear bond testing.
Topics: Adhesiveness; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Cattle; Dental Enamel; Dental Etching; Dentin; Humans; Shear Strength; Temperature; Tooth
PubMed: 23527125
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059181 -
BioMed Research International 2014Biodentine is a calcium-silicate based material that has drawn attention in recent years and has been advocated to be used in various clinical applications, such as root... (Review)
Review
Biodentine is a calcium-silicate based material that has drawn attention in recent years and has been advocated to be used in various clinical applications, such as root perforations, apexification, resorptions, retrograde fillings, pulp capping procedures, and dentine replacement. There has been considerable research performed on this material since its launching; however, there is scarce number of review articles that collates information and data obtained from these studies. Therefore, this review article was prepared to provide the reader with a general picture regarding the findings about various characteristics of the material. The results of a PubMed search were classified and presented along with some critical comments where necessary. The review initially focuses on various physical properties of the material with subheadings and continues with biocompatibility. Another section includes the review of studies on Biodentine as a vital pulp treatment material and the article is finalized with the summary of some case reports where the material has been used.
Topics: Acrylic Resins; Bone Resorption; Calcium Compounds; Dental Pulp; Dentin; Humans; Silicates
PubMed: 25025034
DOI: 10.1155/2014/160951