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Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia Jul 2019Galectin 3 is a unique ~31 kDa protein that recognizes the N-acetyl-lactosamine structure of several glycoconjugates. It mainly occurs in epithelial and myeloid cells,... (Review)
Review
Galectin 3 is a unique ~31 kDa protein that recognizes the N-acetyl-lactosamine structure of several glycoconjugates. It mainly occurs in epithelial and myeloid cells, but is also found in a variety of human cell types. In view of the crucial role played by galectin 3 in the regulation of cellular processes of essential importance and in the pathogenetic mechanisms of diverse disorders, it is not surprising that, particularly in the last three decades, the attention of the scientific community has been increasingly drawn to this extraordinary and multifunctional galectin. In this paper the authors summarize current knowledge on the expression of galectin 3 in normal and diseased human skin, its implications in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and prognosis of cutaneous disorders, and the perspectives of a novel approach to the treatment of the latter using galectin 3 or its inhibitors/antagonists.
Topics: Amino Sugars; Blood Proteins; Dermatitis; Galectin 3; Galectins; Humans
PubMed: 31365668
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20198426 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... May 2023
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Dermatitis; Foot Diseases; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 37138722
DOI: No ID Found -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Dec 1951
Topics: Dermatitis; Dermatitis, Contact; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Phosphorus; Phosphorus Compounds
PubMed: 14886853
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Dec 1992Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide are reactive oxygen species (ROS) primarily produced by phagocytic cells as a consequence of the process of phagocytosis. This defensive... (Review)
Review
Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide are reactive oxygen species (ROS) primarily produced by phagocytic cells as a consequence of the process of phagocytosis. This defensive role, may, however, become one of attack when production of ROS is excessive and overwhelms cellular scavenging systems. This happens in situations such as acute inflammation and results in host cell membrane damage, which is particularly prevalent in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as iron and copper. The skin is uniquely vulnerable to this attack being rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and exposed to high oxygen tensions and ultraviolet light, both of which promote production of ROS. Additionally, the respiratory burst of infiltrating polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages in inflamed skin will produce high local levels of superoxide that can release "catalytic iron" from storage proteins such as ferritin. The role of iron and ROS in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin disease is discussed as is the possibility of novel therapeutic strategies based on their removal.
Topics: Dermatitis; Humans; Iron; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 1469283
DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12613740 -
Seminars in Immunology Feb 2011The skin immune system harbors a complex network of dendritic cells (DCs). Recent studies highlight a diverse functional specialization of skin DC subsets. In addition... (Review)
Review
The skin immune system harbors a complex network of dendritic cells (DCs). Recent studies highlight a diverse functional specialization of skin DC subsets. In addition to generating cellular and humoral immunity against pathogens, skin DCs are involved in tolerogenic mechanisms to ensure the maintenance of immune homeostasis, as well as in pathogenesis of chronic inflammation in the skin when excessive immune responses are initiated and unrestrained. Harnessing DCs by directly targeting DC-derived molecules or selectively modulate DC subsets is a convincing strategy to tackle inflammatory skin diseases. In this review we discuss recent advances underlining the functional specialization of skin DCs and discuss the potential implication for future DC-based therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Animals; Dendritic Cells; Dermatitis; Humans; Immunotherapy; Langerhans Cells
PubMed: 21295490
DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2011.01.006 -
BMC Cancer Apr 2023Despite immunotherapy's promise in oncology, its use for sarcoma remains challenging. There are no sarcoma-specific biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI)....
BACKGROUND
Despite immunotherapy's promise in oncology, its use for sarcoma remains challenging. There are no sarcoma-specific biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Previously, we reported our institutional experience highlighting ICI activity in 29 patients with sarcoma. In this study, we explore responses to ICI based on ICI regimen and other covariates to identify significant clinical factors in advanced sarcoma outcomes.
METHODS
Patients in The Ohio State University Sarcoma Clinics were enrolled in the Sarcoma Retrospective ICI database from January 1, 2015 through November 1, 2021. Data included treatment regimen (single-agent ICI or ICI + combination) along with clinical covariates. ICI + combination was further categorized into ICI + medication, ICI + radiation, ICI + surgery, or ICI + multiple (more than 2 modalities). Statistical analysis included log-rank tests and proportional hazard regression. The primary objective was to evaluate overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).
RESULTS
Of the patients in the database, 135 met inclusion criteria. We demonstrated improved OS in patients treated with ICI + combination (p = 0.014, median 64 weeks), but no effect on PFS (p = 0.471, median 31 weeks). Patients with a documented immune-related adverse event (irAE) of dermatitis had improved OS, but only in the ICI + combination cohort (p = 0.021). Patients who received single-agent ICI and whose change in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was less than 5 had an improved OS (p = 0.002); this was not seen in patients who received ICI + combination therapy (p = 0.441). There were no differences in OS based on age, gender, histology, or subcategories of ICI + combination. This was not the case for PFS; patients who received any ICI regimen and were younger than 70 had a worse PFS (p = 0.036) compared with their older counterparts in this dataset. Patients who developed an irAE, specifically colitis (p = 0.009), hepatitis (p = 0.048), or dermatitis (p = 0.003), had an improved PFS. There were no differences in PFS based on ICI regimen (or subcategories of ICI + combination), gender, histology, change in NLR, or grade of irAE.
CONCLUSIONS
This retrospective study demonstrates that ICI + combination therapy can improve OS in some patients with advanced sarcoma. This is consistent with our prior results of ICI in sarcoma.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Biomarkers; Immunotherapy; Dermatitis
PubMed: 37029351
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10758-w -
Veterinary Dermatology Apr 2021Equine pastern dermatitis (EPD) is a common dermatological problem in horses, yet its aetiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood.
BACKGROUND
Equine pastern dermatitis (EPD) is a common dermatological problem in horses, yet its aetiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate the effects of lesion severity and topical antimicrobial treatment on bacterial flora of EPD-affected skin.
ANIMALS
Sixteen horses with EPD were investigated.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
An observational study was conducted by assigning a clinical severity score ranging from 0 (macroscopically nonlesional) to 21 (severe), and sampling the most and least severely affected limbs of 16 horses (32 limbs) for bacteriological culture and 16S rRNA sequencing. Topical antimicrobial treatment in the month before sampling was recorded. The limbs were allocated to a nonlesional or mildly affected group (Group A, score 0-3) and a moderate to severely affected group (Group B, score 4-21).
RESULTS
The most commonly cultured bacterial species was Staphylococcus aureus (one of 15 Group A versus nine of 17 Group B). Within Group B, S. aureus was found in three of six limbs treated with topical antimicrobials and in six of 11 untreated limbs. β-haemolytic streptococci (three of 32) and Trueperella pyogenes (two of 32) also were cultured exclusively in the untreated limbs of Group B. Staphylococci and streptococci were found more often by 16S rRNA sequencing than in culture. Limbs with higher lesion severity and topical antimicrobial treatment appeared to have a lower alpha diversity and different beta diversity compared to milder and untreated lesions.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Observed differences in microbiota of equine skin are likely to be linked to the presence and severity of EPD and topical antimicrobial treatment. Further research is needed to establish causal bacteria.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dermatitis; Horse Diseases; Horses; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 33417744
DOI: 10.1111/vde.12912 -
Nihon Rinsho Men'eki Gakkai Kaishi =... 2010Adhesion molecules are critical for leukocytes migration to the skin. Leukocytes must first be captured or tethered from the flowing blood allowing them to roll along... (Review)
Review
Adhesion molecules are critical for leukocytes migration to the skin. Leukocytes must first be captured or tethered from the flowing blood allowing them to roll along the skin vessels. Leukocytes are activated by chemoattractants, which results in firm adhesion and arrest and ultimately transendothelial migration into the tissue. Selectin family which consists of L-selectin, P-selectin, E-selectin is critical for capture and rolling. Deficiency of these molecules leads to the diminution of cutaneous inflammation. Firm adhesion is governed by β2 integrin and α4 integrin. Inhibition of β2 integrin and its ligand ICAM-1 also reduce cutaneous inflammation. Similarly, blocking of α4 integrin and its ligand VCAM-1 alleviate inflammation of the skin. Transmigration and diapedesis are mediated by various molecules such as PECAM-1, CD99, and JAM, whose inhibition also leads to amelioration of skin inflammation. Manipulating adhesion molecules might lead to novel therapy to treat dermatitis by controlling leukocytes migration into cutaneous sites of inflammation.
Topics: Animals; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Dermatitis; Humans; Integrins; Mice; Selectins
PubMed: 21048385
DOI: 10.2177/jsci.33.242 -
Indian Pediatrics Sep 2013
Topics: Adolescent; Blister; Dermatitis; Female; Humans; Self-Injurious Behavior; Skin; Thigh
PubMed: 24096855
DOI: No ID Found -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Jun 2009
Topics: Animals; Bedbugs; Dermatitis; Disease Outbreaks; Female; France; Hospitals; Humans; Insect Bites and Stings; Insect Control; Nursing Homes
PubMed: 19523318
DOI: 10.3201/eid1506.081480