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The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Mar 2012It is now clear that the epidermis has an active role in local immune responses in the skin. Keratinocytes are involved early in inflammation by providing first-line... (Review)
Review
It is now clear that the epidermis has an active role in local immune responses in the skin. Keratinocytes are involved early in inflammation by providing first-line innate mechanisms and, in addition, can contribute to adaptive immune responses that may be associated with clinical disease. Moreover, keratinocytes are capable of enhancing and shaping the outcome of inflammation in response to stimuli and promoting particular types of immune bias. Through understanding the underlying mechanisms, the role of keratinocytes in disease pathogenesis will be further defined, which is likely to lead to the identification of potential targets for prophylactic or therapeutic intervention.
Topics: Dermatitis; Epidermis; Humans; Immune System; Keratinocytes
PubMed: 22217742
DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.398 -
Poultry Science Oct 2010Footpad dermatitis (FPD) is a condition that causes necrotic lesions on the plantar surface of the footpads in growing broilers and turkeys. This condition not only... (Review)
Review
Footpad dermatitis (FPD) is a condition that causes necrotic lesions on the plantar surface of the footpads in growing broilers and turkeys. This condition not only causes downgrades and condemnations of saleable chicken paws, the portion of the leg below the spur, but is also an animal welfare concern in both the United States and in Europe.. Revenue from chicken paws in 2008 alone was worth $280 million. Harvesting large, unblemished paws has become a priority to poultry companies all over the world. Research on this subject has been ongoing since the 1940s and has looked into many different areas including nutrition, environment, and genetics. Early research looked at nutritional deficiencies such as riboflavin and biotin mainly in turkey poults. This early research was most likely looking at a separate form of dermatitis than what is being investigated now. Recent findings have suggested that there is a myriad of interacting factors that lead to FPD. Litter moisture appears to be the most likely culprit in the onset of this condition. Research has also shown a possible genetic link in the susceptibility to development of FPD lesions. Current chicken paw prices have skyrocketed due to a large export market in Asia. To produce unblemished paws for both increased profit and comply with current animal welfare recommendations, further research is needed to understand how the condition develops and what strategies can be used to prevent it.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Dermatitis; Foot Diseases; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 20852093
DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00770 -
Clinical Medicine & Research Dec 2017Moisturizer is a major component of basic daily skin care, particularly in presence of epidermal barrier alteration and reduced epidermal water content. It is an... (Review)
Review
Moisturizer is a major component of basic daily skin care, particularly in presence of epidermal barrier alteration and reduced epidermal water content. It is an important part of a dermatologist's strategy to maintain skin health as well as treating various dermatoses which co-exist with skin dryness and are linked to impaired skin barrier function, such as in atopic disorders as well as other types of dermatitis. Mastering the knowledge regarding mechanism of action, application, dosage, adverse effects as well as specific clinical usage of moisturizers is a must for a dermatologist in order to support their use, particularly for evidence-based, therapeutic purposes. This review discusses the use of moisturizer both for skin health maintenance as well as a definitive or adjuvant therapy for many kinds of dermatitis.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Dermatitis; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatitis, Contact; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Drug Compounding; Emollients; Humans; Hygroscopic Agents; Skin Care; Skin Cream; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 29229630
DOI: 10.3121/cmr.2017.1363 -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas Mar 2017
Topics: Adalimumab; Adult; Cellulitis; Crohn Disease; Dermatitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Substitution; Giant Cells; Granuloma; Humans; Infliximab; Male; Sarcoidosis; Thigh
PubMed: 27793343
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2016.08.006 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2019Autoinflammatory diseases include disorders with a monogenic cause and also complex conditions associated to polygenic or multifactorial factors. An increased number of... (Review)
Review
Autoinflammatory diseases include disorders with a monogenic cause and also complex conditions associated to polygenic or multifactorial factors. An increased number of both monogenic and polygenic autoinflammatory conditions have been identified during the last years. Although skin manifestations are often predominant in monogenic autoinflammatory diseases, clinical and histopathological information regarding their dermatological involvement is still scarce. Monogenic autoinflammatory diseases with cutaneous expression can be classified based on the predominant lesion: (1) maculopapular rashes or inflammatory plaques; (2) urticarial rashes; (3) pustular, pyogenic or neutrophilic dermatosis-like rashes; (4) panniculitis or subcutaneous nodules; (5) vasculitis or vasculopathy; (6) hyperkeratotic lesions; (7) hyperpigmented lesions; (8) bullous lesions; and (9) aphthous lesions. By using this classification, this review intends to provide clinical and histopathological knowledge about cutaneous involvement in monogenic autoinflammatory diseases.
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Autoimmunity; Biomarkers; Biopsy; Dermatitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Phenotype; Skin; Symptom Assessment
PubMed: 31736939
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02448 -
British Medical Journal Feb 1967
Topics: Adult; Dermatitis; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Diaper Rash; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Infant; Intertrigo; Pityriasis; Soaps
PubMed: 4225016
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.5536.349 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2018In the last few decades, our understanding of Langerhans cells (LCs) has drastically changed based on novel findings regarding the developmental origin and biological... (Review)
Review
In the last few decades, our understanding of Langerhans cells (LCs) has drastically changed based on novel findings regarding the developmental origin and biological functions of these epidermis-specific resident immune cells. It has become clear that LCs not only exert pivotal roles in immune surveillance and homeostasis but also impact on pathology by either inducing tolerance or mediating inflammation. Their unique capabilities to self-renew within the epidermis, while also being able to migrate to lymph nodes in order to present antigen, place LCs in a key position to sample the local environment and decide on the appropriate cutaneous immune response. Exciting new data distinguishing LCs from Langerin dermal dendritic cells (DCs) on a functional and ontogenic level reveal crucial roles for LCs in trauma and various skin pathologies, which will be thoroughly discussed here. However, despite rapid progress in the field, the exact role of LCs during immune responses has not been completely elucidated. This review focuses on what mouse models that have been developed in order to enable the study of murine LCs and other Langerin-expressing DCs have taught us about LC development and function.
Topics: Allergens; Animals; Biomarkers; Cellular Microenvironment; Dermatitis; Disease Susceptibility; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunity, Innate; Langerhans Cells; Neoplasms; Phenotype; Wound Healing
PubMed: 29449841
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00093 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2023Hand eczema (HE) is a highly prevalent, recurrent, and multifactorial disease. It encompasses a group of eczematous diseases that affect the hands, etiologically... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Hand eczema (HE) is a highly prevalent, recurrent, and multifactorial disease. It encompasses a group of eczematous diseases that affect the hands, etiologically classified into irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and atopic dermatitis (AD). Few epidemiological studies in Latin America have investigated the characteristics of patients with this condition and the origin of the disease.
OBJECTIVES
To analyze the profile of patients diagnosed with HE submitted to patch tests aiming to determine its etiology.
METHODS
A retrospective descriptive study was carried out on epidemiological data and patch tests of patients with HE treated at a tertiary hospital in the city of São Paulo from January 2013 to December 2020.
RESULTS
A total of 173 patients were studied, whose final diagnosis was 61.8% of ICD, 23.1% of ACD and 5.2% of AD, with diagnostic overlap in 42.8% of the cases. The main positive and relevant patch tests were: Kathon CG (42%), nickel sulfate (33%), and thiuram mix (18%).
STUDY LIMITATIONS
The number of treated cases and socioeconomic profile was limited to a vulnerable population group.
CONCLUSION
HE is a diagnosis in which overlapping etiologies are frequent, with the main sensitizers identified in ACD being Kathon CG, nickel sulfate and thiuram mix.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Thiram; Patch Tests; Brazil; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Eczema; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatitis, Irritant; Allergens
PubMed: 36870887
DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2022.02.007 -
Schweizer Archiv Fur Tierheilkunde May 2022Equine pastern dermatitis has a high prevalence in the equine population, especially in draft breeds. This skin condition is difficult to treat, and it is suspected that...
Equine pastern dermatitis has a high prevalence in the equine population, especially in draft breeds. This skin condition is difficult to treat, and it is suspected that owners often decide on a treatment without consulting a veterinarian. The objectives of this study were to describe owner-reported clinical signs, severity, and reasons to consult a veterinarian. Moreover, we inquired about preventive measures and treatments, both instituted by owners without previous consultation or prescribed by their veterinarians. A total of 123 horses (owners recruited over social media) were included in the study. All horses suffered from equine pastern dermatitis at least once in the two years preceding the study. Standardized questionnaires collecting information on management, housing conditions, clinical signs as well as preventive measures and treatments were filled out by participants. The data was recorded, and descriptive statistics were performed. Most horses (71 out of 115 available answers, 62 %) had shown clinical signs of equine pastern dermatitis at least four times in their lives. A total of 113 horses (92 % of all included horses) were affected by equine pastern dermatitis at the time of the interview. For 37 horses (32 %) out of 114 available answers the owners consulted their veterinarian only after the horse showed signs of pain or lameness. Usually, treatments that did not require a medical prescription were applied without consulting their veterinarian (e. g. only 9 % (14 out of 150 prescriptions) of topical creams promoting wound healing were prescribed by a veterinarian). A total of 31 treatment decisions (55 %) with creams containing anti-bacterial, anti-mycotic and/or anti-inflammatory agents and 100 % of systemic medications containing anti-bacterial, anti-parasitic or anti-inflammatory agents were prescribed by veterinarians. Overall, 69 % of treatment decisions were made without consulting a veterinarian, making it then more difficult to determine underlying causes for the pastern dermatitis and rendering the treatment often longer and more onerous. To raise owner awareness of possible consequences if a veterinarian is consulted too late in the disease process, specific information campaigns to improve animal welfare should be considered.
Topics: Animal Welfare; Animals; Dermatitis; Horse Diseases; Horses; Humans; Surveys and Questionnaires; Veterinarians
PubMed: 35506419
DOI: 10.17236/sat00356 -
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 2020To determine the prevalence and risk factors for incontinence-associated dermatitis in the elderly.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence and risk factors for incontinence-associated dermatitis in the elderly.
METHOD
Cross-sectional exploratory study carried out in public hospitals. The dermatitis prevalence and associations were obtained by calculating the ratio. The effect dimension was estimated by the odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and statistical significance p <0.05.
RESULTS
138 elderly people were included, with an average age of 77.2 years old (± 9.3); 69 (50%) had combined fecal and urinary incontinence. The dermatitis prevalence was 36.2% (50); 28% (14) had pressure injuries; 14% (7), candidiasis. Risk factors were: longer hospital stay (Odds Ratio = 5.8 [2.6-12.9]), obesity (Odds Ratio = 3.6 [1.2-10.4]), high level of dependence (Odds Ratio = 2.4 [1,1-5,0]) and high risk for pressure injury (Odds Ratio = 6.1 [1,4-26,9]).
CONCLUSION
The study found a high prevalence of dermatitis associated with incontinence. The early recognition of risk factors favors effective preventive actions.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dermatitis; Fecal Incontinence; Humans; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32696899
DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0475