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Giornale Italiano Di Dermatologia E... Jun 2018Contact allergies are common cause of eczema in all age groups and are one of the most common causes of occupational disability. Contact dermatitis (CD) can be divided... (Review)
Review
Contact allergies are common cause of eczema in all age groups and are one of the most common causes of occupational disability. Contact dermatitis (CD) can be divided into irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. Distinguishing between irritant and allergic triggers of CD by clinical and histologic examinations can be challenging. The approach to patients with CD should consist of a detailed (work and leisure) history, skin examination, patch tests with allergens based on history, physical examination, education on materials that contain the allergen and adequate therapy and prevention.
Topics: Allergens; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Irritant; Dermatitis, Occupational; Eczema; Humans; Patch Tests
PubMed: 29199804
DOI: 10.23736/S0392-0488.17.05844-8 -
International Wound Journal Dec 2021Skin cleansers and protectants protect skin from incontinent matter to reduce the risk of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD), but their effectiveness treating... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Skin cleansers and protectants protect skin from incontinent matter to reduce the risk of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD), but their effectiveness treating established IAD in the tropics is unknown. We conducted an open-label cluster randomised trial to compare the effectiveness of a combined regimen of (1) specialised skin cleansers with disposable body wipes and (2) either an acrylic terpolymer (T1) or zinc oxide (T2) skin protectant against disposable body wipes and zinc oxide protectant (control) in promoting IAD healing and reducing the risk of deterioration. Eighty-four patients were recruited in a tertiary hospital in Singapore between April 2019 and January 2020 (T1: n = 23; T2: n = 37; Control: n = 24). Although not statistically significant, patients treated with T1 and T2 were 1.5 times as likely to experience IAD healing within seven days compared with the control (P = .66). Healing was more pronounced in participants with skin loss treated with T1 or T2. No treatment was superior in preventing IAD deterioration, the prevalence of which remained small (8%-14%). While skin cleaning and protectants reduced the overall risk of skin deterioration, the addition of skin cleansers enhanced IAD healing within a short period, an important consideration for future research examining IAD treatment in acute care.
Topics: Dermatitis; Emollients; Fecal Incontinence; Humans; Skin Care; Urinary Incontinence
PubMed: 33960676
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13588 -
Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology... Feb 1997Reading this article will reinforce the reader's knowledge of the definition, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, evaluation, and management of the most common of... (Review)
Review
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Reading this article will reinforce the reader's knowledge of the definition, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, evaluation, and management of the most common of all the "eczemas," contact dermatitis, which can have an allergic and/or an irritant pathogenesis.
DATA SOURCES
Relevant articles and current texts on contact dermatitis were referenced and reviewed. The personal experiences of the authors in an Environmental Medicine Clinic, their private practices, and their teaching of residents and other physicians were evaluated. A MEDLINE database using subject keywords was searched from 1986 to date.
STUDY SELECTION
Book chapters, pertinent articles, data source abstracts, guidelines for the management of contact dermatitis set by the American Academy of Dermatology, and the American Contact Dermatitis Society were critiqued.
RESULTS
The recent elucidation of the pathoimmunology of contact dermatitis is concisely reviewed, highlighting its clinical implications. The protean clinical presentations of contact dermatitis, both "allergic" and "irritant" type are cited. The signs and symptoms warranting the search for a contactant are outlined. The most likely regional contactants are listed, but the need to reference a more complete textbook is often required. That patch testing is the gold standard to identify an allergenic agent causing allergic contact dermatitis is stressed. While the "who" and "when" to patch test is amply described, a cookbook "how" to patch test has been omitted in order to emphasize the importance of "hands on" experience for such testing. The advantages and limitations of the commercially available standard patch tests (Hermal, and T.R.U.E.) are described, plus the sources for "nonstandard" patch tests is made available. Therapeutic modalities, topical and systemic, for management of the uncomfortable patient are outlined.
CONCLUSION
The physician who manages a patient with an "eczematous" rash must be aware of the complete differential diagnosis of that clinical presentation. Suspicion that a "contactant" is the cause must have high priority, especially when the rash is persistent, and fails to respond to "appropriate" therapy. The value of a skin biopsy is limited to confirming its eczematous (spongiotic) nature and ruling out other diseases. Appreciating the paradox of patch testing, namely the deceptive simplicity of application versus the required expertise for interpretation and recognition of clinical significance, is the key to the proper management of the patient with contact dermatitis.
Topics: Allergens; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Irritant; Diagnosis, Differential; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Patch Tests; Skin; Steroids
PubMed: 9048524
DOI: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)63383-2 -
Indian Pediatrics May 2023
Topics: Humans; Lip; Dermatitis
PubMed: 37161963
DOI: No ID Found -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International Oct 2020
Topics: Dermatitis; Humans
PubMed: 33559591
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2020.0718 -
Dermatology Online Journal Mar 2003Atopic dermatitis, the dermatologic manifestation of the atopic diathesis, has a variety of clinical presentations. This disease probably should be considered a... (Review)
Review
Atopic dermatitis, the dermatologic manifestation of the atopic diathesis, has a variety of clinical presentations. This disease probably should be considered a syndrome--a group of signs and symptoms that frequently occur together in an identifiable pattern. The following update describes the spectrum of atopic dermatitis and summarizes current thinking about the etiology of the disease.
Topics: Dermatitis, Atopic; Diagnosis, Differential; Eczema; Humans
PubMed: 12639454
DOI: No ID Found -
BioMed Research International 2014Pruritus is a frequent symptom in many dermatological diseases. In this review we want to focus on not only itch problems specific to women, namely, pruritic... (Review)
Review
Pruritus is a frequent symptom in many dermatological diseases. In this review we want to focus on not only itch problems specific to women, namely, pruritic vulvodermatoses, but also the specific pruritic dermatoses of pregnancy. The specific characteristics of the vulva and the hormonal changes during the different age periods make these dermatoses very particular. It seems that vulvar diseases are still underdiagnosed and undertreated. Pruritic vulvar diseases have a huge impact on quality of life. The most common pruritic diseases will be discussed, such as atopic and contact dermatitis, psoriasis, lichen sclerosis, lichen planus, and infectious vulvaginitis. We focus on the diagnostic issue of these diseases and will consider the general principles of therapy.
Topics: Dermatitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Lichen Planus; Pregnancy; Pruritus; Psoriasis; Quality of Life
PubMed: 24711996
DOI: 10.1155/2014/541867 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2023Researchers active in the field of inflammatory skin diseases from the spectrum of dermatitis and eczema are well aware of a considerable overlap in the clinical... (Review)
Review
Researchers active in the field of inflammatory skin diseases from the spectrum of dermatitis and eczema are well aware of a considerable overlap in the clinical pictures and proposed sets of diagnostic criteria for these diseases, which can hardly be overcome through the clinical or epidemiological research. In effect, patients are included in studies based on vague and overlapping criteria, while heterogeneous study populations may, in turn, lead to non-representative outcomes and continued confusion. In this narrative review, a systematics of diseases from the spectrum of dermatitis and eczema is proposed based on the origins of causative factors and the pathomechanisms involved. Difficulties in differentiating between these diseases are discussed, and the extent to which advances in the "omics" sciences might help to overcome them is considered. Of all the "omics" research in this field, more than 90% of the published papers were devoted to atopic dermatitis, with a striking underrepresentation of other diseases from the spectrum of dermatitis and eczema, conditions which collectively exceed the rates of atopic dermatitis by far. A greater "omics" research effort is urgently needed to tackle other dermatitides, like allergic, irritant and protein contact dermatitis, as well as radiation, seborrheic, stasis or autoimmune dermatitis. Atopic dermatitis findings should be validated not only against healthy donors but also other dermatitides. A clinic-oriented approach is proposed for future "omics" studies in the field of dermatitis and eczema.
Topics: Humans; Dermatitis, Atopic; Diagnosis, Differential; Eczema
PubMed: 37445645
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310468 -
The Primary Care Companion For CNS... Jul 2021Dermatitis artefacta, an enigmatic entity with often bizarre and widely variable presentations, can be a challenge to diagnose and treat. Although it is classified as a... (Review)
Review
Dermatitis artefacta, an enigmatic entity with often bizarre and widely variable presentations, can be a challenge to diagnose and treat. Although it is classified as a primary psychiatric disorder, patients are often oblivious that the lesions are self-inflicted and thus consult a physician. Therefore, it becomes imperative to be aware of this condition and to build a good rapport with patients so as to counsel them on the need to seek care for their underlying psychiatric stressors. This narrative review focuses on reaching a proper diagnosis, addressing associated psychological morbidity, and formulating treatment approaches.
Topics: Dermatitis; Humans; Physicians; Self-Injurious Behavior
PubMed: 34228404
DOI: 10.4088/PCC.20nr02858 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2010Although erythroderma is a well-recognized entity in the adult age groups and has been studied by various authors, there is a paucity of studies on erythroderma in the... (Review)
Review
Although erythroderma is a well-recognized entity in the adult age groups and has been studied by various authors, there is a paucity of studies on erythroderma in the pediatric age group. It poses a greater challenge to the dermatologist and pediatrician because of its potential life threatening nature. In a study conducted by us in a large Indian hospital to delineate the causes of neonatal and infantile erythroderma, the causes identified were infections (40%), ichthyosiform erythroderma (25%), atopic dermatitis (15%), infantile seborrheic dermatitis (10%) and unidentified (10%). In another study of childhood erythroderma, etiologically, drugs (29%) showed the highest incidence, followed equally (18%) by genodermatoses, psoriasis and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS). The management of childhood erythroderma is mainly supportive with correction of the hematologic, biochemical and metabolic imbalance if required. In this review, the causes of childhood erythroderma, the clinical features useful to the diagnosis and management are discussed.
Topics: Acute Disease; Dermatitis, Exfoliative; Dermatology; Humans; India; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Pediatrics
PubMed: 20657113
DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.66576