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Acta Ophthalmologica Mar 2021Retinoschisis (RS), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and combined RS retinal detachment (RSRD) may resemble clinically and pose a diagnostic challenge. This study...
PURPOSE
Retinoschisis (RS), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and combined RS retinal detachment (RSRD) may resemble clinically and pose a diagnostic challenge. This study investigates the role of the fundus autofluorescence (AF) in differentiating RS, RRD and RSRD.
METHODS
Fundus AF changes of 34 eyes diagnosed with RRD, 30 eyes with RS and 12 eyes with RSRD were retrospectively analysed. Ultra-widefield AF (UW-AF) image intensities obtained with the Optomap 200Tx were interpreted as hypo-, hyper- and isoautofluorescent or a mixed pattern with hypo- and hyperautofluorescence over and at the posterior margin (PM) of RRD, RS and RSRD.
RESULTS
All RS eyes revealed isoautofluorescence over the area of RS, and nine eyes (30%) showed hypoautofluorescent PM. Among RRD, acute (≤2 weeks) and chronic (>2 weeks) RRD demonstrated distinct AF characteristics. Sixty-two per cent of RRD eyes had acute RRD. From those, 16 eyes (76%) demonstrated hypoautofluorescence over the detached area and 19 (90%) eyes with hyperautofluorescent PM. Sixty-two per cent of chronic RRD eyes demonstrated isoautofluorecence over the detached area. Eight RSRD eyes (67%) revealed hyperautofluorescence in the detached area. The positive predictive value (PPV) for hypoautofluorescence over the area of subretinal fluid (SRF) in RRD was 95%. The PPV for hyperautofluorescence over the area of SRF in RSRD was 100% and for isoautofluorescence for schitic area in RSRD and RS was 76%.
CONCLUSION
The UW-AF can be a useful non-invasive adjuvant tool to distinguish between RRD, RS and RSRD. Hypo- or hyperautofluorescence over the area of interest and hyperautofluorescent PM indicates the presence of SRF.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Fluorescein Angiography; Follow-Up Studies; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Retina; Retinal Detachment; Retinoschisis; Retrospective Studies; Scleral Buckling; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 32602221
DOI: 10.1111/aos.14521 -
Ecology and Evolution Jul 2023The growing diversity of animal-borne sensor types is revolutionizing our understanding of wildlife biology. For example, researcher-developed sensors, such as audio and...
The growing diversity of animal-borne sensor types is revolutionizing our understanding of wildlife biology. For example, researcher-developed sensors, such as audio and video loggers, are being increasingly attached to wildlife tracking collars to provide insights into a range of topics from species interactions to physiology. However, such devices are often prohibitively power-intensive, relative to conventional wildlife collar sensors, and their retrieval without compromising long-term data collection and animal welfare remains a challenge. We present an open-source system (SensorDrop) for remotely detaching individual sensors from wildlife collars. SensorDrop facilitates the retrieval of power-intensive sensors while leaving non-resource-intensive sensors intact on animals. SensorDrop systems can be made using commercially available components and are a fraction of the cost of other timed drop-off devices that detach full wildlife tracking collars. From 2021 to 2022, eight SensorDrop units were successfully deployed on free-ranging African wild dog packs in the Okavango Delta as part of audio-accelerometer sensor bundles attached to wildlife collars. All SensorDrop units detached after 2-3 weeks and facilitated the collection of audio and accelerometer data while leaving wildlife GPS collars intact to continue collecting locational data (>1 year), critical for long-term conservation population monitoring in the region. SensorDrop offers a low-cost method to remotely detach and retrieve individual sensors from wildlife collars. By selectively detaching battery-depleted sensors, SensorDrop maximizes the amount of data collected per wildlife collar deployment and mitigates ethical concerns on animal rehandling. SensorDrop adds to the growing body of open-source animal-borne technologies being utilized by wildlife researchers to innovate and expand upon data collection practices and supports the continued ethical use of novel technologies within wildlife studies.
PubMed: 37408628
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10220 -
American Journal of Ophthalmology Case... Sep 2017To present a previously unreported retinal side-effect from topiramate use in two cases.
PURPOSE
To present a previously unreported retinal side-effect from topiramate use in two cases.
OBSERVATIONS
Macular neurosensory retinal detachments were seen in two patients shortly after beginning oral topiramate. The macular detachments resolved shortly after discontinuing this medication.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE
As these two cases represent the first reports of topiramate-induced macular neurosensory retinal detachment, clinicians should be aware of this potential ocular side effect when administering this medication.
PubMed: 29260075
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2017.05.005 -
Romanian Journal of Ophthalmology 2017of the report was to evaluate anatomical results and intra and postoperative complications after silicone oil (SIO) removal.
UNLABELLED
of the report was to evaluate anatomical results and intra and postoperative complications after silicone oil (SIO) removal.
METHODS
Retrospective, interventional study evaluating consecutive cases with ambulatory SIO removal after vitrectomy for complex retinal detachments. The anatomical result was the main followed parameter. Intra and postoperative complications and also intraocular pressure changes were evaluated. Cases were followed-up for at least 12 months.
RESULTS
A total of 98 consecutive cases were reviewed. The main duration of oil endotamponade was 5.46 months (3-16 months). In 15 cases (15.30%) signs of SIO emulsification were noted at the time of removal. A stable anatomical result after SIO removal was obtained in 94 out of 98 cases (95.91%). Retinal detachment recurrence appeared in first month postoperatively (1 case) and between the 3rd and 4th month postoperatively (3 cases). Main indications for 5000cs SIO endotamponade during ambulatory 23G vitrectomy were represented by proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) (78 cases - 79.59%), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (17 cases - 17.34%) and giant retinal tears (3 cases - 3.06%). 29 eyes (29.59%) were pseudophakic at primary surgery. However, most phakic eyes showed cataract appearance and progression during SIO endotamponade and also after SIO removal. Intraocular pressure significantly decreased after SIO removal with the occurrence of various choroidal detachments in 8 cases (8.16%), resolving spontaneously within the first week postoperatively.
CONCLUSIONS
In our experience, the retinal detachment recurrence rate after SIO removal was 4.08%. This promising anatomical result confirms the need for an accurate primary surgery and also for a safe moment of SIO removal according to the severity of primary pathology.
Topics: Humans; Retinal Detachment; Retrospective Studies; Silicone Oils; Visual Acuity; Vitrectomy
PubMed: 29516045
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) 2018Detecting primary breaks and confirming detachment preoperatively are important. Lincoff stated that retinal detachments progress according to gravity; his law has...
PURPOSE
Detecting primary breaks and confirming detachment preoperatively are important. Lincoff stated that retinal detachments progress according to gravity; his law has become popular. We evaluated Lincoff's law with a slight modification to determine whether it remains suitable for present cases independent of refractive error and previous cataract surgery.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Group 1 included superior region detachments not exceeding the 12 o'clock midline; the original break was within 1 1/2 clock hours of the highest detachment border. Group 2 included shallow inferior detachment; the original break corresponded to the more spread side of the 6 o'clock midline. Group 3 detachments were beyond 12 o'clock; the original break was within a triangle with a 12 o'clock apex (A) or within 1 1/2 hours of 12 o'clock (B); (A) and (B) were stated in the original report. Another five classifications were applied for small numbers of detachments. Consecutive initial rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery patients were included; medical records and detachment charts were examined. Eyes were classified into categories and rates were calculated. Eyes that had never undergone previous cataract surgery besides those in which the macula remained attached were divided into groups at a -6 D cutoff (Groups 1, 2, and 3[B]); we compared groups in each category. We compared phakic eyes, pseudophakic eyes, and eyes ruptured at the posterior capsule (Groups 1, 2, and 3[B]).
RESULTS
Finally, 747 eyes were categorized. In Groups 1, 2, 3(A), and 3(B), corresponding rates were 92, 86, 70, and 89%, respectively. Between the above and below -6 D groups, there was no significant difference in rate in any category. There were no significant differences between phakic, pseudophakic, and ruptured eyes.
CONCLUSION
Lincoff's law was suitable for the present cases and independent of refractive error and previous cataract surgery.
PubMed: 30464382
DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S177594 -
Molecular Vision 2011Retinal detachment leads to the widespread cellular remodeling of the retina. The purpose of this study was to identify protein changes that accompany these cellular...
PURPOSE
Retinal detachment leads to the widespread cellular remodeling of the retina. The purpose of this study was to identify protein changes that accompany these cellular alterations by comparing the proteomic profiles of sham and experimentally detached rabbit retina. Elucidation of the proteins most dramatically affected by retinal detachment would add further understanding to the pathophysiology of this condition, and potentially identify therapeutic targets useful in preventing the deleterious effects of detachment, including photoreceptor cell death and the activation of non-neuronal microglial and Müller cells.
METHODS
Retinal detachments were induced in the right eyes of six New Zealand Red pigmented rabbits. Sham surgery was performed in the right eyes of six other rabbits that were used as controls. At seven days, the eyes were enucleated and the retinal tissue was harvested. The individual retinal samples were subjected to high resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Differentially expressed protein spots were processed for identification by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Further investigation was undertaken with western blotting, and immunocytochemical studies on a further set of four sham and four detached retinas.
RESULTS
Eighteen protein spots were found to be at least twofold differentially expressed between the sham and detached retinas. These protein spots were identified as: vimentin; tubulin β-2C; fragments of α-enolase; fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A; ATP synthase subunit β; mitochondrial creatine kinase; N-terminal fragments of albumin; prohibitin; and transducin-β(1).
CONCLUSIONS
The differentially expressed proteins determined in this study may play an important role in the cellular responses of the retina after its detachment, subsequent ability to recover following surgical reattachment, as well as in serious complications such as subretinal fibrosis and proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Chromatography, Liquid; Disease Models, Animal; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; Eye Proteins; Gene Expression Profiling; Proteomics; Rabbits; Retina; Retinal Detachment; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 22065916
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Vitreoretinal Diseases 2022This work describes a stepwise surgical approach to draining choroidal detachments and 2 cases for which this approach was used.
PURPOSE
This work describes a stepwise surgical approach to draining choroidal detachments and 2 cases for which this approach was used.
METHODS
The first step involves insertion of an anterior chamber maintainer and a nonvalved 23- or 25-gauge trocar cannula at the highest peak of hemorrhagic choroidal detachment (as determined using B-scan ultrasonography), 6 to 8 mm from and angled 20° to 30° toward the limbus. The second step involves removal of the trocar to expose the sclerotomy. Alternatively, the second step can be insertion of a second trocar. The third step involves the creation of a small focal peritomy around the preexisting sclerotomy and enlargement of the preexisting sclerotomy into a radial sclerotomy. Progression between steps only occurs if prior steps did not provide adequate drainage.
RESULTS
Two cases of appositional hemorrhagic choroidal detachments in hypotonic eyes were successfully resolved by this stepwise approach. In case 1, a choroidal detachment developed after a corneal ulcer perforation. The hemorrhagic choroidal detachment in case 1 was resolved with steps 1 and 2, and an unnecessary scleral cutdown was avoided. In case 2, a choroidal detachment developed after a trabeculectomy. The detachment in case 2 required progression to step 3, extension of the trocar insertion site into a radial sclerotomy.
CONCLUSIONS
This stepwise approach should be considered to reduce excessive manipulation of the globe and conjunctiva in hemorrhagic and serous choroidal detachments that warrant surgical intervention.
PubMed: 37008660
DOI: 10.1177/2474126421992024 -
Nature Communications Jun 2018Capacity fade in lithium-ion battery electrodes can result from a degradation mechanism in which the carbon black-binder network detaches from the active material. Here...
Capacity fade in lithium-ion battery electrodes can result from a degradation mechanism in which the carbon black-binder network detaches from the active material. Here we present two approaches to visualize and quantify this detachment and use the experimental results to develop and validate a model that considers how the active particle size, the viscoelastic parameters of the composite electrode, the adhesion between the active particle and the carbon black-binder domain, and the solid electrolyte interphase growth rate impact detachment and capacity fade. Using carbon-silicon composite electrodes as a model system, we demonstrate X-ray nano-tomography and backscatter scanning electron microscopy with sufficient resolution and contrast to segment the pore space, active particles, and carbon black-binder domain and quantify delamination as a function of cycle number. The validated model is further used to discuss how detachment and capacity fade in high-capacity materials can be minimized through materials engineering.
PubMed: 29904154
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04477-1 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Apr 1993Current techniques of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair allow most detachments to be repaired successfully. The success of repair depends on a careful... (Review)
Review
Current techniques of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair allow most detachments to be repaired successfully. The success of repair depends on a careful pre-operative examination and choice of an appropriate procedure. The surgery is usually tailored to individual needs. Improvements in surgical techniques coupled with a better understanding of the pathophysiology of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment continue to improve the anatomic and functional success of retinal detachment repair.
Topics: Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Postoperative Care; Postoperative Complications; Reoperation; Retinal Detachment
PubMed: 8225524
DOI: No ID Found -
Physics in Medicine and Biology Nov 2012An investigation into the effect of clinical ultrasound exposure on adherent microbubbles is described. A flow phantom was constructed in which targeted microbubbles...
An investigation into the effect of clinical ultrasound exposure on adherent microbubbles is described. A flow phantom was constructed in which targeted microbubbles were attached using biotin-streptavidin linkages. Microbubbles were insonated by broadband imaging pulses (centred at 2.25 MHz) over a range of pressures (peak negative pressure (PNP) = 60-375 kPa). Individual adherent bubbles were observed optically and classified as either being isolated or with a single neighbouring bubble. It is found that bubble detachment and deflation are two significant effects, even during low amplitude ultrasound exposure. Specifically, while at very low acoustic pressure (PNP < 75 kPa) 95% of the bubbles were not affected, at medium pressure (151 kPa < P < 225 kPa) 53% of the bubbles detached and at higher pressures (301 kPa < P < 375 kPa) 96% of the bubbles detached. In addition, more than 50% of the bubbles underwent deflation at pressures between 301 and 375 kPa. At pressures between 226 and 300 kPa, more adherent bubbles detached when there was a neighbouring bubble, suggesting the role of multiple scattering and secondary Bjerknes force on bubble detachment. The flow shear, primary and secondary Bjerknes forces exerted on each bubble were calculated and compared to the estimated forces acting on the bubble due to oscillations. The oscillation force is shown to be much higher than other forces. The mechanisms of bubble detachment are discussed.
Topics: Adhesives; Biotin; Contrast Media; Microbubbles; Microscopy; Models, Theoretical; Streptavidin; Ultrasonics
PubMed: 23044731
DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/57/21/6999