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California Medicine Oct 1964Eighteen diabetic patients were treated with dextrothyroxine (from 2 mg to 8 mg daily) for varying periods up to six months. This produced a decided reduction of serum...
Eighteen diabetic patients were treated with dextrothyroxine (from 2 mg to 8 mg daily) for varying periods up to six months. This produced a decided reduction of serum cholesterol levels. Statistically valid comparisons were made of their fasting blood sugar levels before and after two weeks of dextrothyroxine treatment. Administration of this drug was associated with a significant elevation of fasting blood sugar levels. Good diabetic control did not preclude this adverse effect. After more prolonged treatment with the drug, 8 of the 18 patients experienced progressive deterioration of their diabetic control, necessitating increased amounts of insulin or oral drugs. Despite close observation, one patient developed acidosis. When dextrothyroxine was discontinued, there was a significant drop in blood sugar levels in these patients. Two patients had hypoglycemic reaction. When the fasting blood sugar values of the 18 patients, studied while they were receiving significant doses of dextrothyroxine, are compared with a control series of blood sugar determinations obtained on these same patients before dextrothyroxine administration was begun, the diabetogenic effect of this drug is confirmed by the highly significant difference demonstrated. Four patients were given dextrothyroxine a second time, and again experienced deterioration of diabetic control.
Topics: Acidosis; Biomedical Research; Blood Glucose; Dextrothyroxine; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Middle Aged; Toxicology
PubMed: 14204552
DOI: No ID Found -
Cell Metabolism Jun 2017Decreased growth hormone (GH) and thyroid hormone (TH) signaling are associated with longevity and metabolic fitness. The mechanisms underlying these benefits are poorly...
Decreased growth hormone (GH) and thyroid hormone (TH) signaling are associated with longevity and metabolic fitness. The mechanisms underlying these benefits are poorly understood, but may overlap with those of dietary restriction (DR), which imparts similar benefits. Recently we discovered that hydrogen sulfide (HS) is increased upon DR and plays an essential role in mediating DR benefits across evolutionary boundaries. Here we found increased hepatic HS production in long-lived mouse strains of reduced GH and/or TH action, and in a cell-autonomous manner upon serum withdrawal in vitro. Negative regulation of hepatic HS production by GH and TH was additive and occurred via distinct mechanisms, namely direct transcriptional repression of the HS-producing enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase (CGL) by TH, and substrate-level control of HS production by GH. Mice lacking CGL failed to downregulate systemic T metabolism and circulating IGF-1, revealing an essential role for HS in the regulation of key longevity-associated hormones.
Topics: Animals; Cystathionine gamma-Lyase; Dextrothyroxine; Female; Growth Hormone; Hydrogen Sulfide; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Liver; Mice; Mice, Knockout
PubMed: 28591635
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.05.003 -
Proceedings of the Royal Society of... Sep 1971
Topics: Carbohydrate Metabolism; Cholestyramine Resin; Chylomicrons; Clofibrate; Dextrothyroxine; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet Therapy; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Hyperlipidemias; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Neomycin; Nicotinic Acids; Obesity; Oxymetholone; Triglycerides
PubMed: 5114287
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Nov 2016Perturbations in thyroid function are common in older individuals but their significance in the very old is not fully understood.
CONTEXT
Perturbations in thyroid function are common in older individuals but their significance in the very old is not fully understood.
OBJECTIVE
This study sought to determine whether thyroid hormone status and variation of thyroid hormones within the reference range correlated with mortality and disability in a cohort of 85-year-olds.
DESIGN
A cohort of 85-year-old individuals were assessed in their own homes (community or institutional care) for health status and thyroid function, and followed for mortality and disability for up to 9 years.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
Six hundred and forty-three 85-year-olds registered with participating general practices in Newcastle and North Tyneside, United Kingdom.
MAIN OUTCOMES
All-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and disability according to thyroid disease status and baseline thyroid hormone parameters (serum TSH, FT, FT, and rT). Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, body mass index, smoking, and disease count.
RESULTS
After adjustment for age and sex, all-cause mortality was associated with baseline serum rT and FT (both P < .001), but not FT or TSH. After additional adjustment for potential confounders, only rT remained significantly associated with mortality (P = .001). Baseline serum TSH and rT predicted future disability trajectories in men and women, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study is reassuring that individuals age 85 y with both subclinical hypothyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism do not have a significantly worse survival over 9 years than their euthyroid peers. However, thyroid function tests did predict disability, with higher serum TSH levels predicting better outcomes. These data strengthen the argument for routine use of age-specific thyroid function reference ranges.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dextrothyroxine; Disabled Persons; England; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Mortality; Reference Values; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyrotropin; Triiodothyronine; Triiodothyronine, Reverse
PubMed: 27552542
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1935 -
British Medical Journal Jun 1972
Topics: Anticholesteremic Agents; Cholestyramine Resin; Clofibrate; Dextrothyroxine; Diet Therapy; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Neomycin; Nicotinic Acids
PubMed: 5031693
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Pathology.... 1973
Review
Topics: Cholesterol; Cholestyramine Resin; Clofibrate; Coronary Disease; Dextrothyroxine; Diet Therapy; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hospitals, Psychiatric; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Male; Middle Aged; Neomycin; Nicotinic Acids; Sex Factors
PubMed: 4582173
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.s1-5.1.72 -
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Nov 2016The currently applied reference ranges for thyroid function are under debate. Despite evidence that thyroid function within the reference range is related with several... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
CONTEXT
The currently applied reference ranges for thyroid function are under debate. Despite evidence that thyroid function within the reference range is related with several cardiovascular disorders, its association with the risk of stroke has not been evaluated previously.
DESIGN AND SETTING
We identified studies through a systematic literature search and the Thyroid Studies Collaboration, a collaboration of prospective cohort studies. Studies measuring baseline TSH, free T, and stroke outcomes were included, and we collected individual participant data from each study, including thyroid function measurements and incident all stroke (combined fatal and nonfatal) and fatal stroke. The applied reference range for TSH levels was between 0.45 and 4.49 mIU/L.
RESULTS
We collected individual participant data on 43 598 adults with TSH within the reference range from 17 cohorts, with a median follow-up of 11.6 years (interquartile range 5.1-13.9), including 449 908 person-years. Age- and sex-adjusted pooled hazard ratio for TSH was 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65-0.95 across the reference range of TSH) for all stroke and 0.83 (95% CI 0.62-1.09) for fatal stroke. For the free T analyses, the hazard ratio was 1.08 (95% CI 0.99-1.15 per SD increase) for all stroke and 1.10 (95% CI 1.04-1.19) for fatal stroke. This was independent of cardiovascular risk factors including systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, smoking, and prevalent diabetes.
CONCLUSION
Higher levels of TSH within the reference range may decrease the risk of stroke, highlighting the need for further research focusing on the clinical consequences associated with differences within the reference range of thyroid function.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Dextrothyroxine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Reference Values; Risk; Stroke; Thyrotropin; Young Adult
PubMed: 27603906
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2255 -
Journal of the American College of... Dec 1986The Coronary Drug Project was conducted between 1966 and 1975 to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of five lipid-influencing drugs in 8,341 men aged 30 to 64... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
The Coronary Drug Project was conducted between 1966 and 1975 to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of five lipid-influencing drugs in 8,341 men aged 30 to 64 years with electrocardiogram-documented previous myocardial infarction. The two estrogen regimens and dextrothyroxine were discontinued early because of adverse effects. No evidence of efficacy was found for the clofibrate treatment. Niacin treatment showed modest benefit in decreasing definite nonfatal recurrent myocardial infarction but did not decrease total mortality. With a mean follow-up of 15 years, nearly 9 years after termination of the trial, mortality from all causes in each of the drug groups, except for niacin, was similar to that in the placebo group. Mortality in the niacin group was 11% lower than in the placebo group (52.0 versus 58.2%; p = 0.0004). This late benefit of niacin, occurring after discontinuation of the drug, may be a result of a translation into a mortality benefit over subsequent years of the early favorable effect of niacin in decreasing nonfatal reinfarction or a result of the cholesterol-lowering effect of niacin, or both.
Topics: Adult; Aspirin; Clofibrate; Dextrothyroxine; Estrogens; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Niacin; Time Factors
PubMed: 3782631
DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(86)80293-5 -
British Medical Journal Nov 1958
Topics: Dextrothyroxine; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Thyroxine
PubMed: 13584847
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5104.1057 -
British Medical Journal Jun 1963
Topics: Dextrothyroxine; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Thyroxine; Xanthomatosis
PubMed: 14029122
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.5343.1446