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African Journal of Paediatric Surgery :... 2017We report an extremely rare finding 'congenital absence of jejunum and ileum' during explorative laparotomy of a 16-day-old female neonate. The dilated duodenum was... (Review)
Review
We report an extremely rare finding 'congenital absence of jejunum and ileum' during explorative laparotomy of a 16-day-old female neonate. The dilated duodenum was terminating blindly, and the next segment of intestine was a peanut-sized cecum followed by microcolon. On an extensive survey of literature this type of intestinal atresia is not reported in living babies.
Topics: Female; Humans; Ileum; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Atresia; Jejunum
PubMed: 29557352
DOI: 10.4103/ajps.AJPS_63_16 -
BMJ Case Reports May 2011Cavernous lymphangiomas are usually identified in infants and children with the majority of lesions found around the head and neck, trunk or extremities. Tumours... (Review)
Review
Cavernous lymphangiomas are usually identified in infants and children with the majority of lesions found around the head and neck, trunk or extremities. Tumours affecting the intra-abdominal organs are rare. The authors report a case of small bowel cavernous lymphangioma arising within the jejunum of a 34-year-old woman presenting with dyspnoea and anaemia, and review the existing literature relating to this uncommon tumour.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Jejunal Neoplasms; Jejunum; Lymphangioma
PubMed: 22696733
DOI: 10.1136/bcr.03.2011.4022 -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Mar 1955
Topics: Humans; Jejunum
PubMed: 14352113
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons... Jul 2018Introduction The free jejunal flap represents the gold standard for circumferential defects in upper digestive tract reconstruction. It is a technically demanding... (Review)
Review
Introduction The free jejunal flap represents the gold standard for circumferential defects in upper digestive tract reconstruction. It is a technically demanding procedure with significant failure rates. Unrecognised failure leads to flap necrosis and potentially fatal sequelae, including sepsis and carotid artery bleed. Despite these catastrophic consequences, however, there remains no consensus on an optimum method for postoperative flap monitoring. Our unit has pioneered the use of external colour duplex ultrasound to monitor flap vascularity. We describe this technique and systematically review other published monitoring systems. Materials and methods A patient underwent oesophageal reconstruction using a jejunal free flap. Monitoring commenced immediately via external application of a colour duplex probe over the flap's vascular pedicle to facilitate flow volume assessment. Further bi-daily assessments were successfully used to monitor the postoperative viability of the flap. The systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results Six alternative monitoring techniques were identified: exteriorised jejunal segment, implantable Doppler probe, watch window, microdialysis, microendoscopy and reflectance photoplethysmography. Discussion Exteriorised jejunal segment and implantable Doppler probe are most commonly described, yet both are associated with high false positive rates, which is particularly significant in a patient demographic facing increased general anaesthetic risk. Most other techniques remain experimental. External colour Doppler ultrasound provides the surgeon with immediate reassurance following the reconstruction, requires minimal training to use, and eliminates the need for revisional procedures. Conclusion Our initial experience suggests that external colour Doppler ultrasound has exciting potential as an efficient and noninvasive technique for monitoring the free jejunal flap.
Topics: Esophagus; Female; Free Tissue Flaps; Humans; Jejunum; Middle Aged; Postoperative Care; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
PubMed: 29543049
DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2018.0043 -
Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry :... 2016Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in surgical patients. Ceramide is a mediator of apoptosis and has been...
BACKGROUND
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in surgical patients. Ceramide is a mediator of apoptosis and has been implicated as increasing bacterial infection susceptibility. The metabolite of ceramide, sphingosine, was recently shown to play an important role in the cell-autonomous, innate immune response of the upper respiratory tract by killing bacterial pathogens. The role of ceramide and/or sphingosine after mesenteric I/R is unknown. We investigated the specific effects of intestinal I/R on tissue ceramide and sphingosine concentration and resulting susceptibility to bacterial invasion.
METHODS
To simulate intestinal I/R, C57BL/6 mice underwent 30 minutes of vascular clamp-induced occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery followed by variable reperfusion times. Jejunum segments and intraluminal contents were analyzed for ceramide, sphingosine and bacteria using immunohistochemistry. Jejunum samples were also homogenized and cultured to quantify bacterial presence in the proximal intestine.
RESULTS
We hypothesized that I/R induces an increase of ceramide in the intestine resulting in increased permeability, while a concomitant decrease of sphingosine may permit bacterial overgrowth. Control mice had no measurable bacteria in their proximal jejunum as measured by tissue culture and immunohistochemistry. After I/R, bacterial counts in the jejunum increased in a time-dependent manner, reaching a peak at 12 hours after reperfusion. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a marked increase in ceramide in the vasculature of jejunal villi. In contrast, while ceramide concentrations in the epithelial cells decreased after I/R, sphingosine levels appeared to remain unchanged. Surprisingly, bacteria present in the jejunal lumen following I/R contained a ceramide coat.
CONCLUSION
These data indicate that intestinal I/R leads to small intestine bacterial overgrowth as well as ceramide formation in the jejunal vasculature, which may contribute to the gut permeability associated with this injury. Moreover, our novel finding of ceramide in bacterial membranes represents a new opportunity to investigate the dynamic pathogenicity of the gut microbiome. The hypothesis that a decrease of sphingosine after I/R permits bacterial overgrowth in the intestine was not confirmed.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Load; Immunohistochemistry; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Permeability; Reperfusion Injury; Sphingosine
PubMed: 27607915
DOI: 10.1159/000447831 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Nov 2020We present a rare case of a 60-year-old woman with jejunal schwannoma. This is the first case of intestinal schwannomas detected by video capsule endoscopy.... (Review)
Review
We present a rare case of a 60-year-old woman with jejunal schwannoma. This is the first case of intestinal schwannomas detected by video capsule endoscopy. Characteristic endoscopic and immunohistochemical pictures are presented with a brief literature review.
Topics: Capsule Endoscopy; Female; Humans; Jejunum; Middle Aged; Neurilemmoma
PubMed: 33054292
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2020.6474/2019 -
Poultry Science Dec 2020The aim of the study was to compare production results and quality of meat, as well as histological features of the jejunum in broiler chickens administered feed with 1%...
The aim of the study was to compare production results and quality of meat, as well as histological features of the jejunum in broiler chickens administered feed with 1% addition of zeolite or halloysite, with the addition of aluminosilicates to litter (4.50 kg/m) throughout the rearing. In the experiment, 300 male broilers were used for 6 wk. They were divided into 3 groups, each of 10 repetitions (10 birds each). Group 1 was a control, halloysite was added to feed and litter in group 2, while zeolite was applied instead of halloysite in group 3. After rearing, 10 selected birds from each group were slaughtered. Selected production properties and degree of footpad dermatitis were examined, and histomorphometric examination of the jejunum was performed. The lowest yield and the highest proportion of neck with skin in the carcass were demonstrated in group 2 (P < 0.05). The lowest percentage of skin with subcutaneous fat was found in group 3 (P < 0.05). A decrease in lightness (L∗) and yellowness (b∗) was demonstrated in group 2, while redness (a∗) was the lowest in group 3 (P < 0.05). Group 2 was characterized by the lowest water-holding capacity in breast muscles, and in group 3, in leg muscles (P < 0.05). In group 3, the highest fat content and the lowest water content in the breast muscles (P < 0.05) were found. The leg muscles in groups 2 and 3 were characterized by the highest a∗, and in group 2, by b∗. The control group had the lowest protein and the highest fat content in leg muscles. In the intestine from group 2, a higher height (P < 0.05) and surface area (P < 0.01) of intestinal villi were found, in comparison to group 3. The width of intestinal villi was higher in groups 2 and 1 than in group 3 (P < 0.05), similarly the depth of intestinal crypts. The addition of zeolite could be proposed because of the obtained production results, while the halloysite had a positive effect on the histomorphometric features of the jejunum.
Topics: Aluminum Silicates; Animal Feed; Animals; Body Composition; Chickens; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Jejunum; Male; Meat; Pectoralis Muscles
PubMed: 33248634
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.073 -
Neurogastroenterology and Motility Dec 2020The gut is the only organ system with intrinsic neural reflexes. Intrinsic primary afferent neurons (IPANs) of the enteric nervous system initiate intrinsic reflexes,...
BACKGROUND
The gut is the only organ system with intrinsic neural reflexes. Intrinsic primary afferent neurons (IPANs) of the enteric nervous system initiate intrinsic reflexes, form gut-brain connections, and undergo considerable neuroplasticity to cause digestive diseases. They remain inaccessible to study in mice in the absence of a selective marker. Advillin is used as a marker for primary afferent neurons in dorsal root ganglia. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that advillin is expressed in IPANs of the mouse jejunum.
METHODS
Advillin expression was assessed with immunohistochemistry and using transgenic mice expressing an inducible Cre recombinase under the advillin promoter were used to drive tdTomato and the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP5. These mice were used to characterize the morphology and physiology of advillin-expressing enteric neurons using confocal microscopy, calcium imaging, and whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology.
KEY RESULTS
Advillin is expressed in about 25% of myenteric neurons of the mouse jejunum, and these neurons demonstrate the requisite properties of IPANs. Functionally, they demonstrate calcium responses following mechanical stimuli of the mucosa and during antidromic action potentials. They have Dogiel type II morphology with neural processes that mostly remain within the myenteric plexus, but also project to the mucosa and express NeuN and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), but not nNOS.
CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES
Advillin marks jejunal IPANs providing accessibility to this important neuronal population to study and model digestive disease.
Topics: Animals; Calcium Signaling; Enteric Nervous System; Jejunum; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Microfilament Proteins; Neurons, Afferent
PubMed: 32986284
DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13989 -
Biomolecules Sep 2019Succinate is a metabolic intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in all aerobic organisms, and is also a vital microbial metabolite in the gut. Although...
Succinate is a metabolic intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in all aerobic organisms, and is also a vital microbial metabolite in the gut. Although succinate is known to regulate intestinal metabolism and immune function, its role in the protection of the intestinal epithelial barrier function and inflammation is poorly characterized. In this study, we evaluated the effects of succinate on intestinal epithelial barrier function and inflammation in pigs. Twenty-four growing pigs were distributed into three groups ( = 8) and received either a basal diet (control group) or the same diet supplemented with 0.1% succinate or 1% succinate. The diet supplemented with 1% succinate led to alterations in the intestinal morphology. We confirmed in vitro that 5 mM succinate treatment modulated intestinal epithelial permeability by increased transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in intestinal porcine epithelial cell (IPEC)-J2 cells. Furthermore, succinate treatment increased the abundance of tight junction proteins claudin-1, zona occluden (ZO)-1, and ZO-2 in the jejunum in vivo and in vitro. In addition, dietary succinate supplementation promoted the expression of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-25, IL-10, IL-8, and IL-18 in the jejunum. Taken together, these data identify a novel role of succinate in the modulation of intestinal epithelial barrier function, which may be a nutritional target to improve gut health in animals.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Disease Models, Animal; Electric Impedance; Gene Expression Regulation; Inflammation; Interleukins; Jejunum; Random Allocation; Succinic Acid; Swine; Tight Junction Proteins; Up-Regulation
PubMed: 31540325
DOI: 10.3390/biom9090486 -
Microbial Biotechnology Jul 2018We previously reported that protein-restricted rats experienced compensatory growth when they were switched to a normal protein diet (NPD). This study aimed to...
We previously reported that protein-restricted rats experienced compensatory growth when they were switched to a normal protein diet (NPD). This study aimed to investigate the changes in gene expression and microbiome in the jejunum of compensatory-growth rats. Weaned Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to an N group, an LN group and an L group. The rats in the L and N groups were fed a low protein diet (LPD) and the NPD respectively. The rats in the LN group were fed with the LPD for 2 weeks, followed by the NPD. The experiment lasted 70 days, and the rats were sacrificed for sampling on days 14, 28 and 70 to determine the jejunal morphology, microbiome and gene expression related to digestive, absorptive and barrier function. The results showed that, although rats in the LN group had temporarily impaired morphology and gene expression in the jejunum on day 14 in response to the LPD, they had improved jejunal morphology and gene expression related to jejunal function on day 28 compared to rats in the N group. This improvement might promote compensatory growth of rats. However, lower expression of genes related to nutrient absorption and undifferentiated villous height (VH) were observed in the jejunum of rats in the LN group on day 70. In contrast, rats in the L group had lower VH on day 28 and day 70, while the expression of absorptive genes increased on day 28 compared to rats in the N group. Additionally, dramatic microbial changes in the jejunum of compensatory-growth rats were observed, principally for Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus. Moreover, the abundance of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus significantly correlated with gene expression in the jejunum as revealed by the correlation analysis.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Diet, Protein-Restricted; Dietary Proteins; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gene Expression; Jejunum; Male; Phylogeny; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 29633535
DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13266