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Obesity Surgery May 2018Ileal transposition (IT) procedure leads to higher secretion of incretin hormones what is associated with a beneficial metabolic effect. However, IT will also have an...
OBJECTIVE
Ileal transposition (IT) procedure leads to higher secretion of incretin hormones what is associated with a beneficial metabolic effect. However, IT will also have an influence on the related jejunum and ileum function. The aim of this research was to investigate the morphology of the jejunum and transposed ileum with the use of light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in order to determine the local alternations in the intestine resulting from the transposition.
METHODS
Twenty male, 8-week-old, obese Zucker rats underwent IT and six of them sham surgery. To compare both groups, the transection was made at all corresponding ileum positions among both groups of animals. The ileal anastomoses among the rats of sham procedure were subsequently formed accordingly without IT. Three months following the surgery, the tissue samples of jejunum and ileum were harvested.
RESULTS
A significant increase in villus length, a decrease in the crypt depth, and an increased thickness of mucosa-muscularis-serosa (MMS) as well as cellular hyperplasia, with increased mitochondrial density of the transposed ileum segment, were observed among the group of rats which underwent IT comparing to the ones undergoing sham surgery. In rats undergoing IT, microvillus degeneration in jejunum regions was observed.
CONCLUSIONS
Ileal transposition alters the morphology and ultrastructure of the ileum as well as the jejunum. Given that the microvillus membrane represents an important aspect of the enterocyte functions, a further biochemical and molecular research is necessary in order to assess whether the observed changes are beneficial or not and to explore the phenomenon of gut adaptability after metabolic surgery.
Topics: Animals; Bariatric Surgery; Histocytochemistry; Ileum; Jejunum; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Obesity; Rats; Rats, Zucker
PubMed: 29101717
DOI: 10.1007/s11695-017-2992-z -
Poultry Science Oct 2017Hemorrhagic enteritis (HE) is an acute viral disease that affects avian species, particularly turkeys, compromising their commercial production and having a negative...
Hemorrhagic enteritis (HE) is an acute viral disease that affects avian species, particularly turkeys, compromising their commercial production and having a negative effect on animal welfare. Turkey adenovirus 3 (TAdV-3), is the main causal agent of the disease. In this study, we considered 3 groups of turkeys to achieve 2 purposes: 1) A preliminary investigation on the microbiota content in the 4 parts of healthy turkey's intestine (group A), namely duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and ceca was done; 2) an investigation on the relationship between natural infections with TAdV-3 and the intestinal microbiota in the jejunum, where HE mostly develops, comparing group A with animals with molecular positivity for the virus and with clinical signs of HE (group B) and animals with molecular positivity for the virus but without clinical signs (group C). Massive sequencing of the hypervariable V1-V2 regions of 16S rRNA gene and QIIME 1.9.1 software analysis was performed, and operation taxonomic units (OTUs) were classified into 4 abundant phyla: Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. The microbial population of small intestine was distributed almost homogeneously in the healthy turkeys, and Firmicutes was the prevalent phylum (79.85% in duodenum, 89.57% in jejunum and 99.28% in ileum). As compared with small intestine, ceca microbial community was much more heterogeneous: Firmicutes (48.03%), Bacteroidetes (33.60%) and Proteobacteria (12.32%). In the natural infections of HEV, the main bacterial families were Bacteroidaceae (Bacteroidetes) and Peptostreptococcaceae (Firmicutes), uniquely detected in group B and C. Also Clostridiaceae (Firmicutes) was detected, uniquely in group B.
Topics: Adenoviridae Infections; Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Jejunum; Poultry Diseases; Siadenovirus; Turkeys
PubMed: 28938792
DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex139 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) May 2016Morphological and histochemical analyses were performed to characterize the histology, ultrastructure, and glycosylation pattern of the jejunum and ileum of the wild...
Morphological and histochemical analyses were performed to characterize the histology, ultrastructure, and glycosylation pattern of the jejunum and ileum of the wild rodent Lagostomus maximus. Enterocytes, goblet cells, Paneth cells, and enteroendocrine cells were identified in both intestinal epithelia. Two morphological types of enterocytes were identified only in the ileum based on their cytoplasm electron density. Although the histological and ultrastructural examination showed that the epithelia of both anatomical regions were morphologically similar, a certain specialization in their secretory products was evident. The glycosylation pattern of the jejunum and ileum was characterized in situ by histochemical and lectin histochemical methods. Histochemical results revealed the presence of carboxylated and sulfated gycoconjugates in both regions, although sulfomucins were clearly prevalent in the ileum. Sialic acid was highly O-acetylated and particularly abundant in the jejunum. The KOH/PA*/Bh/PAS technique evidenced a more intense histochemical reaction in the jejunal than in the ileum goblet cells, demonstrating a reduction of neutral mucin secretion in the distal small intestine. Further specific differences were revealed by lectin histochemistry. These data evidenced that the nature of mucus varies at different anatomical regions, probably adapted to physiological requirements.
Topics: Animals; Female; Glycosylation; Ileum; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum; Lectins; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Mucins; Rodentia
PubMed: 26917039
DOI: 10.1002/ar.23335 -
The Journal of Nutrition Jul 2020Methionine is an essential amino acid (AA) with many fundamental roles. Humans often supplement l-Met, whereas dl-Met and dl-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid...
BACKGROUND
Methionine is an essential amino acid (AA) with many fundamental roles. Humans often supplement l-Met, whereas dl-Met and dl-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (dl-HMTBA) are more frequently used to supplement livestock.
OBJECTIVES
The study aimed to investigate whether dietary Met source alters the absorptive capacity for Met isomers in the small intestine of piglets.
METHODS
A total of 27 male 10-wk-old piglets in 3 feeding groups received a diet supplemented with 0.21% dl-Met, 0.21% l-Met, or 0.31% dl-HMTBA to meet the Met + cystine requirement. After ≥10 d, absorptive fluxes of d-Met or l-Met were measured at a physiological concentration of 50 μM and a high concentration of 5 mM in duodenum, middle jejunum, and ileum ex vivo. Data were compared by 2-factor ANOVA.
RESULTS
Across diets, fluxes of both Met isomers at both tested concentrations increased from duodenum to ileum by a factor of ∼2-5.5 (P < 0.05). Pigs supplemented with dl-Met had greater (P < 0.085) absorptive fluxes at 50 μM l-Met (0.50, 2.07, and 3.86 nmol · cm-2 · h-1) and d-Met (0.62, 1.41, and 1.19 nmol · cm-2 · h-1) than did pigs supplemented with dl-HMTBA (l-Met: 0.28, 0.76, and 1.08 nmol · cm-2 · h-1; d-Met: 0.34, 0.58, and 0.64 nmol · cm-2 · h-1) in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, respectively. Only in jejunum of dl-Met-fed pigs, fluxes at 50 μM l-Met were reduced by the omission of luminal Na+ (from 3.27 to 0.86 nmol · cm-2 · h-1; P < 0.05) and by a cocktail of 22 luminal AAs (to 1.05 nmol · cm-2 · h-1; P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Dietary supplementation of dl-Met increases the efficiency of l-Met and d-Met absorption at physiologically relevant luminal Met concentrations along the small intestine of pigs, including a very prominent induction of an Na+-dependent transport system with preference for l-Met in the mid-jejunum. Dietary supplementation with dl-Met could be a promising tool to improve the absorption of Met and other AAs.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Biological Transport; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Jejunum; Male; Methionine; Sodium; Swine
PubMed: 32359147
DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa115 -
Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Aug 2022A case of primary synovial sarcoma of the jejunum was collected and analyzed retrospectively. A 19-year-old man who presented to hospital with abdominal pain. The CT...
A case of primary synovial sarcoma of the jejunum was collected and analyzed retrospectively. A 19-year-old man who presented to hospital with abdominal pain. The CT scan showed a large mixed abdominal mass with bleeding. Laparotomy revealed that the tumor originated from the jejunum, accompanied by rupture and hemorrhage. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of spindle cells. The tumor cells demonstrated diffuse expression of vimentin, transducin-like enhancer (TLE)-1, B-cell lymphoma protein (Bcl)-2, CD99 and focal expression of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). The presence of specific gene rearrangement was confirmed in tumor cells. The patient received 6 cycles of chemotherapy after jejunal tumor resection. And 12 months later, the patient presented pancreatic metastasis and had radiotherapy. The patient died 15 months after the diagnosis.
Topics: Male; Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Sarcoma, Synovial; Jejunum; Retrospective Studies; Biomarkers, Tumor
PubMed: 37202095
DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0117 -
Gut Jun 2002Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are pacemakers and mediators of motor neurotransmission in gastrointestinal smooth muscles. ICC require cellular signalling via Kit, a...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are pacemakers and mediators of motor neurotransmission in gastrointestinal smooth muscles. ICC require cellular signalling via Kit, a receptor tyrosine kinase, for development and maintenance of phenotype. Much of the evidence demonstrating the functions of ICC comes from studies of W/W(V) mice, which have reduced Kit function and reductions in specific populations of ICC. The aim of the present study was to differentially examine gene expression in the small intestines of wild-type and W/W(V) mutant mice.
METHODS AND RESULTS
RNA from the jejunums of wild-type and W/W(V) mutants was analysed using a differential gene display method. Eighteen queries were identified as novel genes that were differentially displayed in wild-type and W/W(V) mice. One candidate gene, encoding a novel acid phosphatase-like protein, was significantly suppressed in fed and starved W/W(V) mice. The full length clone of the murine gene and its human counterpart were designated acid phosphatase-like protein 1 (ACPL1). Human ACPL1 cDNA encodes a protein of 428 amino acids with homology to human prostatic acid phosphatase protein. This gene is located at 1q21. ACPL1 was abundantly expressed in the human small intestine and colon. Gene products were found to be cytoplasmic in transfected COS-7 cells. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed expression of ACPL1 mRNA within single isolated ICCs.
CONCLUSIONS
Gene analysis showed that ACPL1 was differentially expressed in the small intestines of normal and W/W(V) mice. ICC within the small intestine expressed mRNA for ACPL1. Specific downregulation of ACPL1 in the jejunums of W/W(V) mice and high expression in human intestinal tissue suggest that the ACPL1 gene could be associated with ICC function in mice and humans.
Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Biological Clocks; Blotting, Northern; DNA, Complementary; Down-Regulation; Humans; Jejunum; Male; Mice; Mice, Mutant Strains; Molecular Sequence Data; RNA, Messenger; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 12010880
DOI: 10.1136/gut.50.6.790 -
Revista Do Colegio Brasileiro de... 2014to evaluate the impact of the new technology of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in improving the accuracy and early diagnosis of BSBI.
OBJECTIVE
to evaluate the impact of the new technology of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in improving the accuracy and early diagnosis of BSBI.
METHODS
patients with blunt small bowel injuries (BSBI) grade> I were identified retrospectively and their CT scans reviewed by an experienced radiologist. Clinical and tomographic findings were analyzed and patients grouped as "pre-MDCT" and "post-MDCT", according to the time of implementation of a 64-slice MDCT.
RESULTS
of the 26 patients with BSBI 16 had CT scans. Motor vehicle collision (62.5%) was the most frequent mechanism of injury. In the pre-MDCT period, five of the 13 patients (38.5%) had abdominal CT, and in the post-MDCT, 11 of 13 patients (84.6%) had the exam. During pre-MDCT, all CT scans were abnormal with findings of pneumoperitoneum (60%), free fluid (40%) and bowel wall enhancement (20%). In the post-MDCT group, all exams but one were abnormal and the most frequent findings were free fluid (90.9%), bowel wall enhancement (72.7%), and pneumoperitoneum (54.5%). However, the rate of delayed laparotomy did not change. The mortality rate in both groups were similar, with 20% during pre-MDCT and 18.2% during post-MDCT.
CONCLUSION
the use of MDCT in abdominal trauma in our service has increased the sensibility of the diagnosis, but has had no impact on outcome so far.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Ileum; Jejunum; Male; Middle Aged; Multidetector Computed Tomography; Multiple Trauma; Wounds, Nonpenetrating; Young Adult
PubMed: 25295990
DOI: 10.1590/0100-699120140040010 -
American Journal of Veterinary Research May 2011To determine expression of cyclooxygenase (COX) genes 1 and 2 (also called prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthases 1 and 2) and stability of housekeeping gene expression...
OBJECTIVE
To determine expression of cyclooxygenase (COX) genes 1 and 2 (also called prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthases 1 and 2) and stability of housekeeping gene expression during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion in the jejunum of horses.
ANIMALS
5 healthy adult horses.
PROCEDURES
Horses were anesthetized, and two 30-cm segments of jejunum were surgically exteriorized. Blood flow was maintained at baseline (untreated) values in 1 (control) segment and was decreased to 20% of baseline (low-flow ischemia) for 75 minutes, followed by 75 minutes of reperfusion, in the other (experimental) segment. Biopsy samples were collected from experimental segments at baseline (T0), after 75 minutes of ischemia (T1), and after 75 minutes of reperfusion (T2); samples were collected from control segments at T0 and T2. Horses were euthanized 24 hours after induction of ischemia (T3), and additional samples were collected. Samples were evaluated histologically. Total RNA was extracted; expression of COX genes and stability of 8 housekeeping genes were determined via quantitative real-time PCR assays.
RESULTS
COX-1 and COX-2 genes were constitutively expressed in baseline samples. Low-flow ischemia resulted in significant upregulation of COX-2 gene expression at each subsequent time point, compared with baseline values. The most stably expressed reference genes were β-actin and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase, whereas glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and β-2 microglobulin were the least stably expressed.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Low-flow ischemia resulted in upregulation of COX-2 gene expression in the jejunum of horses. Housekeeping genes traditionally used as internal standards may not be stable in this tissue during arterial low-flow ischemia and reperfusion.
Topics: Animals; Cyclooxygenase 1; Cyclooxygenase 2; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Horse Diseases; Horses; Ischemia; Jejunal Diseases; Jejunum; Male; Reperfusion Injury; Up-Regulation
PubMed: 21529221
DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.5.681 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Oct 2016
Topics: Acute Disease; Humans; Ischemia; Jejunum; Male; Mesenteric Artery, Superior; Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion; Middle Aged; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 27732829
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm1509318 -
Sources of activator Ca2+ for galanin-induced contractions of rat gastric fundus, jejunum and colon.Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology... Dec 2000Galanin (Gal) evoked reproducible contractions of isolated rat gastric fundus, colon and jejunum longitudinal strips in concentrations ranging from 1 nM to 3 microM....
Galanin (Gal) evoked reproducible contractions of isolated rat gastric fundus, colon and jejunum longitudinal strips in concentrations ranging from 1 nM to 3 microM. EC50 of Gal equalled 12.63, 23.27 and 56.02 nM, respectively. Hill's coefficients were not different from unity in any of the tissues examined. Experiments have been performed in the presence of protease and peptidase inhibitors, a variety of specific antagonists and tetrodotoxin (TTX) to exclude the non-specific stimulatory or inhibitory action of Gal. Gal-evoked contractions were attenuated by diminished extracellular Ca2+ concentration and by diltiazem. Gal activity in gastric fundus and colon, but not in jejunum was inhibited by depleting intracellular Ca2+ stores, thapsigargin, dantrolene, ryanodine, TMB-8, neomycin and U-73122. Our data confirmed that Gal contracts rat fundus, jejunum and colon by stimulating specific receptors, which are coupled both to Ca2+ influx through the voltage-dependent calcium channels and intracellular Ca2+ release from ryanodine- and IP3-sensitive stores (stomach and colon) or the extracellular Ca2+ influx only (jejunum). Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) plays a crucial role in the former but not in the latter signal transduction cascade.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Colon; Galanin; Gastric Fundus; Gastrointestinal Motility; In Vitro Techniques; Jejunum; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 11220491
DOI: No ID Found