-
Future Microbiology Aug 2016
Topics: Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Lactation; Lactobacillaceae; Microbiota; Milk, Human; Probiotics
PubMed: 27494232
DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0138 -
Journal of Bacteriology Aug 1965Johnston, M. A. (Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.), and E. A. Delwiche. Distribution and characteristics of the catalases of Lactobacillaceae. J. Bacteriol. 90:347-351....
Johnston, M. A. (Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.), and E. A. Delwiche. Distribution and characteristics of the catalases of Lactobacillaceae. J. Bacteriol. 90:347-351. 1965.-Certain strains of lactobacilli and pediococci incorporated hematin during growth, with the concomitant formation of cyanide- and azide-sensitive catalase. Three of five strains of lactobacilli and five of 25 strains of pediococci were capable of this biosynthesis. The pediococci required the heme component of blood, whereas the lactobacilli could incorporate the heme component in the form of purified and solubilized hemin or from blood. In all cases where inhibitor-sensitive enzyme was produced, it was accompanied by the production of inhibitor-insensitive enzyme. In the absence of hematin, only insensitive enzyme was obtained. Two catalase-positive strains of Streptococcus faecalis were found incapable of the synthesis of a heme-type enzyme, as was one member of the genus Leuconostoc. Iron and manganese in the growth medium stimulated the production of the insensitive catalase, but significant quantities of these metals could not be found in a purified enzyme preparation obtained from Lactobacillus plantarum. Aeration had little or no effect on growth, but it consistently doubled the amount of cyanide- and azide-resistant catalase. By means of conventional enzyme fractionation techniques, it was possible to separate the two different enzymes present in the cell-free extract of a strain of Pediococcus homari which had been grown in the presence of blood.
Topics: Azides; Blood; Catalase; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Culture Media; Cyanides; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Heme; Hemin; Iron; Lactobacillaceae; Lactobacillus; Leuconostoc; Manganese; Metabolism; Pediococcus; Pharmacology; Proteins; Research
PubMed: 14329446
DOI: 10.1128/jb.90.2.347-351.1965 -
Polish Journal of Microbiology Dec 2023Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) commonly used in clinical practice may cause gastrointestinal injuries and influence the gut microbiota. This study...
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) commonly used in clinical practice may cause gastrointestinal injuries and influence the gut microbiota. This study investigated the effects of various NSAIDs and some analgesics on the viability of strains (including probiotic strains) . It was found that diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, dexketoprofen, flurbiprofen, and acetylsalicylic acid inhibited the growth of lactobacilli at a concentration of 0.05-3.2 mg/ml. These MICs of NSAIDs are well above therapeutic plasma concentrations achieved in humans, indicating that the tested drugs should not inhibit the growth of lactobacilli in the human digestive tract.
Topics: Humans; Lactobacillaceae; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Ibuprofen; Diclofenac; Pain
PubMed: 37816501
DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2023-038 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Jun 2022The objective of this work was to determine in vitro probiotic activity traits of 11 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from pulque obtained from three...
The objective of this work was to determine in vitro probiotic activity traits of 11 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from pulque obtained from three different locations in the Mexican states of Oaxaca and Puebla using the probiotic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM as a positive control, and to detect their production of antimicrobial peptides, including bacteriocins and peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGH). The LAB isolates were identified by sequencing of their 16S rRNA as belonging to four different genera of the Lactobacillaceae family: Lactiplantibacillus, Levilactobacillus, Lacticaseibacillus and Liquorilactobacillus, corresponding to the species plantarum, brevis, paracasei and ghanensis, respectively. Most of the strains showed resistance to high acidity (pH 2) and bile salts (0.5%), with survival rates up to 87 and 92%, respectively. In addition, most of the strains presented good antimicrobial activity against the foodborne pathogens Listeria monocytogenes, ECEC and Salmonella Typhi. The strain Liquorilactobacillus ghanensis RVG6, newly reported in pulque, presented an outstanding overall performance on the probiotic activity tests. In terms of their probiotic activity traits assessed in this work, the strains compared positively with the control L. acidophilus NCFM, which is a very-well documented probiotic strain. For the antimicrobial peptide studies, four strains presented bacteriocin-like mediated antibiosis and six had significant PGH activity, with two strains presenting outstanding overall antimicrobial peptide production: Lacticaseibacillus paracasei RVG3 and Levilactobacillus brevis UTMB2. The probiotic performance of the isolates was mainly dependent on strain specificity. The results obtained in this work can foster the revalorization of pulque as a functional natural product.
Topics: Antimicrobial Peptides; Bacteriocins; Fermented Beverages; Lactobacillaceae; Lactobacillales; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Levilactobacillus brevis; Probiotics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 35094300
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00684-7 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Jan 2022The aim of this work was to refine the taxonomy and the functional characterization of publicly available Lactiplantibacillus plantarum complete genomes through a...
AIMS
The aim of this work was to refine the taxonomy and the functional characterization of publicly available Lactiplantibacillus plantarum complete genomes through a pan-genome analysis. Particular attention was paid in depicting the probiotic potential of each strain.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Complete genome sequence of 127 L. plantarum strains, without detected anomalies, was downloaded from NCBI. Roary analysis of L. plantarum pan-genome identified 1436 core, 414 soft core, 1858 shell and 13,203 cloud genes, highlighting the 'open' nature of L. plantarum pan-genome. Identification and characterization of plasmid content, mobile genetic elements, adaptative immune system and probiotic marker genes (PMGs) revealed unique features across all the L. plantarum strains included in the present study. Considering our updated list of PMGs, we determined that approximatively 70% of the PMGs belongs to the core/soft-core genome.
CONCLUSIONS
The comparative genomic analysis conducted in this study provide new insights into the genomic content and variability of L. plantarum.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
This study provides a comprehensive pan-genome analysis of L. plantarum, including the largest number (N = 127) of complete L. plantarum genomes retrieved from publicly available repositories. Our effort aimed to determine a solid reference panel for the future characterization of newly sequenced L. plantarum strains useful as probiotic supplements.
Topics: Genome, Bacterial; Genomics; Lactobacillaceae; Lactobacillus plantarum; Probiotics; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 34216519
DOI: 10.1111/jam.15199 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Mar 2023The growth of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, widely used for yogurt production, results in acid production and...
The growth of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, widely used for yogurt production, results in acid production and the reduction of the milk [Formula: see text]. Industrial processes can show temperature ([Formula: see text]) changes due to the large scale of the equipment. As [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] affect the LAB growth, this study aimed to model the dependence of S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus as a function of temperature and pH and to estimate and internally validate their growth parameters and confidence intervals with different modeling approaches. Twenty-four datasets regarding the growth kinetics of S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus were used for estimating the kinetic parameters for each pure culture. The classical Baranyi and Roberts (sigmoidal) primary and Rosso and coworkers (cardinal parameter) secondary models successfully described the experimental data. The one-step modeling approach showed better statistical results than the two-step approach. The values of eight growth parameters ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]) for each culture estimated from the fitting with the one-step approach and the Monte-Carlo-based approach were similar. Low averaged root-mean-squared errors ([Formula: see text]) (0.125 and 0.090 log CFU/mL) and percent discrepancy factor [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) values for S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus were obtained in the internal model validation, reinforcing the predictive ability of the model.
Topics: Lactobacillus delbrueckii; Streptococcus thermophilus; Lactobacillus; Temperature; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Fermentation
PubMed: 36740644
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00907-5 -
Microbial Cell Factories Mar 2021Lactobacillus spp. have been researched worldwide and are used in probiotics, but due to difficulties with laboratory cultivation of and experimentation on oral...
BACKGROUND
Lactobacillus spp. have been researched worldwide and are used in probiotics, but due to difficulties with laboratory cultivation of and experimentation on oral microorganisms, there are few reports of Lactobacillus spp. being isolated from the oral cavity and tested against oral pathogens. This research sought to isolate and determine the safety and inhibitory capabilities of a Lactobacillus culture taken from the human body.
RESULTS
One organism was isolated, named "L. gasseri HHuMIN D", and evaluated for safety. A 5% dilution of L. gasseri HHuMIN D culture supernatant exhibited 88.8% inhibition against halitosis-producing anaerobic microorganisms and the organism itself exhibited powerful inhibitory effects on the growth of 11 oral bacteria. Hydrogen peroxide production reached 802 μmol/L after 12 h and gradually diminished until 24 h, it efficiently aggregated with P. catoniae and S. sanguinis, and it completely suppressed S. mutans-manufactured artificial dental plaque. L. gasseri HHuMIN D's KB cell adhesion capacity was 4.41 cells per cell, and the cell adhesion of F. nucleatum and S. mutans diminished strongly in protection and displacement assays.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that L. gasseri HHuMIN D is a safe, bioactive, lactobacterial food ingredient, starter culture, and/or probiotic microorganism for human oral health.
Topics: Antibiosis; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Lactobacillus; Lactobacillus gasseri; Mouth; Probiotics
PubMed: 33757506
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01563-w -
The Journal of Nutrition Mar 2007Recent years have seen an explosion in the development and application of molecular tools for identifying microbes and analyzing their activity. These tools are... (Review)
Review
Recent years have seen an explosion in the development and application of molecular tools for identifying microbes and analyzing their activity. These tools are increasingly applied to strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), including those used in fermentation and as well as those marketed as probiotics, for identification and analysis of their activity. Many of these tools are based on 16S ribosomal DNA sequences and exploit either hybridization or PCR techniques. Furthermore, complete or partial genomes of various LAB and bifidobacteria have been determined and offer omics-based approaches to analyze the activity of the bacteria provided that the mechanisms of their action are known. Finally, fluorescent probes coupled to flow cytometry are used to monitor the physiological capacity of bacterial cells in situ. All these approaches can be used for the screening and selection of LAB, assessing their role in fermentation and flavor development in fermented products. Additional aspects of probiotic LAB include their viability and vitality during processing and analysis of their presence, persistence, and performance in the gastrointestinal tract. An overview of these approaches is provided, and specific examples of their application to lactic cultures are presented. Because of their abundant use in tracing and tracking of LAB, a complete listing of 16S ribosomal RNA probes for lactobacilli and bifidobacteria is provided.
Topics: Lactobacillaceae; Microbiological Techniques; Microbiology; Molecular Biology; Probiotics
PubMed: 17311970
DOI: 10.1093/jn/137.3.741S -
Microbiology Spectrum Feb 2022is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria and comprises a major part of the lactic acid bacteria group that converts sugars to lactic acid. species found in the gut...
is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria and comprises a major part of the lactic acid bacteria group that converts sugars to lactic acid. species found in the gut microbiota are considered beneficial to human health and commonly used in probiotic formulations, but their molecular functions remain poorly defined. Microbes require metal ions for growth and function and must acquire them from the surrounding environment. Therefore, lactobacilli need to compete with other gut microbes for these nutrients, although their metal requirements are not well-understood. Indeed, the abundance of lactobacilli in the microbiota is frequently affected by dietary intake of essential metals like zinc, manganese, and iron, but few studies have investigated the role of metals, especially zinc, in the physiology and metabolism of species. Here, we investigated metal uptake by quantifying total cellular metal contents and compared how transition metals affect the growth of two distinct species, Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 and Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356. When grown in rich or metal-limited medium, both species took up more manganese, zinc, and iron compared with other transition metals measured. Distinct zinc-, manganese- and iron-dependent patterns were observed in the growth kinetics for these species and while certain levels of each metal promoted the growth kinetics of both species, the effects depend significantly on the culture medium and growth conditions. The gastrointestinal tract contains trillions of microorganisms, which are central to human health. Lactobacilli are considered beneficial microbiota members and are often used in probiotics, but their molecular functions, and especially those which are metal-dependent, remain poorly defined. Abundance of lactobacilli in the microbiota is frequently affected by dietary intake of essential metals like manganese, zinc, and iron, but results are complex, sometimes contradictory, and poorly predictable. There is a significant need to understand how host diet and metabolism will affect the microbiota, given that changes in microbiota composition are linked with disease and infection. The significance of our research is in gaining insight to how metals distinctly affect individual species, which could lead to novel therapeutics and improved medical treatment. Growth kinetics and quantification of metal contents highlights how distinct species can respond differently to varied metal availability and provide a foundation for future molecular and mechanistic studies.
Topics: Iron; Kinetics; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lactobacillus plantarum; Manganese; Zinc
PubMed: 35080431
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01006-21 -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1999The development of sophisticated genetic tools during the past 15 years have facilitated a tremendous increase of fundamental and application-oriented knowledge of... (Review)
Review
The development of sophisticated genetic tools during the past 15 years have facilitated a tremendous increase of fundamental and application-oriented knowledge of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their bacteriophages. This knowledge relates both to the assignments of open reading frames (ORF's) and the function of non-coding DNA sequences. Comparison of the complete nucleotide sequences of several LAB bacteriophages has revealed that their chromosomes have a fixed, modular structure, each module having a set of genes involved in a specific phase of the bacteriophage life cycle. LAB bacteriophage genes and DNA sequences have been used for the construction of temperature-inducible gene expression systems, gene-integration systems, and bacteriophage defence systems. The function of several LAB open reading frames and transcriptional units have been identified and characterized in detail. Many of these could find practical applications, such as induced lysis of LAB to enhance cheese ripening and re-routing of carbon fluxes for the production of a specific amino acid enantiomer. More knowledge has also become available concerning the function and structure of non-coding DNA positioned at or in the vicinity of promoters. In several cases the mRNA produced from this DNA contains a transcriptional terminator-antiterminator pair, in which the antiterminator can be stabilized either by uncharged tRNA or by interaction with a regulatory protein, thus preventing formation of the terminator so that mRNA elongation can proceed. Evidence has accumulated showing that also in LAB carbon catabolite repression in LAB is mediated by specific DNA elements in the vicinity of promoters governing the transcription of catabolic operons. Although some biological barriers have yet to be solved, the vast body of scientific information presently available allows the construction of tailor-made genetically modified LAB. Today, it appears that societal constraints rather than biological hurdles impede the use of genetically modified LAB.
Topics: Bacteriophages; DNA; Genetic Techniques; Genome, Bacterial; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Lactobacillaceae; Open Reading Frames
PubMed: 10532371
DOI: No ID Found