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Pharmaceutics Jun 2018The major in vitro permeation studies are currently performed in Franz-type diffusion cells because of their simplicity, cost effectiveness and because the experimental...
BACKGROUND
The major in vitro permeation studies are currently performed in Franz-type diffusion cells because of their simplicity, cost effectiveness and because the experimental conditions can be easily controlled. Apart from the skin, Franz-type diffusion cells can be used with synthetic membranes. Nevertheless, they do not emulate the nature of the lipidic matrix, which is responsible for the topical barrier function.
OBJECTIVE
This paper offers two new approaches combining different synthetic membranes (Strat-M and Nucleopore) with lanolin, which provides lipidic components similar to the lipidic matrix.
METHODS
The molecular structure of lanolin was studied in membranes by attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR). The water permeability and absorption of lidocaine, diclofenac sodium and betamethasone dipropionate were also studied and compared against free-lanolin membranes and skin.
RESULTS
The results showed an increasing barrier function after lanolin application in both membranes, resulting in a decrease in water permeability. Observing the IR spectra, the lateral packaging of the lipid in the synthetic membranes seems to emulate the orthorhombic disposition from the stratum corneum. Moreover, the three substances applied to the lanolin-containing membranes have a similar absorption to that of the skin.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, combining synthetic membranes with lanolin may be a useful approach to mimic topical actives’ absorption.
PubMed: 29933575
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030073 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jan 2022To evaluate the effectiveness of different treatment modalities for dry eye in primary Sjögren's syndrome with their potential overlapping influences.
PURPOSE
To evaluate the effectiveness of different treatment modalities for dry eye in primary Sjögren's syndrome with their potential overlapping influences.
METHODS
This study included 199 patients with newly diagnosed primary Sjögren's syndrome from 2005 to 2020. Various treatment modalities for primary Sjögren's syndrome were compared. Improvement of corneal staining based on Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance (SICCA) scores was the primary outcome.
RESULTS
The average follow-up period was 5.4 ± 3.1 (range, 2.0-14.1) years. Analysis of the individual treatments showed that punctal plug insertions in the lower and upper eyelids were strongly associated with improvement of SICCA scores (β = 2.70 and 1.80, < 0.001 and <0.001, respectively). With ocular surface inflammation, corneal staining scores improved significantly with steroid eye drops. Prednisolone (1%) had the strongest association with improvement of corneal staining scores (β = 1.48, < 0.001); this was based on the frequency of administration. Without ocular surface inflammation, diquafosol (3%), carbomer gel, and lanolin ointment were effective (β = 1.37, 1.06, and 1.17; = 0.003, 0.003, and <0.001, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
Punctal plug insertion, primarily targeting aqueous deficiency, is the mainstay of the treatment for dry eye in primary Sjögren's syndrome even in the presence of ocular surface inflammation. Furthermore, the effectiveness of treatment modalities for dry eye in primary Sjögren's syndrome was dependent on the presence of ocular surface inflammation.
PubMed: 35054155
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020463 -
Homeopathy : the Journal of the Faculty... Nov 2022Myiasis by (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a serious problem in animal health in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Ointment-type preparations are a good option of...
BACKGROUND
Myiasis by (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a serious problem in animal health in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Ointment-type preparations are a good option of formulation in cases of myiasis in farm and pet animals. and have already shown efficacy on . This article describes an experiment to test the inhibition of development from exposing larvae of to two homeopathic ointments (prepared individually with or ).
METHODS
The homeopathic ointments were produced by mixing sterile lanolin, tocopherol and homeopathic medicine on a hydroalcoholic basis according to the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia. Larvae were obtained from naturally occurring myiases in sheep (wild larvae) or from a laboratory colony. The test consisted of exposing a group of 10 third-stage wild larvae in contact with or ointment, or a group of 15 laboratory-propagated larvae in contact with the alcoholic vehicle of the ointment or homeopathic medicines prepared in sterile water ( or ), and observing the effect on the development, longevity and fertility of the blow-fly specimens.
RESULTS
The larval inhibition rate was 90.0% for the ointment group and was 86.0% for the ointment group. The non-alcoholic vehicle and the alcoholic vehicle inhibited the development of 24.0% and 22.08% of the larvae respectively. prepared in sterile water inhibited the development of 74.67% and in sterile water inhibited 73.33% of larvae. Specimens that survived contact with homeopathic ointments had their longevity decreased and did not reproduce.
CONCLUSION
Ointments of or were able to inhibit the development of larvae. The ointment vehicle was harmless.
Topics: Animals; Sheep; Diptera; Calliphoridae; Larva; Ointments; Homeopathy; Myiasis; Sulfur; Materia Medica; Water
PubMed: 35259770
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739395 -
Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi. Japanese... Jan 2010Cosmetics are defined as "articles with mild action on the human body, which are intended to be applied to the human body through rubbing, sprinkling or other methods,... (Review)
Review
Cosmetics are defined as "articles with mild action on the human body, which are intended to be applied to the human body through rubbing, sprinkling or other methods, aiming to clean, beautify and increase the attractiveness, alter the appearance or to keep the skin or hair in good condition (The Pharmaceutical Affairs Law: Article 2)." Consequently, they include personal hygiene products such as shampoos, soaps and toothpaste. In Europe, 1% of the population is estimated to be allergic to fragrances and 2-3% to ingredients of cosmetics; 10% of outpatients patch-tested for cosmetics allergy were found to be positive. Allergenic ingredients of cosmetics can be fragrances, hair dye, preservatives, antioxidants, emollients, surfactants, UV absorbers, pigments or resins used in nail cosmetics. Among standard allergen series, eight substances are related to cosmetics; in Japan in 2003, p-phenylenediamine (hair dyes) induced allergic reactions with the highest rate of 7.9% in outpatients patch-tested (n=805), followed by fragrance mix No. 1 (4.0%, mixture of eight fragrances frequently used), colophony (3.2%, main contents of pine resin), lanolin alcohol (2.7%,emollients), and formaldehyde, parabens, Kathon CG (2.7% ,1.9% and 1.0%, respectively; preservatives). Cosmetic allergy symptoms tend to be mild except those caused by hair dye. However, the population exposed to cosmetics is huge and the number of ingredients used in cosmetics increased up to more than 6000. Here, major cosmetic ingredient allergens, mainly reported in Japan, are reviewed and discussed.
Topics: Allergens; Antioxidants; Coloring Agents; Cosmetics; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Emollients; Europe; Hair Dyes; Humans; Japan; Patch Tests; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; Skin Care; Sunscreening Agents; Surface-Active Agents
PubMed: 20134105
DOI: 10.1265/jjh.65.20 -
Journal of Oleo Science Oct 2020This study was aimed to prepare oleogels of whale spermaceti wax (WsWO) and lanolin wax (LnWO), and to compare them with well-known animal wax oleogels of shellac (ShWO)...
This study was aimed to prepare oleogels of whale spermaceti wax (WsWO) and lanolin wax (LnWO), and to compare them with well-known animal wax oleogels of shellac (ShWO) and beeswax (BsWO). WsWO, ShWO and BsWO were prepared at 5% (w/w) organogelator addition level, while LnWO was necessarily prepared at its minimum gelling concentration (C*) of 30% (w/w) addition level. All oleogels were posed high oil binding capacity and thermal reversibility. Melting peak temperatures were ordered as ShWO > BsWO > WsWO > LnWO by calorimetry. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated the presence of both β´and β type polymorphs, together with needle-like crystal morphology. Rheological analyses indicated that the stiffness of the gels were ordered as BsWO > WsWO > LnWO > ShWO. All showed good thixotropy, and thermal stability until 40°C (ShWO until 80°C). Finally, the sensory descriptive analysis indicated that LnWO had distinct negative sheep odor, but WsWO was quite similar to BsWO. Overall, LnWO determined to be not proper for food applications, but WsWO was shown to be a suitable oleogel for food applications.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Crystallization; Female; Food; Food Quality; Humans; Lanolin; Male; Middle Aged; Odorants; Organic Chemicals; Resins, Plant; Rheology; Temperature; Waxes; Whales; Young Adult
PubMed: 32908094
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20081 -
The Indian Medical Gazette May 1889
PubMed: 29000191
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Jun 1886
PubMed: 20751591
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.1328.1105 -
The Indian Medical Gazette May 1910
PubMed: 29004431
DOI: No ID Found -
The Indian Medical Gazette Feb 1910
PubMed: 29004575
DOI: No ID Found -
Acta Orthopaedica Dec 2013It remains controversial how hypercholesterolemia influences the development of steroid-induced osteonecrosis (ON). We investigated the role of hypercholesterolemia...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
It remains controversial how hypercholesterolemia influences the development of steroid-induced osteonecrosis (ON). We investigated the role of hypercholesterolemia induced by a cholesterol-rich diet on the development of ON in rabbits.
METHODS
40 adult male Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups. 20 rabbits were maintained on a cholesterol-rich diet for 2 weeks before receiving steroid treatment (the CHOL group). The other 20 rabbits were maintained on a standard diet (the control (CTR) group). 2 weeks after the start of the study, all 40 rabbits were injected with methylprednisolone acetate (MPSL) into the right gluteus medius muscle (20 mg/kg body weight). 2 weeks after the steroid injection, both the femora and humeri were examined histopathologically for the presence of ON. Hematological analysis of the serum lipid levels was performed every week. Based on the same protocol, we also investigated the effects of lanolin, a primary component of a cholesterol-rich diet, in another group (the LA group).
RESULTS
The incidence of ON in the CHOL group (3/20) was lower than that observed in the CTR group (15/20) (p < 0.001). During the whole experiment, the levels of total cholesterol and the ratio of low-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein in the CHOL group were higher than those observed in the CTR group (p < 0.001). The LA group also had a lower incidence of ON (2/20), and the lipid levels in the LA group showed similar changes to those observed in the CHOL group.
INTERPRETATION
Our findings suggest that preexisting hypercholesterolemia itself induced by a cholesterol-rich diet does not increase the risk of developing steroid-induced ON, but rather seems to diminish it. Lanolin may be the active anti-ON component of the cholesterol diet.
Topics: Animals; Cholesterol, Dietary; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diet; Disease Models, Animal; Femur Head Necrosis; Glucocorticoids; Hypercholesterolemia; Lanolin; Male; Methylprednisolone; Methylprednisolone Acetate; Rabbits
PubMed: 24171681
DOI: 10.3109/17453674.2013.859421