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Vaccines Sep 2022The unprecedented health catastrophe derived from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2 infection) met with a phenomenal scientific response...
The unprecedented health catastrophe derived from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2 infection) met with a phenomenal scientific response across the globe. Worldwide, the scientific community was focused on finding a cure for the deadly disease. A wide range of research studies has consistently revealed the link between SARS-CoV-2 infection severity and abnormal gut microbiomes, suggesting its potential in developing novel therapeutic approaches. Probiotics have been extensively studied to promote health in human hosts and reestablish a balance in the dysbiotic gut microbiome; however, there is strong skepticism about their safety and efficacy. Consequently, the metabolic signatures of probiotics, often referred to as "postbiotics", could prove of paramount importance for adjuvant cures in patients with SARS-CoV-2. Postbiotics exhibit safety, enhanced shelf-life, and stability and, therefore, could be implemented in SARS-CoV-2 prophylactic strategies with no undue adverse side effects. The current study is a preliminary investigation of the antiviral properties of postbiotic metabolites derived from GBUT-21. The study focuses on the potential biological role in inactivating SARS-CoV-2 and reducing related inflammatory pathways.
PubMed: 36298446
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101581 -
Nutrients Jun 2022Probiotics, active microorganisms benefiting human health, currently serve as nutritional supplements and clinical treatments. Periodontitis, a chronic infectious oral...
Probiotics, active microorganisms benefiting human health, currently serve as nutritional supplements and clinical treatments. Periodontitis, a chronic infectious oral disease caused by (), activates the host immune response to release numerous proinflammatory cytokines. Here, we aimed to clarify () LVBH107 probiotic effects based on the inhibition of activities while also evaluating the effectiveness of an in vitro lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell-based inflammation mode. LVBH107 survived at acid, bile salts, lysozyme, and hydrogen peroxide conditions, auto-aggregated and co-aggregated with , exhibited strong hydrophobicity and electrostatic action, and strongly adhered to gingival epithelial and HT-29 cells (thus exhibiting oral tissue adherence and colonization abilities). Moreover, LVBH107 exhibited sensitivity to antibiotics erythromycin, doxycycline, minocycline, ampicillin, and others (thus indicating it lacked antibiotic resistance plasmids), effectively inhibited biofilm formation and inflammation (in vitro inflammation model), reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) and inflammatory mediators (NO and PGE), and decreased the expression levels of inflammation related genes. Thus, LVBH107 holds promise as a probiotic that can inhibit biofilm formation and exert anti-inflammatory activity to maintain oral health.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cytokines; Humans; Inflammation; Leuconostoc mesenteroides; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice; Porphyromonas gingivalis; RAW 264.7 Cells
PubMed: 35807773
DOI: 10.3390/nu14132584 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2021An isolated bacterium TBE-8, was identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides according to the sequences of 16S rDNA and the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region. The...
An isolated bacterium TBE-8, was identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides according to the sequences of 16S rDNA and the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region. The probiotic properties of the L. mesenteroides TBE-8 strain were characterized and revealed that TBE-8 could utilize various carbohydrates, exhibited high tolerance to sucrose's osmotic pressure and acidic conditions, and could mitigate the impact of the bee pathogen Paenibacillus larvae. In addition, we found that the TBE-8 broth increased the expression of the nutrition-related genes major royal jelly protein 1 and vitellogenin in bees by approximately 1400- and 20-fold, respectively. The expression of genes encoding two antibacterial peptides, hymenoptaecin and apidaecin, in the bee abdomen was significantly increased by 17- and 7-fold in bees fed with the TBE-8 fermented broth. Furthermore, we fed four-frame bee colonies with 50% sucrose syrup containing TBE-8 and can detect the presence of approximately 2 × 10 16S rDNA copies of TBE-8 in the guts of all bees in 24 h, and the retention of TBE-8 in the bee gut for at least 5 days. These findings indicate that the L. mesenteroides TBE-8 has high potential as a bee probiotic and could enhance the health of bee colonies.
Topics: Animals; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Bees; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Disease Resistance; Glycoproteins; Insect Proteins; Leuconostoc mesenteroides; Paenibacillus larvae; Probiotics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vitellogenins
PubMed: 34531482
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97950-9 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2023Ulcerative colitis (UC) is caused by inflammation only in the mucosa of the colon, and its incidence is increasing worldwide. The intake of probiotics is known to have a...
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is caused by inflammation only in the mucosa of the colon, and its incidence is increasing worldwide. The intake of probiotics is known to have a beneficial effect on the development of UC. In this study, we investigated the alleviating effects of kimchi (KC), a fermented food rich in probiotics, and DRC 1506 (DRC) isolated from kimchi on UC. A freeze-dried kimchi suspension and DRC were orally given to mice at a dose of 1 × 10 CFU/day for 3 weeks. Furthermore, 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water was given to induce UC. The KC and DRC groups reduced symptoms of colitis, such as disease activity index, decrease in colon length, colon weight-to-length ratio, and pathological damage to the colon caused by DSS treatment. The KC and DRC groups decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in the colon tissues. At the mRNA and protein expression levels in the colon tissue, KC and DRC groups downregulated inflammatory factors and upregulated tight junction-related factors. Therefore, DRC, as well as KC supplementation, are potent in alleviating UC by improving the inflammatory response and mucosal barrier function in the colon.
PubMed: 36766113
DOI: 10.3390/foods12030584 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2023The short lifespan of enables the efficient investigation of probiotic interventions affecting stress and longevity involving the potential therapeutic value of and...
The short lifespan of enables the efficient investigation of probiotic interventions affecting stress and longevity involving the potential therapeutic value of and isolated from organic basil. The lactic acid bacteria were cultured from the produce collected from a local grocery store in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and then identified through 16S rDNA sequencing and biochemical tests. To dive deep into this analysis for potential probiotic therapy, we used fluorescent reporters that allow us to assess the differential induction of multiple stress pathways such as oxidative stress and the cytoplasmic, endoplasmic reticulum, and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. This is combined with the classic health span measurements of survival, development, and fecundity, allowing a wide range of organismal observations of the different communities of microbes supported by probiotic supplementation with and . These strains were initially assessed in relation to the feeding strain OP50 and the microbiome. The supplementation showed a reduction in the median lifespan of the worms colonized within the microbiome. This was unsurprising, as negative results are common when probiotics are introduced into healthy microbiomes. To further assess the supplementation potential of these strains on an unhealthy (undifferentiated) microbiome, the typical axenic diet, OP50, was used to simulate this single-species biome. The addition of lactic acid bacteria to OP50 led to a significant improvement in the median and overall survival in simulated biomes, indicating their potential in probiotic therapy. The study analyzed the supplemented cultures in terms of ' morphology, locomotor behavior, reproduction, and stress responses, revealing unique characteristics and stress response patterns for each group. As the microbiome's influence on the health span gains interest, the study aims to understand the microbiome relationships that result in differential stress resistance and lifespans by supplementing microbiomes with and isolated from organic basil in .
PubMed: 37772058
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1207705 -
Microorganisms Nov 2021Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) share several beneficial effects on human organisms, such as bioactive metabolites' release, pathogens' competition and immune stimulation....
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) share several beneficial effects on human organisms, such as bioactive metabolites' release, pathogens' competition and immune stimulation. This study aimed at determining the probiotic potential of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria isolated from carrots. In particular, the work reported the characterization at the species level of four LAB strains deriving from carrots harvested in Fucino highland, Abruzzo (Italy). Ribosomal 16S DNA analysis allowed identification of three strains belonging to and a strain. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to investigate the probiotic potential of the different isolates. Among them, C2 and C7 showed high survival percentages under in vitro simulated gastro-intestinal conditions, antibiotic susceptibly and the ability to inhibit in vitro growth against serovar , , and pathogens. In parallel, the simple model was used for in vivo screenings. C2 and C7 strains significantly induced pro-longevity effects, protection from pathogens' infection and innate immunity stimulation. Overall, these results showed that some autochthonous LAB from vegetables such as carrots have functional features to be considered as novel probiotic candidates.
PubMed: 34835416
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112290 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by lactic acid bacteria possess various bioactivities and potential attractions for scientific exploration and commercial development....
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by lactic acid bacteria possess various bioactivities and potential attractions for scientific exploration and commercial development. An EPS-producing bacterial strain, RSG7, was previously isolated from the pepino and identified as . Based on the analyses of high-performance size exclusion chromatography, high-performance ion chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and methylation, the RSG7 EPS was identified as a dextran with a molecular weight of 5.47 × 10 Da and consisted of α-(1→6) glycosidic linkages as backbone and α-(1→2), α-(1→3), α-(1→4), and α-(1→6) glycosidic linkages as side chains. Scanning electron microscopy observed a honeycomb-like porous structure of RSG7 dextran, and this dextran formed aggregations with irregular hill-shaped lumps according to atomic force microscopy analysis. Physical-chemical investigations suggested that RSG7 dextran possessed excellent viscosity at high concentration, low temperature, and high pH; showed a superior emulsifying capacity of tested vegetable oils than that of hydrocarbons; and owned the maximal flocculating activity (10.74 ± 0.23) and flocculating rate (93.46 ± 0.07%) in the suspended solid of activated carbon. In addition, the dextran could coagulate sucrose-supplemented milk and implied potential probiotics . Together, these results collectively describe a valuable dextran with unique characteristics for exploitation in food applications.
PubMed: 36819025
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1108120 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Aug 2021A released exopolysaccharide (rEPS)-producing strain (LM187) with good acid resistance, bile salt resistance, and cholesterol-lowering properties was isolated from...
A released exopolysaccharide (rEPS)-producing strain (LM187) with good acid resistance, bile salt resistance, and cholesterol-lowering properties was isolated from Sichuan paocai and identified as subsp. mesenteroides. The purified rEPS, designated as rEPS414, had a uniform molecular weight of 7.757 × 10 Da. Analysis of the monosaccharide composition revealed that the molecule was mainly composed of glucose. The Fourier transform-infrared spectrum showed that rEPS414 contained both α-type and β-type glycosidic bonds. H and C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra analysis showed that the purified rEPS contained arabinose, galactose, and rhamnose, but less uronic acid. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the exopolysaccharide displayed a large number of scattered, fluffy, porous cellular network flake structures. In addition, rEPS414 exhibited strong in vitro antioxidant activity. These results showed that strain LM187 and its rEPS are promising probiotics with broad prospects in industry.
Topics: Antioxidants; Fermented Foods; Leuconostoc; Molecular Weight; Monosaccharides; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Probiotics
PubMed: 34226411
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2103.03055 -
Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2022Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) occur widely in natural products made by bacteria, fungi and algae. Some EPSs have intriguing biological properties such as anticancer and...
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) occur widely in natural products made by bacteria, fungi and algae. Some EPSs have intriguing biological properties such as anticancer and immunomodulatory activities. Our group has recently found that EPSs generated from Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroides strain NTM048 (NTM048 EPS) enhanced a production of mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) of mouse. Herein, we described the synthesis and evaluation of the tetrasaccharide fragments of NTM048 EPS to obtain information about the molecular mechanism responsible for the IgA-inducing activity.
Topics: Biological Products; Carbohydrate Conformation; Leuconostoc; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 35110436
DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00919 -
Scientific Reports May 2020Type 1 diabetic patients have lower counts of butyric acid-producing bacteria in the dysbiotic gut microbiome. In this study, we demonstrate that a butyric...
Type 1 diabetic patients have lower counts of butyric acid-producing bacteria in the dysbiotic gut microbiome. In this study, we demonstrate that a butyric acid-producing Leuconostoc mesenteroides (L. mesenteroides) EH-1 strain isolated from Mongolian curd cheese can reduce blood glucose and IL-6 in the type 1 diabetic mouse model. L. mesenteroides EH-1 fermentation yielded high concentrations of butyric acid both in vitro and in vivo. Butyric acid or L. mesenteroides EH-1 increased the amounts of insulin in Min6 cell culture and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Inhibition or siRNA knockdown of free fatty acid receptor 2 (Ffar2) considerably reduced the anti-diabetic effect of probiotic L. mesenteroides EH-1 or butyric acid by lowering the level of blood glucose. We here demonstrate that Ffar2 mediated the effects of L. mesenteroides EH-1 and butryic acid on regulation of blood glucose and insulin in type 1 diabetic mice.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Butyric Acid; Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Disease Models, Animal; Fermentation; Food Microbiology; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Insulin; Leuconostoc mesenteroides; Mice; Probiotics; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
PubMed: 32404878
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64916-2