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World Journal of Microbiology &... May 2024Globally colorectal cancer ranks as the third most widespread disease and the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality. Immunotherapy treatments like PD-L1...
Globally colorectal cancer ranks as the third most widespread disease and the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality. Immunotherapy treatments like PD-L1 blockade have been used to inhibit the PD-L1 legend, which boosts the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Recently, studies suggest that some probiotics could potentially enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy treatments for cancer patients. We found that in Caco-2 and HT-29 cells, the live Leuconostoc mesenteroides treatment resulted an increase in the PD-L1 expression and this treatment stimulated interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production in Jurkat T-cells. Due to the well-established ability of IFN-γ to enhance PD-L1 expression, the combination of IFN-γ and L. mesenteroides was used in colon cancer cell lines and a resulting remarkable increase of over tenfold in PD-L1 expression was obtained. Interestingly, when L. mesenteroides and IFN-γ are present, the blockage of PD-L1 using PD-L1 antibodies not only improved the viability of Jurkat T-cells but also significantly boosted the levels of IFN-γ and IL-2, the T-cells activation marker cytokines. In addition to upregulating PD-L1, L. mesenteroides also activated Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NODs) pathways, specifically through TLR2 and NOD2, while also exerting a suppressive effect on autophagy in colon cancer cell lines. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate a significant upregulation of PD-L1 expression in colon cancer cells upon co-culturing with L. mesenteroides. Moreover, the presence of PD-L1 antibodies during co-culturing activates Jurkat T cells. The observed enhancement in PD-L1 expression may be attributed to the inhibition of the Autophagy pathway or activation of the hippo pathway. KEY POINTS: Co-culturing L. mesenteroides increases PD-L1 gene and protein transaction in colon cancer. L. mesenteroides existing enhances T cells viability and activity. GPCR41/42 is a possible link between L. mesenteroides, YAP-1 and PD-L1.
Topics: Humans; B7-H1 Antigen; Interferon-gamma; Colonic Neoplasms; HT29 Cells; Jurkat Cells; Up-Regulation; Caco-2 Cells; Leuconostoc mesenteroides; Interleukin-2; Lymphocyte Activation; T-Lymphocytes; Probiotics; Cell Line, Tumor; Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; Toll-Like Receptor 2
PubMed: 38755413
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04018-7 -
Polymers Mar 2024A strain of HDE-8 was isolated from homemade longan fermentation broth. The exopolysaccharide (EPS) yield of the strain was 25.1 g/L. The EPS was isolated and purified,...
A strain of HDE-8 was isolated from homemade longan fermentation broth. The exopolysaccharide (EPS) yield of the strain was 25.1 g/L. The EPS was isolated and purified, and the structure was characterized using various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The monosaccharide composition of the EPS was glucose, with a molecular weight (Mw) of 1.7 × 10 Da. NMR spectroscopy revealed that the composition of the HDE-8 EPS consisted of -glucose pyranose linked by α-(1→4) and α-(1→6) bonds. The SEM analysis of the EPS showed an irregular sheet-like structure. Physicochemical analysis demonstrated that EPSs exhibit excellent thermal stability and high viscosity, making them suitable for fermentation in heat-processed and acidic foods. Additionally, milk coagulation tests showed that the presence of EPSs promotes milk coagulation when supplemented with sucrose. It suggests that EPSs have wide-ranging potential applications as food additives, improving the texture and taste of dairy products. This study provides practical guidance for the commercial use of HDE-8 EPSs in the food and related industries.
PubMed: 38611212
DOI: 10.3390/polym16070954 -
Insects Mar 2024Microsporidiosis, which is caused by the pathogen , is a prevalent disease in the honey bee () and might lead to significant adult honey bee mortality. In this study, we...
Microsporidiosis, which is caused by the pathogen , is a prevalent disease in the honey bee () and might lead to significant adult honey bee mortality. In this study, we conducted an annual survey of the mature spore load of in the guts of nurse bees and forager bees in the apiary of National Chung Hsing University (NCHU) in Taiwan. The results indicated that, on average, honey bees hosted approximately 2.13 × 10 mature spore counts (MSCs)/bee in their guts throughout the entire year. The highest number of MSCs was 6.28 × 10 MSCs/bee, which occurred in April 2020, and the lowest number of MSCs was 5.08 × 10 MSCs/bee, which occurred in November 2020. Furthermore, the guts of forager bees had significantly higher (>58%) MSCs than those of nurse bees. To evaluate the potential of the probiotic to treat microsporidiosis, the lactic acid bacterium TBE-8 was applied to honey bee colonies. A significant reduction (>53%) in MSCs following probiotic treatment was observed, indicating the potential of probiotic treatment for managing microsporidiosis. This research provided information on MSCs in the honey bee gut at NCHU in Taiwan and the MSCs' correlation with the annual season. Furthermore, a potential probiotic treatment for microsporidiosis was assessed for future management.
PubMed: 38535399
DOI: 10.3390/insects15030204 -
World Journal of Microbiology &... Mar 2024Campylobacter and Salmonella are the two most prominent foodborne zoonotic pathogens reported in the European Union. As poultry is one of the major sources of these...
Campylobacter and Salmonella are the two most prominent foodborne zoonotic pathogens reported in the European Union. As poultry is one of the major sources of these pathogens, it is imperative to mitigate the colonization of these pathogens in poultry. Many strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have demonstrated anti-Salmonella and anti-Campylobacter characteristics to varying degrees and spectrums which are attributed to the production of various metabolites. However, the production of these compounds and consequent antimicrobial properties are highly strain dependent. Therefore, the current study was performed to select a potent LAB and determine its causal attribute in inhibiting Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter jejuni, in-vitro. Six LAB (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP), Lacticaseibacillus casei (LC), Limosilactobacillus reuteri (LR), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (LRh), Leuconostoc mesenteroides (LM) and Pediococcus pentosaceus (PP)) and three serovars of Salmonella enterica (Typhimurium, Enterica and Braenderup) and Campylobacter jejuni were used in the current study. Spot overlays, well diffusion, co-culture and co-aggregation assays against Salmonella and well diffusion assays against Campylobacter jejuni were performed. Organic acid profiling of culture supernatants was performed using HPLC. The results indicated that LRh, LM and PP had the most significant anti-Salmonella effects while LP, LC, LM and PP displayed the most significant anti-Campylobacter effects. Lactic acid and formic acid detected in the culture supernatants seem the most likely source of the anti-Salmonella and anti-Campylobacter effects exhibited by these LAB. In conclusion, Leuconostoc mesenteroides displayed the most significant overall anti-pathogenic effects when compared to the other LAB strains studied, indicating its potential application in-vivo.
Topics: Animals; Campylobacter jejuni; Chickens; Salmonella enterica; Lactobacillales; Campylobacter; Salmonella; Campylobacter Infections; Lactobacillus plantarum; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 38480610
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03946-8 -
World Journal of Microbiology &... Feb 2024Six lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Algerian sheep's milk, traditional butter, date palm sap and barley, which produce dextran, mannitol, oligosaccharides and...
Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Liquorilactobacillus mali strains, isolated from Algerian food products, are producers of the postbiotic compounds dextran, oligosaccharides and mannitol.
Six lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Algerian sheep's milk, traditional butter, date palm sap and barley, which produce dextran, mannitol, oligosaccharides and vitamin B have been characterized. They were identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides (A4X, Z36P, B12 and O9) and Liquorilactobacillus mali (BR201 and FR123). Their exopolysaccharides synthesized from sucrose by dextransucrase (Dsr) were characterized as dextrans with (1,6)-D-glucopyranose units in the main backbone and branched at positions O-4, O-2 and/or O-3, with D-glucopyranose units in the side chain. A4X was the best dextran producer (4.5 g/L), while the other strains synthesized 2.1-2.7 g/L. Zymograms revealed that L. mali strains have a single Dsr with a molecular weight (Mw) of ~ 145 kDa, while the Lc. mesenteroides possess one or two enzymes with 170-211 kDa Mw. As far as we know, this is the first detection of L. mali Dsr. Analysis of metabolic fluxes from sucrose revealed that the six LAB produced mannitol (~ 12 g/L). The co-addition of maltose-sucrose resulted in the production of panose (up to 37.53 mM), an oligosaccharide known for its prebiotic effect. A4X, Z36P and B12 showed dextranase hydrolytic enzymatic activity and were able to produce another trisaccharide, maltotriose, which is the first instance of a dextranase activity encoded by Lc. mesenteroides strains. Furthermore, B12 and O9 grew in the absence of riboflavin (vitamin B) and synthesized this vitamin, in a defined medium at the level of ~ 220 μg/L. Therefore, these LAB, especially Lc. mesenteroides B12, are good candidates for the development of new fermented food biofortified with functional compounds.
Topics: Animals; Sheep; Leuconostoc mesenteroides; Dextrans; Dextranase; Mannitol; Mali; Glucosyltransferases; Oligosaccharides; Sucrose; Vitamins; Leuconostoc
PubMed: 38418710
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03913-3 -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Apr 2024Colostrum is known for its nutraceutical qualities, probiotic attributes, and health benefits. The aim of this study was to profile colostrum microbiome from bovine in...
Colostrum is known for its nutraceutical qualities, probiotic attributes, and health benefits. The aim of this study was to profile colostrum microbiome from bovine in rural sites of a developing country. The focus was on microbiological safety assessments and antimicrobial resistance, taking into account the risks linked with the consumption of raw colostrum. Shotgun sequencing was employed to analyze microbiome in raw buffalo and cow colostrum. Alpha and beta diversity analyses revealed increased inter and intra-variability within colostrum samples' microbiome from both livestock species. The colostrum microbiome was mainly comprised of bacteria, with over 90% abundance, whereas fungi and viruses were found in minor abundance. Known probiotic species, such as , , , and , were found in the colostrum samples. A relatively higher number of pathogenic and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria were identified in colostrum from both animals, including clinically significant bacteria like , , , and . Binning retrieved 11 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), with three MAGs potentially representing novel species from the genera and . Notably, 175 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and variants were detected, with 55 of them common to both buffalo and cow colostrum metagenomes. These ARGs confer resistance against aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, sulfonamide, and peptide antibiotics. In conclusion, this study describes a thorough overview of microbial communities in buffalo and cow colostrum samples. It emphasizes the importance of hygienic processing and pasteurization in minimizing the potential transmission of harmful microorganisms linked to the consumption of colostrum.
PubMed: 38404539
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103957 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2024is a naturally fermented meat sausage traditionally made in the Portuguese region of . Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the dominant microorganisms in and can endow it...
is a naturally fermented meat sausage traditionally made in the Portuguese region of . Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the dominant microorganisms in and can endow it with various technological properties. This study aimed (1) to characterize technological features and in vitro antimicrobial activity of LAB isolated from , and (2) to reveal associations between such phenotypic characteristics and the isolates species identified through amplification and sequencing of the 16S ribosomal gene. Sixty-two LAB isolates were identified and corresponded to 32.3% of isolates, followed by (19.4%) and (17.7%), aligning with previous research on traditional Portuguese fermented meat sausages. The phenotypic analysis of LAB isolates indicated diverse acidification capacities, proteolytic activities, and inhibitory effects against foodborne pathogens , Typhimurium and . Overall, lactobacilli displayed high inhibition activity against the pathogens , , and Typhimurium. Although the mechanisms for the inhibition of pathogen growth need to be further elucidated, these findings enhance our understanding of LAB diversity and functionality in sausages, contributing to product safety and quality.
PubMed: 38397575
DOI: 10.3390/foods13040598 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2024This study aimed to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from a traditional Ethiopian fermented product, , and evaluate their functional properties. Of forty-three...
This study aimed to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from a traditional Ethiopian fermented product, , and evaluate their functional properties. Of forty-three isolates, seven LAB were screened and identified as , , , and species. The isolates were tested for their alcohol tolerance, acid and bile resistance, auto-aggregation, co-aggregation, hydrophobicity, antibacterial activity, and antibiotic susceptibility. LAB isolates, specifically TAA01, TDB22, and TDM41, showed a higher degree of alcohol tolerance in 8% and 10% (/) ethanol concentrations. Additionally, these three isolates displayed survival rates >85% in both acidic pH and bile environments. Among the isolates, TDM41 demonstrated the highest auto-aggregation, co-aggregation, and hydrophobicity with (44.9 ± 1.7)%, (41.4 ± 0.2)%, and (52.1 ± 0.1)% values, respectively. The cell-free supernatant of the isolates exhibited antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens of , Enteritidis, and Each isolate exhibited various levels of resistance and susceptibility to seven antibiotics and resistance was observed against four of the antibiotics tested. After performing a principal component analysis, TAA01, TDB22, and TDM41 were selected as the most promising ethanol-tolerant probiotic isolates.
PubMed: 38397552
DOI: 10.3390/foods13040575 -
Poultry Science Apr 2024Probiotics and phytobiotics have demonstrated effective improvement of gut health in broiler chickens when individually administered in-ovo. However, their combined use...
Probiotics and phytobiotics have demonstrated effective improvement of gut health in broiler chickens when individually administered in-ovo. However, their combined use in-ovo, has not been studied to date. We coined the term "prophybiotic" (probiotic + phytobiotic) for such a combination. The current study therefore, aimed to elucidate the effects of combined use of a selected probiotic and a phytobiotic in-ovo, on broiler gut health and production parameters, as opposed to use of probiotics alone. ROSS 308 hatching eggs were injected with either Leuconostoc mesenteroides (probiotic: PB) or L. mesenteroides with garlic aqueous extract (prophyiotic: PPB) on the 12th day of incubation. Relative abundances of bacteria in feces and cecal content (qPCR), immune related gene expression in cecal mucosa (qPCR) and histomorphology of cecal tissue (PAS staining) were analyzed along with production parameters (hatch quality, body weight, feed efficiency and slaughter and meat quality). PPB treatment increased the abundance of faecalibacteria and bifidobacteria in feces (d 7) and Akkermansia sp. in cecal content. Moreover, it decreased Escherichia coli abundance in both feces (d 34) and cecal content. PB treatment only increased the faecalibacteria in feces (d 7) and Akkermansia sp. in the cecal content. Moreover, PPB treatment resulted in up-regulation of immune related genes (Avian beta defensing 1, Free fatty acid receptor 2 and Mucin 6) and increased the crypt depth in ceca whereas PB treatment demonstrated a higher crypt depth and a tendency to increase Mucin 6 gene expression. Both treatments did not impair the production parameters studied. In conclusion, our results suggest that in-ovo PPB treatment may have enhanced potential in boosting the immune system without compromising broiler production and efficiency, as compared to the use of probiotic alone. Our study, highlights the potential of carefully selected PPB combinations for better results in improving gut health of broiler chickens.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Mucin-6; Ovum; Probiotics; Antioxidants; Escherichia coli
PubMed: 38367472
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103512