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Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2012The incidence of arthritis is increasing every year, as does the need for pain medication. The current work reviews an American Indian liniment that is traditionally...
The incidence of arthritis is increasing every year, as does the need for pain medication. The current work reviews an American Indian liniment that is traditionally used for pain therapy. The chemistry, therapeutic use and safety of the liniment are reviewed. The liniment contains monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids and other compounds.
PubMed: 24281255
DOI: 10.3390/ph5101045 -
Acta Medica Academica May 2018Confirmation of knowledge of neonatal intertrigo in ancient Greek and Byzantine medicine.
OBJECTIVE
Confirmation of knowledge of neonatal intertrigo in ancient Greek and Byzantine medicine.
METHOD
A search of Thesaurus Linguae Graecae was conducted with the following terms as key words, "syggama", "xyggauma", "paratrimma" and "ektrimma".
RESULTS
Ancient Greek medico-philosophers introduced therapeutic measures based upon herbs and minerals, while a similar therapeutic approach was also used by the Byzantines. Hippocrates of Kos (460-377) was among the first to introduce written instructions, also proposing preventive treatment with palliative and aromatic herbs. Cataplasms, thalassotherapy, and fumigation were used, combined with hygienic measures in the affected area. Chalk powder was also prescribed to absorb moisture.
CONCLUSION
The main principles in the treatment of intertrigo remain the same, celebrating the ancient Greeks' methodology and rationalism.
Topics: Byzantium; Climatotherapy; Complementary Therapies; Fumigation; Greece, Ancient; History, Ancient; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Intertrigo; Liniments; Phytotherapy
PubMed: 29957980
DOI: 10.5644/ama2006-124.223 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024Cod liver oil has anti-inflammatory properties and could help regulate recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). An orthogonal experiment was used to evaluate and improve...
Cod liver oil has anti-inflammatory properties and could help regulate recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). An orthogonal experiment was used to evaluate and improve the dosage form of compound cod liver oil, which has replaced the previously used liniment preparation based on film method. An orthogonal experiment was adopted, and the appearance and film-forming time of the film coating agents were used as indicators. The optimal ratio in the preparation process for the compound cod liver oil film agent was then optimized. A method for determination of compound cod liver oil film was established using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results indicate that the blank films prepared using 55 mg polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVA low), 45 mg of PVA (PVA medium), and 10 mg glycerol had the optimal performance, which was defined as PVAa. The drug-carrying film prepared from 3 mL PVAa (i.e., film-forming material with the optimal proportion), 30 mg dexamethasone acetate, and 30 mg metronidazole had the optimal performance. The verified sample has a complete and smooth appearance, uniform thickness and color, and no evident bubbles, which meets the requirements for a film agent defined in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, 2020 edition. HPLC was used to determine the major components: dexamethasone acetate, metronidazole, and dyclonine hydrochloride, and the optimal separation effect was obtained. The method has advantages of good specificity, good linear results, high recovery rate, and good repeatability. This study proposes an optimized compound cod liver oil film former agent and preparation method. The results indicate that the compound cod liver oil film former agent had good performance, reflecting the high feasibility of this research method. The detection method of compound cod liver oil film was established by HPLC. The method was feasible, and the validity and stability of the formulation and preparation technology were guaranteed. The role of the newly developed agent in patients with RAS should be investigated further.
PubMed: 38495097
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1296448 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Jun 2018Cooling or the application of mentholated liniments to the skin has been used to treat itch for centuries, yet remarkably little is known about how counter-stimuli such...
Cooling or the application of mentholated liniments to the skin has been used to treat itch for centuries, yet remarkably little is known about how counter-stimuli such as these induce itch relief. Indeed, there is no clear consensus in the scientific literature as to whether or not cooling does in fact block the transduction of itch signals or if it is simply a placebo effect. This gap in our understanding led us to hypothesize that cooling is antipruritic and, like cooling analgesia, requires function of the cold-gated ion channel TRPM8, a receptor for menthol expressed on peripheral afferent nerve endings. Using a combination of pharmacologic, genetic, and mouse behavioral assays, we find that cooling inhibits both histaminergic and non-histaminergic itch pathways, and that inhibition of itch by cooling requires TRPM8 channels or intact and functional TRPM8-expressing afferent neurons. The cold mimetic menthol is also effective in ameliorating itch in a TRPM8-dependent manner. Moreover, we find that chronic itch can be ameliorated by cooling, demonstrating that this counter-stimulus activates a specific neural circuit that leads to broad itch relief and a potential cellular mechanism for treatment of chronic itch.
Topics: Animals; Antipruritics; Behavior, Animal; Capsaicin; Chloroquine; Chronic Disease; Cryotherapy; Disease Models, Animal; Histamine; Humans; Menthol; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Pruritus; Sensory Receptor Cells; Skin; TRPM Cation Channels; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29288650
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.12.025 -
Hall's Journal of Health Jun 1886
PubMed: 36491655
DOI: No ID Found -
Phellodendrine promotes autophagy by regulating the AMPK/mTOR pathway and treats ulcerative colitis.Journal of Cellular and Molecular... Jun 2021To investigate the therapeutic effects of phellodendrine in ulcerative colitis (UC) through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Volunteers were recruited to observe the therapeutic...
To investigate the therapeutic effects of phellodendrine in ulcerative colitis (UC) through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Volunteers were recruited to observe the therapeutic effects of Compound Cortex Phellodendri Liquid (Huangbai liniment). The main components of Compound Cortex Phellodendri Liquid were analysed via network pharmacology. The target of phellodendrine was further analysed. Caco-2 cells were cultured, and H O was used to stimulate in vitro cell model. Expression levels of LC3, AMPK, p-AMPK, mTOR and p-mTOR were detected via Western blotting and through immunofluorescence experiments. The therapeutic effects of phellodendrine were analysed via expression spectrum chip sequencing. The sequencing of intestinal flora further elucidated the therapeutic effects of phellodendrine. Compared with the control group, Compound Cortex Phellodendri Liquid could substantially improve the healing of intestinal mucosa. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that phellodendrine is the main component of Compound Cortex Phellodendri Liquid. Moreover, this alkaloid targets the AMPK signalling pathway. Results of animal experiments showed that phellodendrine could reduce the intestinal damage of UC compared with the model group. Findings of cell experiments indicated that phellodendrine treatment could activate the p-AMPK /mTOR signalling pathway, as well as autophagy. Expression spectrum chip sequencing showed that treatment with phellodendrine could promote mucosal healing and reduce inflammatory responses. Results of intestinal flora detection demonstrated that treatment with phellodendrine could increase the abundance of flora and the content of beneficial bacteria. Phellodendrine may promote autophagy by regulating the AMPK-mTOR signalling pathway, thereby reducing intestinal injury due to UC.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Adult; Animals; Autophagy; Case-Control Studies; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Quinolizines; Signal Transduction; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Mice
PubMed: 34002930
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16587 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Apr 2022Patient safety errors can arise due to similarity in packaging of medications. We aimed to describe the clinical features of patients presenting with accidental...
PURPOSE
Patient safety errors can arise due to similarity in packaging of medications. We aimed to describe the clinical features of patients presenting with accidental application of joint pain liniments and gum lotion in the eye due to confusion arising from similarity in packaging.
METHODS
This was a retrospective case series with eight consecutive patients presenting from December 2020 to August 2021 with history of accidental application of joint pain liniments or gum lotion in the eye instead of eye drops. All patients underwent visual acuity assessment and slit-lamp examination with fluorescein staining of the cornea to look for corneal involvement and was reassessed till complete resolution.
RESULTS
Of the eight patients, three were males and five were females. Seven had accidentally applied joint pain liniment, while one had applied gum lotion into the eye. Five of them had corneal involvement ranging from punctate erosions to near-total epithelial defects. Two patients needed referral to a tertiary center and hospital admission. Treatment duration ranged from 2 days to 1 month. Two patients were lost to follow-up.
CONCLUSION
This study highlights patient safety errors arising from confusion of medication due to similar labeling and packaging of different drugs. While there was no permanent morbidity, such confusions lead to needless discomfort and waste of time, money, and effort for the patient as well as the health-care system.
Topics: Arthralgia; Drug Packaging; Female; Humans; Liniments; Male; Medication Errors; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35326006
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_2328_21 -
Atlanta Medical and Surgical Journal Jan 1872
PubMed: 35827028
DOI: No ID Found -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2020, an endemic plant of Morocco, is traditionally used as a liniment or a drink to treat various diseases. However, there are few available scientific data regarding its...
, an endemic plant of Morocco, is traditionally used as a liniment or a drink to treat various diseases. However, there are few available scientific data regarding its biological effects. In this connection, the present study aimed to investigate the hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of aqueous extract and polyphenol fraction of in Syrian golden hamsters treated with Triton WR-1339 (triton, 20 mg/100 g body weight). The hamsters orally received the extracts (400 mg/kg), and blood samples were collected after 24 h of treatment to determine plasma lipid, insulin, and fasting blood glucose levels. Plasma malondialdehyde level and plasma total antioxidant (TAS) were also evaluated. The extracts significantly decreased triglycerides, total cholesterol, VLDL-C, and LDL-C and increased HDL-C when compared with the hyperlipidemic group. Both extracts suppressed the effect of the triton injection on TAS and reduced the level of plasma malondialdehyde. The extracts produced no significant change in the blood glucose level but effectively prevented the mild hyperinsulinemia induced by triton. These findings suggest that may be a useful alternative treatment for the control of hyperlipidemia and its related diseases.
PubMed: 32308705
DOI: 10.1155/2020/3282596 -
Journal of Family & Community Medicine Jan 1994The history of the development of knowledge about Guillain-Barré-Syndrome (GBS) is reviewed. The clinical profile, including characteristic CSF findings, were...
The history of the development of knowledge about Guillain-Barré-Syndrome (GBS) is reviewed. The clinical profile, including characteristic CSF findings, were established by Laundry in 1859 and Barre in 1916. Pathologic features of GBS were defined ill three landmark papers by Haymarker and Kernohan in 1949, Waksman and Adams in 1955, and Asbury, Arnason and Adams in 1969. Although GRS is considered to be an immune-mediated disorder, the exact immune mechanism(s) leading to demyelination is riot yet well established bill probably involves both cellular and humoral responses. Treatment modalities have progressed from massages and volatile liniments used by Landry to anticipatory and supportive care, plasma exchange, and intravenous immunoglobulin. Outcome continues to be generally favorable as originally emphasized. Clinical and electrophysiologic predictors of unfavorable outcome have been identified.
PubMed: 23008532
DOI: No ID Found