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The Buffalo Medical Journal and Monthly... Jan 1853
PubMed: 35375467
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Neuroscience : the... Sep 2005Camphor is a naturally occurring compound that is used as a major active ingredient of balms and liniments supplied as topical analgesics. Despite its long history of...
Camphor is a naturally occurring compound that is used as a major active ingredient of balms and liniments supplied as topical analgesics. Despite its long history of common medical use, the underlying molecular mechanism of camphor action is not understood. Capsaicin and menthol, two other topically applied agents widely used for similar purposes, are known to excite and desensitize sensory nerves by acting on two members of transient receptor potential (TRP) channel superfamily: heat-sensitive TRP vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) and cold-sensitive TRP channel M8, respectively. Camphor has recently been shown to activate TRPV3, and here we show that camphor also activates heterologously expressed TRPV1, requiring higher concentrations than capsaicin. Activation was enhanced by phospholipase C-coupled receptor stimulation mimicking inflamed conditions. Similar camphor-activated TRPV1-like currents were observed in isolated rat DRG neurons and were strongly potentiated after activation of protein kinase C with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate. Camphor activation of rat TRPV1 was mediated by distinct channel regions from capsaicin, as indicated by camphor activation in the presence of the competitive inhibitor capsazepine and in a capsaicin-insensitive point mutant. Camphor did not activate the capsaicin-insensitive chicken TRPV1. TRPV1 desensitization is believed to contribute to the analgesic actions of capsaicin. We found that, although camphor activates TRPV1 less effectively, camphor application desensitized TRPV1 more rapidly and completely than capsaicin. Conversely, TRPV3 current sensitized after repeated camphor applications, which is inconsistent with the analgesic role of camphor. We also found that camphor inhibited several other related TRP channels, including ankyrin-repeat TRP 1 (TRPA1). The camphor-induced desensitization of TRPV1 and block of TRPA1 may underlie the analgesic effects of camphor.
Topics: Animals; Ankyrins; Calcium Channels; Camphor; Capsaicin; Cell Line; Drug Synergism; Electric Conductivity; Electrophysiology; Ganglia, Spinal; Hot Temperature; Humans; Ion Channels; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; TRPA1 Cation Channel; TRPC Cation Channels; TRPV Cation Channels; Tachyphylaxis; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate
PubMed: 16192383
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2574-05.2005 -
The Indian Medical Gazette Aug 1884
PubMed: 28999133
DOI: No ID Found -
Atlanta Medical and Surgical Journal Jan 1881
PubMed: 35981152
DOI: No ID Found -
Anesthesiology May 2015
Topics: Ethers; History, 19th Century; Humans; Liniments; Sulfur Compounds
PubMed: 25985021
DOI: 10.1097/01.anes.0000462883.97534.32 -
Glasgow Medical Journal Jan 1859
PubMed: 30432283
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Nov 1876
PubMed: 20748368
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.830.678 -
The Medico-chirurgical Review Jan 1831
PubMed: 29919830
DOI: No ID Found -
The American Journal of Dental Science Oct 1860
PubMed: 30752751
DOI: No ID Found -
Hinyokika Kiyo. Acta Urologica Japonica Jan 1989A new peplomycin (PEP) preparation was employed as an emulsion form in hydroxypropylcellulosum (HPC), which is familiar to have a liniment effect with a strong affinity...
[A new clinical trial in intravesical chemotherapy with instillation of peplomycin preparation as an emulsion in hydroxypropylcellulosum--preliminary study of patients with bladder tumor].
A new peplomycin (PEP) preparation was employed as an emulsion form in hydroxypropylcellulosum (HPC), which is familiar to have a liniment effect with a strong affinity to mucosa of the organ, in the management of 6 patients with bladder tumors. This emuled PEP in HPC (HPC-PEP) was instillated and thereafter, maintained for at least 2 hours at the frequency of once a week. All 6 patients had histopathologically confirmed T1 or T2 transitional cell carcinoma on biopsied specimen. The histological grading of the tumors were divided to 2 in G1, 3 in G2, and 1 in G3 of transitional cell carcinoma. The instillated agent was prepared from the mixture of 15 ml of 6% HPC and 90 mg PEP in 15 ml saline prior to use. A response to this treatment was evaluated primarily by cystoscopic findings and urine cytology 7 days after the instillation. In the present study, the beneficial effects of this treatment were briefly segregated into 4 categories as follows: excellent, good, fair and no responses were referred respectively to as complete eradication of visible tumor with negative urine cytology, a complete disappearance of the primary tumor with a persistent positive cytology, regression of the tumor size and no change of the primary tumor with sustained positive cytology. According to this estimation, 6 patients were categorized to 1 in excellent, 2 in good, 2 in fair and 1 in no responses to this new therapeutic preparation. Furthermore, urinary and serum levels of PEP were determined daily for 7 days after the instillation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Topics: Administration, Intravesical; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bleomycin; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Cellulose; Emulsions; Female; Humans; Male; Peplomycin; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 2471398
DOI: No ID Found