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Medicina 2020
Topics: Humans; Hypothyroidism; Lithium; Thyroid Function Tests
PubMed: 32442957
DOI: No ID Found -
Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology &... Jun 2023Data on the ability of anticonvulsants and lithium to enter fetal and newborn circulation has become increasingly available; here we estimated penetration ratios in a...
OBJECTIVE
Data on the ability of anticonvulsants and lithium to enter fetal and newborn circulation has become increasingly available; here we estimated penetration ratios in a series of matrices from combined samples of pregnant/breastfeeding women treated with anticonvulsants or lithium.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed/EMBASE for studies with concentrations of anticonvulsants/lithium from maternal blood, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood and/or breast milk. Penetration ratios were calculated by dividing the concentrations in amniotic fluid, umbilical cord plasma or breast milk by the maternal concentrations. When data from multiple studies were available, we calculated combined penetration ratios, weighting studies' mean by study size.
RESULTS
Ninety-one eligible studies for brivaracetam, carbamazepine, clonazepam, ethosuximide, gabapentin, lacosamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, lithium, oxcarbazepine, perampanel, phenobarbital, phenytoin, pregabalin, primidone, topiramate, valproate, vigabatrin and zonisamide were identified. For amniotic fluid, the highest penetration ratios were estimated for levetiracetam (mean 3.56, range 1.27-5.85, n = 2) and lowest for valproate (mean 0.11, range 0.02-1.02, n = 57). For umbilical cord plasma, oxcarbazepine had the highest ratio (mean 1.59, range 0.11-4.33, n = 12) with clonazepam having the lowest (mean 0.55, range 0.52-0.59, n = 2). For breast milk, the highest ratios were observed for oxcarbazepine (mean 3.75, range 0.5-7.0, n = 2), whereas the lowest were observed for valproate (mean 0.04, range 0.01-0.22, n = 121).
DISCUSSION
We observed substantial variability between anticonvulsants and lithium regarding their ability to enter fetal/newborn circulation. Assessing concentrations of anticonvulsants and lithium in maternal samples can provide a surrogate of fetal/infant exposure, although patterns of concentration-dependent effects for maternal/neonatal safety are lacking.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Amniotic Fluid; Anticonvulsants; Fetal Blood; Lithium; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Milk, Human
PubMed: 36805301
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110733 -
American Journal of Physiology. Renal... Dec 2016Lithium has been a valuable treatment for bipolar affective disorders for decades. Clinical use of lithium, however, has been problematic due to its narrow therapeutic... (Review)
Review
Lithium has been a valuable treatment for bipolar affective disorders for decades. Clinical use of lithium, however, has been problematic due to its narrow therapeutic index and concerns for its toxicity in various organ systems. Renal side effects associated with lithium include polyuria, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, proteinuria, distal renal tubular acidosis, and reduction in glomerular filtration rate. Histologically, chronic lithium nephrotoxicity is characterized by interstitial nephritis with microcyst formation and occasional focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Nevertheless, this type of toxicity is uncommon, with the strongest risk factors being high serum levels of lithium and longer time on lithium therapy. In contrast, in experimental models of acute kidney injury and glomerular disease, lithium has antiproteinuric, kidney protective, and reparative effects. This paradox may be partially explained by lower lithium doses and short duration of therapy. While long-term exposure to higher psychiatric doses of lithium may be nephrotoxic, short-term low dose of lithium may be beneficial and ameliorate kidney and podocyte injury. Mechanistically, lithium targets glycogen synthase kinase-3β, a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine protein kinase implicated in the processes of tissue injury, repair, and regeneration in multiple organ systems, including the kidney. Future studies are warranted to discover the exact "kidney-protective dose" of lithium and test the effects of low-dose lithium on acute and chronic kidney disease in humans.
Topics: Animals; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Lithium; Protective Agents; Psychotic Disorders
PubMed: 27122541
DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00145.2016 -
Biological Trace Element Research May 2019Lithium compounds have been widely used in psychopharmacology, particularly in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Their normothymic and neuroprotective properties when... (Review)
Review
Lithium compounds have been widely used in psychopharmacology, particularly in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Their normothymic and neuroprotective properties when used at high doses have been well established. However, a number of observations suggest that environmentally relevant lithium doses may also exert beneficial health effects, leading to a decrease in the rate of suicides and levels of violence. Despite the fact that this element is not officially considered to be a micronutrient, some authors have suggested provisional recommended intakes set at 1000 μg/day for a 70-kg adult (14.3 μg/kg body weight). The present paper reviews the biological action of lithium, its bioavailability and metabolism, and content in different foodstuffs and water. It also assesses epidemiological data on potential correlations between lithium intake and suicide rate as well as examines the concept of fortifying food with this element as a strategy in the primary prevention of mood disorders and pre-suicidal syndrome.
Topics: Food, Fortified; Humans; Lithium; Micronutrients; Mood Disorders; Suicide Prevention
PubMed: 30066063
DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1455-2 -
Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki 2018Lithium mechanisms of action are related to the function of many enzymes, hormones, vitamins, and growth factors. In humans, lithium treatment has been associated with... (Review)
Review
Lithium mechanisms of action are related to the function of many enzymes, hormones, vitamins, and growth factors. In humans, lithium treatment has been associated with humoral and structural evidence of neuroprotection, such as increased expression of antiapoptotic genes, inhibition of cellular oxidative stress, synthesis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, cortical thickening, increased grey matter density, and hippocampal enlargement. Lithium, in pharmacological doses, has been used successfully in treating bipolar disorders, and has been shown to decrease suicidality and violent crime in this situation. The guidelines of major psychiatric association name lithium as a first-line therapy for bipolar disorder. From the other hand, impulsivity is a core feature of bipolar disorder. Increased levels of this dimensional trait are present not only during acute phases of the illness but also during euthymia. Increased impulsivity worsens clinical prognosis of bipolar disorder due to its association with several severity indices, such as substance abuse or dependence, suicidal behavior, and poorer functional outcome. A wide range of intracellular responses may be secondary to the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β) by lithium, while genetic variability at GSK3β gene was found to be associated with increased impulsivity in bipolar patients. Although impulsivity has been traditionally linked to dysregulation of serotonergic and dopaminergic systems, some authors have proposed that lithium could reduce impulsivity levels by means of its capacity to regulate the aforementioned neurotransmitter systems. Moreover, lithium in trace amounts, as occurs in drinking water, has been inversely related to suicidal mortality, aggression and homicidal violence. These findings pose the question of whether the prospect of adding lithium to drinking water is realistic, weighing the benefits and potential risks. It seems also that in the competition for survival, those entities that best minimized lithium toxicity and maximized the benefits of lithium action had an edge in the competition to survive and reproduce. Finally, lithium has been reported to increase the volume of the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate gyrus. Evidence from both basic and clinical researches support that lithium may decrease impulsivity and may at least partially, exert its antisuicidal effect via reinforcing "top-down brakes" of impulsive action. Considering the research data, we may suggest that even natural lithium level intake can influence impulsivity, a possible core factor that mediate to the manifestation of both suicidality and aggressiveness, or even criminality. Moreover, we may suggest that a lithium deficiency state may precipitate these situations.
Topics: Antimanic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Lithium; Lithium Compounds; Suicidal Ideation; Violence
PubMed: 30605431
DOI: 10.22365/jpsych.2018.293.264 -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Jan 1983Some of lithium's effects on blood cell formation suggest that the element may be of value in treating hematologic disorders. Lithium enhances granulopoiesis and thereby... (Review)
Review
Some of lithium's effects on blood cell formation suggest that the element may be of value in treating hematologic disorders. Lithium enhances granulopoiesis and thereby induces neutrophilia. Two possible mechanisms of action are suggested: a direct action on the pluripotent stem cells, or an inhibition of the suppressor cells (thymus-dependent lymphocytes) that limit hematopoiesis. Lithium also inhibits erythropoiesis. Although most studies use concentrations at or above pharmacologic levels there is evidence that lithium plays a role in normal cell metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Erythrocytes; Granulocytes; Hematologic Diseases; Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Lithium
PubMed: 6336655
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of Agricultural and... Mar 2022Selenium belongs to essential microelements and is used in agriculture. Lithium is used in medicine and the possibility of its exposure by environmental pollution has...
INTRODUCTION
Selenium belongs to essential microelements and is used in agriculture. Lithium is used in medicine and the possibility of its exposure by environmental pollution has been reported. Both elements have been found to be connected with amino acids metabolism.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to compare the effect of lithium and selenium on plasma amino acids in rats, and to evaluate the influence of selenium in organisms exposed to lithium.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The effect of selenium (0.5 mg/kg b.w., orally as NaSeO) and/or lithium (2.7 mg/kg b.w., orally as LiCO) given for 6 weeks on the plasma profile of selected amino acids in rats was studied. The concentrations of amino acids were determined using ion exchange chromatography with the aid of an amino acids analyzer AAA400.
RESULTS
A significant effect of lithium on plasma amino acids profile was found in rats, much greater than for selenium. Selenium treatment slightly increased Tau, Phe, Tyr, Ala, Trp, Ser and Gln, while Lys and Orn were enhanced in a significant way. In contrast, Li-treatment caused a well-marked increase in Phe, Orn, Ala, His, Trp, Asp and Gln, whereas all the others were only slightly increased. Co-treatment resulted in a significant increase in Orn and Trp, a slight enhancement of Phe, Lys and His, while the rest remained unchanged.
CONCLUSIONS
A significant effect of lithium alone on plasma amino acids profile in animals was demonstrated, with a much less influence of selenium alone. Co-treatment generally resulted in a slight or no effect. The slight selenium influence seems important regarding its agricultural application and the growing interest in its supplementation. Results concerning lithium could contribute to the research regarding the mechanism of Li action.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Lithium; Rats; Selenium
PubMed: 35352917
DOI: 10.26444/aaem/139213 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2022NMR is the method of choice for molecular and ionic structures and dynamics investigations. The present review is devoted to solvation and mobilities in solid... (Review)
Review
NMR is the method of choice for molecular and ionic structures and dynamics investigations. The present review is devoted to solvation and mobilities in solid electrolytes, such as ion-exchange membranes and composite materials, based on cesium acid sulfates and phosphates. The applications of high-resolution NMR, solid-state NMR, NMR relaxation, and pulsed field gradient H, Li, C, F, Na, P, and Cs NMR techniques are discussed. The main attention is paid to the transport channel morphology, ionic hydration, charge group and mobile ion interaction, and translation ions and solvent mobilities in different spatial scales. Self-diffusion coefficients of protons and Li, Na, and Cs cations are compared with the ionic conductivity data. The microscopic ionic transfer mechanism is discussed.
Topics: Cations; Electrolytes; Lithium; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Protons; Sodium
PubMed: 35563404
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095011 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2023Lithium has been considered a potential acaricidal agent against the honey bee (Apis mellifera) parasite Varroa. It is known that lithium suppresses elevated activity...
Lithium has been considered a potential acaricidal agent against the honey bee (Apis mellifera) parasite Varroa. It is known that lithium suppresses elevated activity and regulates circadian rhythms and light response when administered to humans as a primary therapeutic chemical for bipolar disorder and to other bipolar syndrome model organisms, given the crucial role of timing in the bee's foraging activity and the alternating sunlight vs dark colony environment bees are exposed, we explored the influence of lithium on locomotor activity (LMA) and circadian rhythm of honey bees. We conducted acute and chronic lithium administration experiments, altering light conditions and lithium doses to assess LMA and circadian rhythm changes. We fed bees one time 10 μl sucrose solution with 0, 50, 150, and 450 mM LiCl in the acute application experiment and 0, 1, 5, and 10 mmol/kg LiCl ad libitum in bee candy in the chronic application experiment. Both acute and chronic lithium treatments significantly decreased the induced LMA under constant light. Chronic lithium treatment disrupted circadian rhythmicity in constant darkness. The circadian period was lengthened by lithium treatment under constant light. We discuss the results in the context of Varroa control and lithium's effect on bipolar disorder.
Topics: Humans; Bees; Animals; Lithium; Circadian Rhythm; Locomotion; Bipolar Disorder; Varroidae; Lithium Compounds
PubMed: 37963948
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46777-7 -
Neuropsychopharmacology : Official... Apr 2018Lithium use for the treatment of mood disorders remains quite low, particularly in the United States compared with some European countries. Mogens Schou pioneered the... (Review)
Review
Lithium use for the treatment of mood disorders remains quite low, particularly in the United States compared with some European countries. Mogens Schou pioneered the study of lithium for prophylaxis of the recurrent mood disorder and encouraged its greater use. In an effort to further address the appropriate role of this drug, the multiple assets of lithium beyond its well-known antimanic effect are reviewed, and a brief summary of its side effects is outlined. It appears that lithium has positive effects in depression and suicide prevention, cognition, and reducing the incidence of dementia. It increases the length of telomeres and has positive effects in prevention of some medical illnesses. Lithium side-effect burden, especially its association with end-stage renal disease, may be less than many have surmised. New data indicate the importance of long-term prophylaxis after a first manic episode to lessen episode recurrence, allow cognition to recover to normal, and prevent various aspects of illness progression. After a first manic episode, 1 year of randomized treatment with lithium was superior to that of quetiapine, suggesting the importance of having lithium in the treatment regimen. Given the highly recurrent and progressive course of bipolar disorder sometimes even in the face of conventional treatment, the role and enhanced use of lithium deserves reconsideration.
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Cognition; Dementia; Depression; Humans; Lithium; Secondary Prevention; Telomere Homeostasis; United States; Suicide Prevention
PubMed: 28976944
DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.238