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International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2019Nowadays, mastitis is one of the biggest problems in breeding dairy cattle. Treatment of this disease with conventional antibiotics is ineffective because many pathogens...
Nowadays, mastitis is one of the biggest problems in breeding dairy cattle. Treatment of this disease with conventional antibiotics is ineffective because many pathogens are resistant. Researchers have therefore been forced to look for new solutions, and metal nanoparticles (NPs) have been found to be the most appropriate agents. This study uses commercially available silver (AgNPs) and copper (CuNPs) nanoparticles and synthetized silver-copper nanoparticles (AgCuNPs) to evaluate the effect of these NPs on human and bovine mammary cells. The effect of AgNPs, CuNPs, and AgCuNPs on pathogen species commonly involved in udder inflammation (e.g., and ) was also established. The results show that commercially available NPs were of good quality and did not have a toxic effect on mammary gland tissue. AgNPs, CuNPs, and AgCuNPs also influenced or decreased the viability of pathogens. Therefore, the presented data suggest that metal NPs could be used in mastitis prevention and treatment in the future. However, the presented preliminary results require further in vivo analysis.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Cattle; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Cell Survival; Copper; Epithelial Cells; Female; Fungi; Humans; Mastitis; Metal Nanoparticles; Oxidation-Reduction; Particle Size; Silver; Static Electricity
PubMed: 30987188
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071672 -
Revue Medicale de Liege Jul 2022The autologous fat injection technique, called lipofilling or lipomodeling, is used in both aesthetic and reconstruction procedures. Lipofilling is rarely accompanied by...
The autologous fat injection technique, called lipofilling or lipomodeling, is used in both aesthetic and reconstruction procedures. Lipofilling is rarely accompanied by complications. We report the case of a young female patient who had undergone breast lipofilling before and who developed significant recurrent but self-limiting inflammatory mastitis in the previously injected breast during two successive pregnancies. To our knowledge, no case of post-lipofilling inflammatory mastitis induced by pregnancy has been described to date. This case suggests an interaction between autologous fat injected into the breast and hormonal impregnation linked to pregnancy. This interaction would create a local environment conducive to the occurrence of an inflammatory reaction, according to a pathophysiological mechanism yet to be defined.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Mammaplasty; Mastitis; Pregnancy
PubMed: 35924505
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Dairy Science Oct 2015Acute mastitis in suckler ewes is often detected because of systemic signs such as anorexia or lameness, whereas chronic mastitis, characterized by intramammary...
Acute mastitis in suckler ewes is often detected because of systemic signs such as anorexia or lameness, whereas chronic mastitis, characterized by intramammary abscesses with no systemic disease, is typically detected when ewes are inspected before mating. The aims of the current study were to identify the species and strains of culturable bacteria associated with acutely diseased, chronically diseased, and unaffected mammary glands to investigate whether species and strains vary by state. To investigate acute mastitis, 28 milk samples were obtained from both glands of 14 ewes with acute mastitis in one gland only. To investigate chronic mastitis, 16 ovine udders were obtained from 2 abattoirs; milk was aspirated from the 32 glands where possible, and the udders were sectioned to expose intramammary abscesses, which were swab sampled. All milk and swab samples were cultured aerobically. In total, 37 bacterial species were identified, 4 from acute mastitis, 26 from chronic mastitis, and 8 from apparently healthy glands. In chronic mastitis, the overall coincidence index of overlap of species detected in intramammary abscesses and milk was 0.60, reducing to 0.36 within individual glands, indicating a high degree of species overlap in milk and abscesses overall, but less overlap within specific glands. Staphylococcus aureus was detected frequently in all sample types; it was isolated from 10/14 glands with acute mastitis. In 5 ewes, closely related strains were present in both affected and unaffected glands. In chronic mastitis, closely related Staphylococcus aureus strains were detected in milk and abscesses from the same gland.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Animals, Suckling; Bacteria; Chronic Disease; Female; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mastitis; Milk; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Sheep, Domestic; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 26277313
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9702 -
Breastfeeding Medicine : the Official... Feb 2013Research in bovine lactation has demonstrated that milk produced by a mammary gland displaying inflammation-based symptoms of mastitis has increased levels of free fatty...
BACKGROUND
Research in bovine lactation has demonstrated that milk produced by a mammary gland displaying inflammation-based symptoms of mastitis has increased levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) compared with milk produced by a contralateral asymptomatic gland. However, the effects of mastitis on lipid classes in milk have not been investigated in humans.
METHODS
The study described here compared milk collected from the symptomatic breast of women with mastitis (n=14) with that collected from the contralateral asymptomatic breast to determine if mastitis caused alterations in the quantity of total lipids, FFAs, and phospholipids (PLs), as well as the fatty acid profiles of these lipid classes. To assess their efficacy as biomarkers of mastitis, samples were also analyzed for selected markers of local inflammation: sodium, somatic cell count (SCC), and interleukin-8 (IL-8).
RESULTS
FFAs were higher in milk from the mastitic breast compared with that from the healthy breast (1.31 vs. 1.07 ± 0.10 g/100 g of lipid, p<0.05). Similarly, SCC and IL-8 were elevated roughly 10-fold in milk from mastitic breasts, compared with milk from healthy breasts, and sodium tended to be higher in milk from mastitic breasts (p<0.10). However, there were no differences in total lipid, PLs, or fatty acid profiles within each lipid class.
CONCLUSIONS
In summary, mastitis is associated with increased lipolysis in the human breast but not alterations in milk fat synthesis, as evidenced by a lack of alteration in total milk lipids. Additionally, these results indicate that SCC and IL-8 may be better indicators of mammary inflammation than sodium content.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Breast Feeding; Cell Count; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Humans; Idaho; Interleukin-8; Lipid Metabolism; Lipolysis; Mastitis; Milk, Human; Phospholipids; Postpartum Period; Sodium
PubMed: 22283504
DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2011.0141 -
Journal of Dairy Science Oct 2021Sensor technologies for mastitis detection have resulted in the collection and availability of a large amount of data. As a result, scientific publications reporting... (Review)
Review
Sensor technologies for mastitis detection have resulted in the collection and availability of a large amount of data. As a result, scientific publications reporting mastitis detection research have become less driven by approaches based on biological assumptions and more by data-driven modeling. Most of these approaches try to predict mastitis events from (combinations of) raw sensor data to which a wide variety of methods are applied originating from machine learning and classical statistical approaches. However, an even wider variety in terminologies is used by researchers for methods that are similar in nature. This makes it difficult for readers from other disciplines to understand the specific methods that are used and how these differ from each other. The aim of this paper was to provide a framework (filtering, transformation, and classification) for describing the different methods applied in sensor data-based clinical mastitis detection research and use this framework to review and categorize the approaches and underlying methods described in the scientific literature on mastitis detection. We identified 40 scientific publications between 1992 and 2020 that applied methods to detect clinical mastitis from sensor data. Based on these publications, we developed and used the framework and categorized these scientific publications into the 2 data processing techniques of filtering and transformation. These data processing techniques make raw data more amendable to be used for the third step in our framework, that of classification, which is used to distinguish between healthy and nonhealthy (mastitis) cows. Most publications (n = 34) used filtering or transformation, or a combination of these 2, for data processing before classification, whereas the remaining publications (n = 6) classified the observations directly from raw data. Concerning classification, applying a simple threshold was the most used method (n = 19 publications). Our work identified that within approaches several different methods and terminologies for similar methods were used. Not all publications provided a clear description of the method used, and therefore it seemed that different methods were used between publications, whereas in fact just a different terminology was used, or the other way around. This paper is intended to serve as a reference for people from various research disciplines who need to collaborate and communicate efficiently about the topic of sensor-based mastitis detection and the methods used in this context. The framework used in this paper can support future research to correctly classify approaches and methods, which can improve the understanding of scientific publication. We encourage future research on sensor-based animal disease detection, including that of mastitis detection, to use a more coherent terminology for methods, and clearly state which technique (e.g., filtering) and approach (e.g., moving average) are used. This paper, therefore, can serve as a starting point and further stimulates the interdisciplinary cooperation in sensor-based mastitis research.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Female; Language; Machine Learning; Mastitis
PubMed: 34304870
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20311 -
Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging Feb 2012Benign mastitis is a rare disease and its management is difficult. The diagnostic challenge is to distinguish it from carcinomatous mastitis. We make a distinction...
Benign mastitis is a rare disease and its management is difficult. The diagnostic challenge is to distinguish it from carcinomatous mastitis. We make a distinction between acute mastitis secondary to an infection, to inflammation around a benign structure or to superficial thrombophlebitis, and chronic, principally plasma cell and idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Imaging is often non-specific but we need to know and look for certain ultrasound, mammogram or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signs to give a pointer as early as possible towards a benign aetiology. A biopsy should be undertaken systematically where there is the slightest diagnostic doubt, to avoid failing to recognise a carcinomatous mastitis.
Topics: Acute Disease; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mammography; Mastitis; Syndrome; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 22305592
DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2011.12.002 -
Canadian Family Physician Medecin de... Oct 1997
Topics: Breast Feeding; Female; Humans; Mastitis
PubMed: 9356746
DOI: No ID Found -
Korean Journal of Radiology 2018Inflammatory breast disorders include a wide array of underlying causes, ranging from common benign infection, non-infectious inflammation and inflammation resulting... (Review)
Review
Inflammatory breast disorders include a wide array of underlying causes, ranging from common benign infection, non-infectious inflammation and inflammation resulting from underlying breast malignancy. Because it is at times difficult to distinguish mastitis and breast cancer based on clinical features, awareness of detailed imaging features may be helpful for better management of inflammatory breast disorders. Therefore, this pictorial essay intends to demonstrate radiologic findings of a variety of inflammatory breast disorders, using selected cases with mammography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance images.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Mastitis; Skin; Ultrasonography, Mammary
PubMed: 29353994
DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2018.19.1.5 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Mastitis is a common inflammatory disease caused by bacterial infection to the mammary gland that impacts human and animal health and causes economic losses. Houttuynia...
Houttuynia Essential Oil and its Self-Microemulsion Preparation Protect Against LPS-Induced Murine Mastitis by Restoring the Blood-Milk Barrier and Inhibiting Inflammation.
Mastitis is a common inflammatory disease caused by bacterial infection to the mammary gland that impacts human and animal health and causes economic losses. Houttuynia essential oil (HEO), extracted from Thunb, exhibits excellent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of HEO and a self-microemulsion preparation of HEO (SME-HEO) on inflammation and the blood-milk barrier (BMB) in lipopolysaccharide-induced murine mastitis. HEO and SME-HEO significantly downregulated pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β, upregulated anti-inflammatory factor IL-10, inhibited MPO expression, and alleviated histopathological injury in murine mammary gland tissues. Additionally, HEO and SME-HEO protected the integrity of the BMB by upregulating the expression of junction proteins ZO-1, claudin-1, claudin-3, and occludin. The anti-inflammatory effect of HEO against murine mastitis was mediated by blocking the MAPK signaling pathway and expression of iNOS. By inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors and protecting the integrity of the BMB, HEO may provide a novel treatment for mastitis.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Female; Houttuynia; Humans; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Mastitis; Mice; Milk; Oils, Volatile
PubMed: 35251039
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842189 -
BMC Women's Health May 2022Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a chronic inflammatory mastitis disease that requires long-term treatment and has a high recurrence rate. Case management has been proven...
BACKGROUND
Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a chronic inflammatory mastitis disease that requires long-term treatment and has a high recurrence rate. Case management has been proven to be an effective mechanism in assisting patients with chronic illness to receive regular and targeted disease monitoring and health care service. The aim of this study was to investigate the application of a hospital-to-community model of case management for granulomatous mastitis and explore the related factors associated with its recurrence.
METHODS
This was a prospective study on patients with granulomatous mastitis based on a case management model. Data on demographic, clinical and laboratory information, treatment methods, follow-up time, and recurrence were collected and analyzed. The eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) was used to investigate patients' adherence to medications. Logistic regression models were built for analysis of risk factors for the recurrence of granulomatous mastitis.
RESULTS
By October 2021, a total of 152 female patients with a mean age of 32 years had undergone the entire case management process. The mean total course of case management was 24.54 (range 15-45) months. Almost all the patients received medication treatment, except for one pregnant patient who received observation therapy, and approximately 53.9% of the patients received medication and surgery. The overall recurrence rate was 11.2%, and "high" medication adherence (RR = 0.428, 95% CI 0.224-0.867, P = 0.015) was significantly associated with a lower rate of recurrence, while the rate of recurrence with a surgical procedure + medication was higher than that with medication alone (RR = 4.128, 95% CI 1.026-16.610, P = 0.046).
CONCLUSION
A case management model for patients with granulomatous mastitis was applied to effectively monitor changes in the disease and to identify factors associated with disease recurrence. "Low" medication adherence was a significant risk factor for the recurrence of granulomatous mastitis. Patients treated with medication and surgery were more likely to experience recurrence than those treated with medication alone. The optimal treatment approach should be planned for granulomatous mastitis patients, and patient medication adherence should be of concern to medical staff.
Topics: Adult; Case Management; Female; Granulomatous Mastitis; Humans; Male; Medication Adherence; Prospective Studies; Recurrence
PubMed: 35501850
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01726-w