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BMC Women's Health May 2022Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a chronic inflammatory mastitis disease that requires long-term treatment and has a high recurrence rate. Case management has been proven...
BACKGROUND
Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a chronic inflammatory mastitis disease that requires long-term treatment and has a high recurrence rate. Case management has been proven to be an effective mechanism in assisting patients with chronic illness to receive regular and targeted disease monitoring and health care service. The aim of this study was to investigate the application of a hospital-to-community model of case management for granulomatous mastitis and explore the related factors associated with its recurrence.
METHODS
This was a prospective study on patients with granulomatous mastitis based on a case management model. Data on demographic, clinical and laboratory information, treatment methods, follow-up time, and recurrence were collected and analyzed. The eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) was used to investigate patients' adherence to medications. Logistic regression models were built for analysis of risk factors for the recurrence of granulomatous mastitis.
RESULTS
By October 2021, a total of 152 female patients with a mean age of 32 years had undergone the entire case management process. The mean total course of case management was 24.54 (range 15-45) months. Almost all the patients received medication treatment, except for one pregnant patient who received observation therapy, and approximately 53.9% of the patients received medication and surgery. The overall recurrence rate was 11.2%, and "high" medication adherence (RR = 0.428, 95% CI 0.224-0.867, P = 0.015) was significantly associated with a lower rate of recurrence, while the rate of recurrence with a surgical procedure + medication was higher than that with medication alone (RR = 4.128, 95% CI 1.026-16.610, P = 0.046).
CONCLUSION
A case management model for patients with granulomatous mastitis was applied to effectively monitor changes in the disease and to identify factors associated with disease recurrence. "Low" medication adherence was a significant risk factor for the recurrence of granulomatous mastitis. Patients treated with medication and surgery were more likely to experience recurrence than those treated with medication alone. The optimal treatment approach should be planned for granulomatous mastitis patients, and patient medication adherence should be of concern to medical staff.
Topics: Adult; Case Management; Female; Granulomatous Mastitis; Humans; Male; Medication Adherence; Prospective Studies; Recurrence
PubMed: 35501850
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01726-w -
Journal of Dairy Science Apr 2022Nisin Z is a possible alternative for treating bovine mastitis by inhibiting mastitis-causing pathogens and having anti-inflammatory activity. However, the...
Nisin Z is a possible alternative for treating bovine mastitis by inhibiting mastitis-causing pathogens and having anti-inflammatory activity. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of nisin Z on mastitis is unknown. Our study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of nisin Z on mastitis. Our results showed that nisin Z inhibited the activation of the ERK1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, decreased the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced MCF10A cells. After intraperitoneal injection, nisin Z significantly decreased inflammatory cell infiltration in the mammary gland, as well as decreased myeloperoxidase and pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum and mammary gland. Western blot analysis revealed that nisin Z also dramatically suppressed the activation of the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in LPS-induced mastitis mice. We also found that nisin Z treatment could enhance the blood-milk barrier. In summary, our study demonstrated that nisin Z exerted an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathway and promoting the blood-milk barrier on LPS-induced mastitis.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Female; Lipopolysaccharides; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Mastitis; Mice; NF-kappa B; Nisin; Signal Transduction; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
PubMed: 35181137
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21356 -
Toxins Feb 2021is the most common mastitis-related pathogen in dairy cattle, goats, and sheep worldwide. However, the population structure and genomic characteristics of...
is the most common mastitis-related pathogen in dairy cattle, goats, and sheep worldwide. However, the population structure and genomic characteristics of mastitis-associated in small ruminants are limited. Furthermore, the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics involved in the pathogenicity of . have been thoroughly defined, yet their association with the severity of mastitis is not fully established. Here, we performed genotyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and analyses to assess the genetic diversity and relatedness of 162 strains recovered from clinical mastitis (CM) and subclinical mastitis (SCM) cases from goats, sheep, and bovines. PFGE analysis revealed 108 distinguishable pulsotypes and 3 main clusters that comprised isolates from the three host species, while according to typing, 32 different types were identified. Genotypic analysis revealed a spreading of genetically related or indistinguishable strains among ovine, caprine, and bovine farms of distant geographical regions. In total, 28 different staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) gene profiles were observed, revealing a diverse range of SE genes among isolates. By evaluating the antimicrobial resistance, we found low phenotypic antimicrobial resistance among all ruminant isolates. We also performed multiple correspondence analysis, which indicated that the presence of the gene, biofilm production, and high autoaggregation ability are associated with CM cases.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Enterotoxins; Female; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Goat Diseases; Goats; Greece; Mastitis; Mastitis, Bovine; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Virulence
PubMed: 33668901
DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030176 -
Canadian Family Physician Medecin de... Oct 1997
Topics: Breast Feeding; Female; Humans; Mastitis
PubMed: 9356746
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Microbiology Feb 2021Staphylococcus aureus is the causative agent of chronic mastitis, and can form a biofilm that is difficult to completely remove once formed. Disinfectants are effective...
BACKGROUND
Staphylococcus aureus is the causative agent of chronic mastitis, and can form a biofilm that is difficult to completely remove once formed. Disinfectants are effective against S. aureus, but their activity is easily affected by environmental factors and they are corrosive to equipment and chemically toxic to livestock and humans. Therefore, we investigated the potential utility of a bacteriophage as a narrow-spectrum disinfectant against biofilms formed by S. aureus. In this study, we isolated and characterized bacteriophage vB_SauM_SDQ (abbreviated to SDQ) to determine its efficacy in removing S. aureus biofilms.
RESULTS
SDQ belongs to the family Myoviridae and consists of a hexagonal head, long neck, and short tail. This phage can sterilize a 10 CFU/mL culture of S. aureus in 12 h and multiply itself 1000-fold in that time. Biofilms formed on polystyrene, milk, and mammary-gland tissue were significantly reduced after SDQ treatment. Fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that SDQ destroyed the biofilm structure. Moreover, the titer of SDQ remained relatively high after the lysis of the bacteria and the removal of the biofilm, exerting a continuous bacteriostatic effect. SDQ also retained its full activity under conditions that mimic common environments, i.e., in the presence of nonionic detergents, tap water, or organic materials. A nonionic detergent (Triton X-100) enhanced the removal of biofilm by SDQ.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that SDQ, a specific lytic S. aureus phage, can be used to control biofilm infections. SDQ maintains its full activity in the presence of nonionic detergents, tap water, metal chelators, and organic materials, and can be used in combination with detergents. We propose this phage as a narrow-spectrum disinfectant against S. aureus, to augment or supplement the use of broad-spectrum disinfectants in the prevention and control of the mastitis and dairy industry contamination caused by S. aureus.
Topics: Animals; Biofilms; Cattle; Dairying; Disinfectants; Female; Mastitis; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Myoviridae; Phage Therapy; Sewage; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus Phages; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 33607940
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02117-1 -
Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging Feb 2012Benign mastitis is a rare disease and its management is difficult. The diagnostic challenge is to distinguish it from carcinomatous mastitis. We make a distinction...
Benign mastitis is a rare disease and its management is difficult. The diagnostic challenge is to distinguish it from carcinomatous mastitis. We make a distinction between acute mastitis secondary to an infection, to inflammation around a benign structure or to superficial thrombophlebitis, and chronic, principally plasma cell and idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Imaging is often non-specific but we need to know and look for certain ultrasound, mammogram or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signs to give a pointer as early as possible towards a benign aetiology. A biopsy should be undertaken systematically where there is the slightest diagnostic doubt, to avoid failing to recognise a carcinomatous mastitis.
Topics: Acute Disease; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mammography; Mastitis; Syndrome; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 22305592
DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2011.12.002 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2022() is a major environmental pathogen causing coliform mastitis, characterized by cell death and mammary tissue damage. Our previous study has shown the antimicrobial...
() is a major environmental pathogen causing coliform mastitis, characterized by cell death and mammary tissue damage. Our previous study has shown the antimicrobial effect of () hemolymph against mastitis pathogens. In this study, we established -induced cellular and animal models for mastitis, aiming to evaluate the protective effect of hemolymph against -induced mastitis in vivo and in vitro. In mice with , hemolymph attenuated bacterial burden and histopathological impairment, reduced the production of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the ratio of CD4 T/CD8 T, and increased the production of IL-2 triggered by . hemolymph also enhanced the integrity of the blood-milk barrier in -induced mastitis. In -stimulated porcine mammary epithelial cells, hemolymph inhibited -induced inflammatory responses and upregulated tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Claudin-3 and Occludin). Moreover, we found that the anti-inflammatory effect of hemolymph was mediated by inhibiting -induced NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, Caspase-1 activation, and reversing the inhibitory effect of on autophagy. Besides, hemolymph augmented ATG5/ATG16L1-mediated autophagy activation, negatively regulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Our results reveal that hemolymph alleviates -induced mastitis via lessening the inflammatory response by regulating the NLRP3 and ATG5/ATG16L1 signaling pathway, as well as repairing the blood-milk barrier.
Topics: Animals; Female; Humans; Mice; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Hemolymph; Inflammasomes; Lipopolysaccharides; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mastitis; NF-kappa B; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Swine; Coleoptera; Inflammation
PubMed: 36362066
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113279 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Mar 2021The occurrence of multiple metabolic and inflammatory diseases in dairy cows is higher during the periparturient period, which may be triggered by bacterial components,...
The occurrence of multiple metabolic and inflammatory diseases in dairy cows is higher during the periparturient period, which may be triggered by bacterial components, but not a viable bacterium. This study aimed to determine the association of endometritis and ovarian follicular cyst (OFC) with mastitis in dairy cows. Ninety-eight Holstein dairy cows were clinically examined for endometritis and OFC approximately 30-50 days after calving. Blood and milk samples were collected for the determination of milk somatic cell count (SCC); milk interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) concentrations; and plasma haptoglobin (Hp) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) concentrations. Of the 98 dairy cows included in this study, 12 were diagnosed with endometritis and 37 cows were identified as OFC-positive, whereas the remaining 49 cows were healthy (without endometritis or OFC). The average and maximum SCCs and plasma Hp and LBP concentrations were not significantly different between the healthy cows and those with endometritis or OFC. However, when the maximum SCC was classified as <300, 300-1,000, or >1,000 × 10 cells/ml, the percentage of cows with the maximum SCC <300 × 10 cells/ml was significantly lower in the endometritis and OFC-positive groups than in the healthy group. These results suggested that cows with endometritis and OFC during the postpartum period exhibit high SCC, indicating that some bacterial components can be transferred between organs.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Endometritis; Female; Follicular Cyst; Lactation; Mastitis; Milk; Postpartum Period
PubMed: 33342970
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0652 -
Annals of the Academy of Medicine,... Aug 2021
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Granulomatous Mastitis; Humans; Mammography
PubMed: 34472553
DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2021286 -
BioMed Research International 2021A crosssectional study was conducted between September 2015 and August 2016 in the district of Afar Regional State, Northeastern Ethiopia, to characterize the most...
OBJECTIVE
A crosssectional study was conducted between September 2015 and August 2016 in the district of Afar Regional State, Northeastern Ethiopia, to characterize the most prevalent bacterial pathogens and identify the associated risk factors of camel subclinical mastitis. California mastitis test (CMT) was used as a screening test, and standard bacteriological methods were carried out for isolation and identification of the pathogens.
RESULTS
Among the total 96 lactating camels examined, 25 were found positive with the overall prevalence of 26%, with 25% and 1% subclinical and clinical mastitis cases, respectively. Totally, 384 quarters of udder were examined; of these, 10 of them were blind while the rest 374 were nonblind teats. The quarter level prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 8.9%. The analysis showed that statistically significant difference ( < 0.05) of tick infestation and subclinical mastitis. Additionally, among the bacteriologically tested 34 CMT positive milk samples, all of them showed growth on nutrient and blood agar plate. Out of these culture isolates, the major bacterial pathogens identified were (8.7%), (6.52%) (6.52), (19.57%), (19.57%), (6.52%), and (6.52%) species. Therefore, appropriate control measures and awareness creation to the community should be practiced.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Camelus; Cattle; Ethiopia; Female; Mastitis; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34307655
DOI: 10.1155/2021/5522331