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Folia Morphologica 2021The aim of the study was to analyse the anatomical parameters of the thoracolumbar spine spinous process and lamina space for Chinese anatomic study, and provide an...
BACKGROUND
The aim of the study was to analyse the anatomical parameters of the thoracolumbar spine spinous process and lamina space for Chinese anatomic study, and provide an anatomical reference for its clinical operation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Samples from 24 adult autopsy subjects were obtained from the thoracolumbar spine spinous process and lamina space at levels T1 through L5. Direct measurements were made for the spinous process spacing distance, spinous process length, width, thickness and inclination angle, and the lamina space width and height.
RESULTS
1. Distance of the spine spinous process spacing: Thoracic part: The maximum tip distance was observed at T4~T5 level, and the minimum tip distance was observed at T9~T10 level. The maximum centre distance and root distance were observed at T11~T12 level, and the minimum were observed at T5~T6 level separately. Lumbar part: distance of spinous process spacing in lumbar part showed a decreasing pattern from L1~L2 to L5~S1. 2. Length, width, thickness of the spine spinous process: 1) The length of the spinous process: The upper border gradually increased from T1 to T6 and then decreased till T12 region. The centre region is T8 maximum, T11 minimum. The lower border length showed a decreasing trend from T1 to T12. Lumbar part: The length increased from L1 and reached maximum value at L3. Then, the length decreased gradually to reach minimum value at L5. 2) The width of the spinous process: The width showed an increasing trend from T1 to T12. Lumbar part: Maximum width was seen at L3 and a minimum L5. 3) The thickness of the spinous process: Tip thickness > Centre thickness > Root thickness in each thoracic and lumbar vertebra. Thoracic part: the maximum tip thickness is T1, T7 minimum, The maximum centre thickness is T12, T7 minimum. The maximum root height is T6, T9 minimum. Lumbar part: Maximum tip thickness was seen at L1, and a minimum L3. Maximum centre thickness was seen at L5, and a minimum L2. Maximum root thickness was seen at L2, and a minimum L1. 3. Inclination angle of the spine spinous process: The inclination angle gradually decreased from T1 to T7 to minimum value at T7 and then increased till T12 region. 4. Width and height of lamina space: 1) The width of lamina space: For thoracic part, the data became shorter gradually from T1~T2 to T5~T6, and then increased till to T11~T12. For lumbar part, the width of lamina space increased from T12~L1 to L5~S1. 2) The height of lamina space: In the thoracic vertebrae, the maximum height of centre region was observed at T11~T12 and the minimum mean value was observed at T3~T4. In the lumbar vertebrae, the height of the lamina space was gradually increased from T12~L1 to L5~S1.
CONCLUSIONS
This study reports morphometric data of the thoracolumbar spine spinous process and lamina space in the Chinese population, which provides an anatomic basis for thoracolumbar spine design of internal fixation, posterior surgery, puncture and epidural anaesthesia.
Topics: Adult; China; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Lumbosacral Region; Spinal Puncture; Spine; Thoracic Vertebrae
PubMed: 32844385
DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2020.0102 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2023Tundra plants are widely considered to be constrained by cool growing conditions and short growing seasons. Furthermore, phenological development is generally predicted...
Tundra plants are widely considered to be constrained by cool growing conditions and short growing seasons. Furthermore, phenological development is generally predicted by daily heat sums calculated as growing degree days. Analyzing over a decade of seasonal flower counts of 23 plant species distributed across four plant communities, together with hourly canopy-temperature records, we show that the timing of flowering of many tundra plants are best predicted by a modified growing degree day model with a maximum temperature threshold. Threshold maximums are commonly employed in agriculture, but until recently have not been considered for natural ecosystems and to our knowledge have not been used for tundra plants. Estimated maximum temperature thresholds were found to be within the range of daily temperatures commonly experienced for many species, particularly for plants at the colder, high Arctic study site. These findings provide an explanation for why passive experimental warming-where moderate changes in mean daily temperatures are accompanied by larger changes in daily maximum temperatures-generally shifts plant phenology less than ambient warming. Our results also suggest that many plants adapted to extreme cold environments may have limits to their thermal responsiveness.
Topics: Temperature; Ecosystem; Hot Temperature; Climate Change; Arctic Regions; Seasons; Tundra; Plants
PubMed: 36604463
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26955-9 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Apr 2010To compare the radiographic appearance of small and large intestines of cats with various medical conditions and create a quantitative index for interpretation of...
OBJECTIVE
To compare the radiographic appearance of small and large intestines of cats with various medical conditions and create a quantitative index for interpretation of intestinal diameters on radiographic views of the abdomen.
DESIGN
Retrospective cohort study.
ANIMALS
74 cats that underwent abdominal radiography.
PROCEDURES
Cats were assigned to 1 of 4 diagnosis categories: no gastrointestinal tract disease (n = 20), nonobstructive gastrointestinal tract disease (32), linear foreign body (LFB; 11), and small intestinal mechanical obstruction not caused by an LFB (11). Abdominal radiographs were evaluated without knowledge of history or diagnosis. Maximum and minimum external small intestine diameter (SID) and colon diameter (CD) were compared; dorsoventral and mediolateral measurements of the cranial end plate of L2 (VEL2) and L5 vertebrae were compared. Dorsoventral height of VEL2 from lateral radiographic views was used to determine maximum-SID:VEL2 and maximum-CD:VEL2 ratios. Gas patterns were evaluated.
RESULTS
Nonobstructive gastrointestinal tract disease was more likely than obstruction until a maximum-SID:VEL2 ratio > 2.0. At a maximum-SID:VEL2 ratio of 2.5, probability of a disease not related to the intestinal tract was < 4%. At a maximum-SID:VEL2 ratio of 3.0, probability of a mechanical intestinal obstruction was > 70%. When the maximum-CD:VEL2 ratio was 2.0, probability of LFB was 50%; as the maximum-CD:VEL2 ratio increased beyond 2.0, likelihood of LFB decreased. Both gas pattern and CD correlated with diagnosis category.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Normalizing ratios of maximum-SID:VEL2 and maximum-CD:VEL2 obtained from measurements on lateral radiographic views of the abdomen in cats were related to diagnosis category.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Cohort Studies; Intestinal Diseases; Radiography, Abdominal; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 20392185
DOI: 10.2460/javma.236.8.880 -
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Mar 2019Evaluate the possibility to reduce specific energy absorption rate (SAR)-induced maximum temperature and thermal dose by rearranging the order and spacing of sequences...
PURPOSE
Evaluate the possibility to reduce specific energy absorption rate (SAR)-induced maximum temperature and thermal dose by rearranging the order and spacing of sequences without increasing duration of the MRI examination.
METHODS
Using numerical simulations based on an actual SAR-intensive MRI examination, optimizations to reduce either maximum temperature or thermal dose were performed. For each permutation of groups of sequences having the same patient table position, temperature and thermal dose were computed very rapidly using recently published methods. Disposition of sequences was further adjusted by optimizing the spacing between each sequence without exceeding the original exam duration.
RESULTS
The maximum simulated temperature in the original exam was 42.38°C, and the maximum thermal dose was 3.23 cumulative effective minutes at 43°C (CEM43). After optimization to reduce maximum temperature, it was 41.77°C, and after optimization to minimize the thermal dose, it was 1.42 CEM43.
CONCLUSION
It is possible to reduce maximum temperature and thermal dose in the exam by changing the arrangement and spacing of the sequences without increasing the duration of the exam (by increasing TR or adding delays) or compromising image quality (by reducing flip angles).
Topics: Body Temperature; Computer Simulation; Hot Temperature; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Models, Statistical; Models, Theoretical; Perfusion; Phantoms, Imaging; Radio Waves; Spine
PubMed: 30329177
DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27503 -
Journal of Human Kinetics Jun 2011The velocity of movement and applied load affect the production of mechanical power output and subsequently the extent of the adaptation stimulus in strength exercises....
The velocity of movement and applied load affect the production of mechanical power output and subsequently the extent of the adaptation stimulus in strength exercises. We do not know of any known function describing the relationship of power and velocity and load in the bench press exercise. The objective of the study is to find a function modeling of the relationship of relative velocity, relative load and mechanical power output for the bench press exercise and to determine the intensity zones of the exercise for specifically focused strength training of soccer players. Fifteen highly trained soccer players at the start of a competition period were studied. The subjects of study performed bench presses with the load of 0, 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90% of the predetermined one repetition maximum with maximum possible speed of movement. The mean measured power and velocity for each load (kg) were used to develop a multiple linear regression function which describes the quadratic relationship between the ratio of power (W) to maximum power (W) and the ratios of the load (kg) to one repetition maximum (kg) and the velocity (m•s(-1)) to maximal velocity (m•s(-1)). The quadratic function of two variables that modeled the searched relationship explained 74% of measured values in the acceleration phase and 75% of measured values from the entire extent of the positive power movement in the lift. The optimal load for reaching maximum power output suitable for the dynamics effort strength training was 40% of one repetition maximum, while the optimal mean velocity would be 75% of maximal velocity. Moreover, four zones: maximum power, maximum velocity, velocity-power and strength-power were determined on the basis of the regression function.
PubMed: 23486484
DOI: 10.2478/v10078-011-0020-2 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2023Five new complexes with metal cations (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) of monolacunary Keggin monovanado-deca-tungstophosphate, K[PVWO]·15HO, have been synthesised. The molar...
Five new complexes with metal cations (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) of monolacunary Keggin monovanado-deca-tungstophosphate, K[PVWO]·15HO, have been synthesised. The molar ratio of the combination between metal cations and K[PVWO]·15HO has been established to be 1:1, and its general molecular formulas were found to be: K[MPVWO(HO)]·xHO ( = 5 for M = Fe and = 6 for M = Mn, Co, Ni, and Cu). Optimal conditions for complexes' synthesis (pH, temperature, and reaction time) have been determined. The characterisation of K[PVWO]·15HO and of its compounds K[MPVWO(HO)]·xHO have been performed using AAS, TG-DTA-DTG, UV-VIS, IR, Raman, and powder XRD methods. In UV spectra, two maximums of absorption were obtained, at 200 and 250 nm, characteristic of Keggin polycondensate compounds. The coordination of cations Ni, Co, and Cu through oxygen atoms from K[PVWO]·15HO in an octahedron system has been reflected with VIS spectroscopy. All these methods have proved the compositions and structures of K[PVWO]·15HO and K[MPVWO(HO)]·xHO, their similarity with other vanadotungstophosphates, and their achievements in the Keggin class. Additionally, all analysis methods have shown an increase in the degree of structural symmetry and the thermal stability of a polyoxoanion complex after attaching metal cations compared to the monolacunary, K[PVWO]·15HO.
PubMed: 36676564
DOI: 10.3390/ma16020827 -
Nature Communications Oct 2022Sphere imagers featuring specific wavelength recognition and wide-angle imaging are required to meet the fast development of modern technology. However, it is still...
Sphere imagers featuring specific wavelength recognition and wide-angle imaging are required to meet the fast development of modern technology. However, it is still challenging to deposit high-quality photosensitive layers on sphere substrates from low-cost solution processes. Here we report spray-coated quasi-two-dimensional phenylethylammonium/formamidinium lead halide (PEAFAPbX) perovskite hemispherical photodetectors. The crystallization speed is manipulated by perovskite compositions, and the film thickness can be controlled by spray-coating cycles and solution concentration from tens of nanometers to hundreds of micrometers with a fast velocity of 1.28 × 10 cm s. The lens-free hemispherical photodetectors allow light response at a wide incident angle of 180°. Simultaneously, the wavelength selective response from visible to the near-infrared range is achieved with full width at half maximums (FWHMs) of ~20 nm, comparable to single-crystal devices. Wide-angle and wavelength-selective imaging are also demonstrated, which can find potential applications in intelligent recognition and intraoperative navigated surgery.
PubMed: 36243753
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33934-1 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2019The viruses play an important role in limiting bacterial abundance in oceans and, hence, in regulating bacterial biogeochemical functions. A cruise was conducted in...
The viruses play an important role in limiting bacterial abundance in oceans and, hence, in regulating bacterial biogeochemical functions. A cruise was conducted in September 2005 along a transect in the deep South China Sea (SCS). The results showed the double maxima in the ratio of viral to bacterial abundance (VBR) in the water column: a deep maximum at 800-1000 m coinciding with the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) and a subsurface maximum at 50-100 m near the subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) layer. At the deep maximum of VBR, both viral and bacterial abundances were lower than those in the upper layer, but the former was reduced less than the latter. In contrast, at the subsurface maximum of VBR, both viral and bacterial abundances increased to the maximum, with viral abundance increasing more than bacterial abundance. The results suggest that two VBR maxima were formed due to different mechanisms. In the SCM, the VBR maximum is due to an abundant supply of organic matter, which increases bacterial growth, and stimulates viral abundance faster. In contrast, in the OMZ, organic matter is consumed and limits bacterial growth, but viruses are less limited by organic matter and continue to infect bacteria, leading to the maximum VBR. The OMZ in the deep-water column of oceans is over hundreds of years old and receives a constant supply of organic matter from the water above. However, the oxygen level cannot be depleted to anoxia. Bacterial respiration is largely responsible for oxygen consumption in the OMZ; and hence, any process that limits bacterial abundance and respiration contributes to the variation in the OMZ. Viral control of bacterial abundance can be a potential mechanism responsible for slowing down oxygen consumption to anoxia in the OMZ. Our finding provides preliminary evidence that viruses are an important player in controlling bacterial abundance when bacterial growth is limited by organic matter, and thus, regulates the decomposition of organic matter, oxygen consumption and nutrient re-mineralization in deep oceans.
PubMed: 31379770
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01593 -
BBA Advances 2023Emission fluorescence is one of the most versatile and powerful biophysical techniques used in several scientific subjects. It is extensively applied in the studies of...
Emission fluorescence is one of the most versatile and powerful biophysical techniques used in several scientific subjects. It is extensively applied in the studies of proteins, their conformations, and intermolecular contacts, such as in protein-ligand and protein-protein interactions, allowing qualitative, quantitative, and structural data elucidation. This review, aimed to outline some of the most widely used fluorescence techniques in this area, illustrate their applications and display a few examples. At first, the data on the intrinsic fluorescence of proteins is disclosed, mainly on the tryptophan side chain. Predominantly, research to study protein conformational changes, protein interactions, and changes in intensities and shifts of the fluorescence emission maximums were discussed. Fluorescence anisotropy or fluorescence polarization is a measurement of the changing orientation of a molecule in space, concerning the time between the absorption and emission events. Absorption and emission indicate the spatial alignment of the molecule's dipoles relative to the electric vector of the electromagnetic wave of excitation and emitted light, respectively. In other words, if the fluorophore population is excited with vertically polarized light, the emitted light will retain some polarization based on how fast it rotates in solution. Therefore, fluorescence anisotropy can be successfully used in protein-protein interaction investigations. Then, green fluorescent proteins (GFPs), photo-transformable fluorescent proteins (FPs) such as photoswitchable and photoconvertible FPs, and those with Large Stokes Shift (LSS) are disclosed in more detail. FPs are potent tools for the study of biological systems. Their versatility and wide range of colours and properties allow many applications. Finally, the application of fluorescence in life sciences is exposed, especially the application of FPs in fluorescence microscopy techniques with super-resolution that enables precise photolabeling to monitor the movement and interactions of target proteins.
PubMed: 37207090
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2023.100091 -
Orthopaedic Surgery Sep 2022To compare the biomechanical properties of proximal femur bionic nail (PFBN), proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) and InterTan in the treatment of elderly...
OBJECTIVE
To compare the biomechanical properties of proximal femur bionic nail (PFBN), proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) and InterTan in the treatment of elderly intertrochanteric fractures AO/OTA 31-A1.3 by finite element analysis.
METHODS
We used Mimics, Unigraphics and other software to establish normal femur and AO/OTA 31-A1.3 fracture models, and reconstructed PFBN, PFNA and InterTan intramedullary nail models, and assembled them on the fracture model. The ANSYS software was used to compare the femoral von Mises stress distribution, deformation distribution, and internal fixation stress distribution of each group under a load of 2100 N.
RESULTS
It could be seen that the femoral maximum stress, femoral maximum displacement, and maximum stress of internal fixation of the PFBN group were lower than those in the PFNA group and the InterTan group. The maximum femoral stress of the PFBN was 190.25 MPa, while the maximum stress of the femur of the PFNA and InterTan groups were 238.41 Mpa and 226.97 Mpa. The maximum femoral displacement of each group were located at the top of the femoral head, and the maximum displacement of the PFBN group was 14.373 mm, and the maximum displacement values of the PFNA and InterTan groups were 19.49 and 15.225 mm. For the stress distribution of intramedullary nail, the maximum stress of the three kinds of internal fixation was located on the main nail. The maximum stress of PFBN was 1191.8 MPa, compared with 2142.8 MPa for PFNA and 1702.3 MPa for InterTan. And the maximum stress on the PFBN pressure nail was 345.35 MPa, compared with 868.6 MPa for the PFNA spiral blade and 545.5 MPa for InterTan interlocking twin nails.
CONCLUSION
Compared with PFNA and InterTan, PFBN has better mechanical properties. The biomechanical characteristics of PFBN are more advantageous than PFNA and InterTan internal fixation system in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures.
Topics: Aged; Bionics; Bone Nails; Femoral Fractures; Femur; Finite Element Analysis; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary; Hip Fractures; Humans; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35848160
DOI: 10.1111/os.13247