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Journal of Clinical Microbiology Mar 2003
Review
Topics: Biomedical Research; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Microbiological Techniques; Microbiology
PubMed: 12624009
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.3.917-918.2003 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2013Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of the food-borne life threatening disease listeriosis. This pathogenic bacterium received much attention in the endeavor... (Review)
Review
Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of the food-borne life threatening disease listeriosis. This pathogenic bacterium received much attention in the endeavor of deciphering the cellular mechanisms that underlie the onset of infection and its ability to adapt to the food processing environment. Although information is available on the presence of L. monocytogenes in many environmental niches including soil, water, plants, foodstuff and animals, understanding the ecology of L. monocytogenes in outdoor environments has received less attention. Soil is an environmental niche of pivotal importance in the transmission of this bacterium to plants and animals. Soil composition, microbial communities and macrofauna are extrinsic edaphic factors that direct the fate of L. monocytogenes in the soil environment. Moreover, farming practices may further affect its incidence. The genome of L. monocytogenes presents an extensive repertoire of genes encoding transport proteins and regulators, a characteristic of the genome of ubiquitous bacteria. Postgenomic analyses bring new insights in the process of soil adaptation. In the present paper focussing on soil, we review these extrinsic and intrinsic factors that drive environmental adaptation of L. monocytogenes.
Topics: Animals; Food Microbiology; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 24350062
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00087 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Aug 2017Basic sciences constitute the most abundant sources of creativity and innovation, as they are based on the passion of knowing. Basic knowledge, in close and fertile...
Basic sciences constitute the most abundant sources of creativity and innovation, as they are based on the passion of knowing. Basic knowledge, in close and fertile contact with medical and public health needs, produces distinct advancements in applied sciences. Basic sciences play the role of stem cells, providing material and semantics to construct differentiated tissues and organisms and enabling specialized functions and applications. However, eventually processes of "practice deconstruction" might reveal basic questions, as in de-differentiation of tissue cells. Basic sciences, microbiology, infectious diseases, and public health constitute an epistemological gradient that should also be an investigational continuum. The coexistence of all these interests and their cross-fertilization should be favored by interdisciplinary, integrative research organizations working simultaneously in the analytical and synthetic dimensions of scientific knowledge.
Topics: Biological Science Disciplines; Clinical Medicine; Communicable Disease Control; Humans; Inventions; Microbiology; Public Health; Research
PubMed: 28859345
DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix350 -
FEMS Microbiology Reviews Mar 2011Aquatic surface microlayers are unique microbial ecosystems found at the air-water interface of all open water bodies and are often referred to as the neuston.... (Review)
Review
Aquatic surface microlayers are unique microbial ecosystems found at the air-water interface of all open water bodies and are often referred to as the neuston. Unambiguous interpretation of the microbiology of aquatic surface microlayers relies on robust sampling, for which several methods are available. All have particular advantages and disadvantages that make them more or less suited to this task. A key feature of surface microlayers is their role in regulating air-water gas exchange, which affords them a central role in global biogeochemistry that is only now being fully appreciated. The microbial populations in surface microlayers can impact air-water gas exchange through specific biogeochemical processes mediated by particular microbial groups such as methanotrophs or through more general metabolic activity such as the balance of primary production vs. heterotrophy. There have been relatively few studies of surface microlayers that have utilized molecular ecology techniques. The emerging consensus view is that aquatic surface microlayers are aggregate-enriched biofilm environments containing complex microbial communities that are ecologically distinct from those present in the subsurface water immediately below. Future research should focus on unravelling the complex interactions between microbial diversity and the ecosystem function of surface microlayers in order to better understand the important but complex role of microorganisms in Earth system processes.
Topics: Air Microbiology; Bacteria; Ecosystem; Microbiological Techniques; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 20726895
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00246.x -
FEMS Microbiology Letters Oct 2018Microbiology is an area with a high research production, classified in different branches. Thus, it is difficult to identify research trends without many backgrounds....
Microbiology is an area with a high research production, classified in different branches. Thus, it is difficult to identify research trends without many backgrounds. The present paper aims to apply bibliometric methods to identify the highly cited papers that contribute to the Microbiology development. Furthermore, a science mapping analysis allows discovering the main thematic areas covered by those detected papers. From the 572 153 papers (articles and reviews) indexed in the Web of Science Microbiology category (1900-2017), a total of 645 highly cited papers were detected. Concerning the main scientific producers in Microbiology, Applied and Environmental Microbiology as a journal, R. Knight from the University of Colorado (USA) as an author and the USA as a country are the most productive actors. Nevertheless, taking into account the gross domestic product per capita, China and Spain are remarkable countries. Furthermore, according to the relative priority index (RPI), Denmark, Belgium, Spain and The Netherlands are the countries that make a higher scientific effort in this field. About the co-word analysis, several important themes were detected, such as Next Generation Sequencing, Gene, Escherichia Coli or Gene Expression. Concerning these results, this work supposes a framework on which to base future research.
Topics: Bibliometrics; Biomedical Research; Microbiology
PubMed: 30247554
DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny230 -
International Microbiology : the... Dec 2012
Topics: Animals; Humans; Metagenome; Microbiology; Publications
PubMed: 23844474
DOI: 10.2436/20.1501.01.168 -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Dec 2019
Topics: Editorial Policies; Humans; Microbiology; Periodicals as Topic
PubMed: 31674900
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000871 -
BioTechniques Sep 2007
Topics: Freedom; Genetic Engineering; Guidelines as Topic; Microbiology; Molecular Biology; United States
PubMed: 17907568
DOI: 10.2144/000112539 -
Microbiological Reviews Dec 1993The demarcation of protist kingdoms is reviewed, a complete revised classification down to the level of subclass is provided for the kingdoms Protozoa, Archezoa, and... (Review)
Review
The demarcation of protist kingdoms is reviewed, a complete revised classification down to the level of subclass is provided for the kingdoms Protozoa, Archezoa, and Chromista, and the phylogenetic basis of the revised classification is outlined. Removal of Archezoa because of their ancestral absence of mitochondria, peroxisomes, and Golgi dictyosomes makes the kingdom Protozoa much more homogeneous: they all either have mitochondria and peroxisomes or have secondarily lost them. Predominantly phagotrophic, Protozoa are distinguished from the mainly photosynthetic kingdom Chromista (Chlorarachniophyta, Cryptista, Heterokonta, and Haptophyta) by the absence of epiciliary retronemes (rigid thrust-reversing tubular ciliary hairs) and by the lack of two additional membranes outside their chloroplast envelopes. The kingdom Protozoa has two subkingdoms: Adictyozoa, without Golgi dictyosomes, containing only the phylum Percolozoa (flagellates and amoeboflagellates); and Dictyozoa, made up of 17 phyla with Golgi dictyosomes. Dictyozoa are divided into two branches: (i) Parabasalia, a single phylum with hydrogenosomes and 70S ribosomes but no mitochondria, Golgi dictyosomes associated with striated roots, and a kinetid of four or five cilia; and (ii) Bikonta (16 unicellular or plasmodial phyla with mitochondria and bikinetids and in which Golgi dictyosomes are not associated with striated ciliary roots), which are divided into two infrakingdoms: Euglenozoa (flagellates with discoid mitochondrial cristae and trans-splicing of miniexons for all nuclear genes) and Neozoa (15 phyla of more advanced protozoa with tubular or flat [usually nondiscoid] mitochondrial cristae and cis-spliced spliceosomal introns). Neozoa are divided into seven parvkingdoms: (i) Ciliomyxa (three predominantly ciliated phyla with tubular mitochondrial cristae but no cortical alveoli, i.e., Opalozoa [flagellates with tubular cristae], Mycetozoa [slime molds], and Choanozoa [choanoflagellates, with flattened cristae]); (ii) Alveolata (three phyla with cortical alveoli and tubular mitochondrial cristae, i.e., Dinozoa [Dinoflagellata and Protalveolata], Apicomplexa, and Ciliophora); (iii) Neosarcodina (phyla Rhizopoda [lobose and filose amoebae] and Reticulosa [foraminifera; reticulopodial amoebae], usually with tubular cristae); (iv) Actinopoda (two phyla with axopodia: Heliozoa and Radiozoa [Radiolaria, Acantharia]); (v) Entamoebia (a single phylum of amoebae with no mitochondria, peroxisomes, hydrogenosomes, or cilia and with transient intranuclear centrosomes); (vi) Myxozoa (three endoparasitic phyla with multicellular spores, mitochondria, and no cilia: Myxosporidia, Haplosporidia, and Paramyxia); and (vii) Mesozoa (multicells with tubular mitochondrial cristae, included in Protozoa because, unlike animals, they lack collagenous connective tissue).
Topics: Animals; Eukaryota; Microbiology
PubMed: 8302218
DOI: 10.1128/mr.57.4.953-994.1993 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Feb 2019The European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) aims to further develop its role in international medical and scientific guidance in the...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
The European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) aims to further develop its role in international medical and scientific guidance in the field of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, where many types of guidance documents exist. The ESCMID Executive Committee and the Clinical Microbiology and Infection (CMI) editorial board wish to clarify the terminology and format to be used in ESCMID guidance documents submitted for publication in CMI, and to highlight the principles behind ESCMID guidance documents.
TYPES OF GUIDANCE DOCUMENTS
There are five types of ESCMID guidance documents: White Papers, Clinical Practice Guidelines, Consensus Statements, State-of-the-Science Statements, and Position Papers. They differ in scope, methods of development, drafting group composition and preferred publication format. Guidance documents can be proposed, developed and published by ESCMID Study Groups, Committees and individual members; often, other scientific societies are involved. The full disclosure of potential conflicts of interest of all drafting group members is a requirement.
FINAL REMARKS
Guidance documents constitute a common cultural and scientific background to people in the same and related professions. Also, they are an important educational and training tool. Developing a guidance document is a scientific endeavour, where a sound and transparent development process is needed, requiring multidisciplinary and personal skills.
Topics: Clinical Medicine; Consensus; Europe; Microbiology; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Societies, Scientific
PubMed: 30145398
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.08.005