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Expert Review of Vaccines Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Mpox (monkeypox); Disease Outbreaks; Antibodies, Viral
PubMed: 35968670
DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2113515 -
Revista Medica Del Instituto Mexicano... Mar 2023Since the emergence of monkeypox in Europe, this disease has gradually spread throughout the rest of the world. In Mexico, epidemiological notices have been issued with...
Since the emergence of monkeypox in Europe, this disease has gradually spread throughout the rest of the world. In Mexico, epidemiological notices have been issued with the main guidelines to follow in terms of epidemiological surveillance and official figures have been published regularly on a microsite weeks after the first cases. These sources of information were reviewed and analyzed, based on which observations are issued, in addition to other relevant publications on the subject, with the interest of reinforcing the surveillance of this disease in the country.
Topics: Humans; Europe; Monkeypox virus; Mpox (monkeypox); Pandemics; Mexico; Epidemiological Monitoring
PubMed: 37200498
DOI: No ID Found -
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy Oct 2022Monkeypox is a viral zoonosis, with symptoms similar to those seen in smallpox patients, although the clinical presentation may be less severe. Until recently, human...
INTRODUCTION
Monkeypox is a viral zoonosis, with symptoms similar to those seen in smallpox patients, although the clinical presentation may be less severe. Until recently, human monkeypox infection was rare, and primarily occurred in Central and West Africa.
AREAS COVERED
An international outbreak began in May 2022, and monkeypox has now been detected on every continent except Antarctica. The first recognized case from the current outbreak was confirmed in the United Kingdom on 6 May 2022, in an adult with travel links to Nigeria, but it has been suggested that cases had been spreading in Europe for months. On 23 July 2022 the Director-General of the World Health Organization declared the monkeypox outbreak a public health emergency of international concern.
EXPERT OPINION
There are no treatments specifically for monkeypox virus infections. However, monkeypox and smallpox viruses are genetically similar, and therapeutics developed to combat smallpox may be used to treat monkeypox. This manuscripts reviews what is known about these potential treatments, including tecovirimat and brincidofovir, based on a literature search of PubMed through 9 August 2022, and explores how these therapeutics may be used in the future to address the expanding monkeypox pandemic.
Topics: Adult; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Mpox (monkeypox); Monkeypox virus; Public Health; Smallpox
PubMed: 35953443
DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2113058 -
Virus Genes Jun 2023The recent widespread emergence of monkeypox (mpox), a rare and endemic zoonotic disease by monkeypox virus (MPXV), has made global headlines. While transmissibility (R... (Review)
Review
The recent widespread emergence of monkeypox (mpox), a rare and endemic zoonotic disease by monkeypox virus (MPXV), has made global headlines. While transmissibility (R ≈ 0.58) and fatality rate (0-3%) are low, as it causes prolonged morbidity, the World Health Organization has declared monkeypox as a public health emergency of international concern. Thus, effective containment and disease management require quick and efficient detection of MPXV. In this bioinformatic overview, we summarize the numerous molecular tests available for MPXV, and discuss the diversity of genes and primers used in the polymerase chain reaction-based detection. Over 90 primer/probe sets are used for the detection of poxviruses. While hemagglutinin and A-type inclusion protein are the most common target genes, tumor necrosis factor receptor and complement binding protein genes are frequently used for distinguishing Clade I and Clade II of MPXV. Problems and possibilities in the detection of MPXV have been discussed.
Topics: Humans; Mpox (monkeypox); Monkeypox virus; Polymerase Chain Reaction; DNA, Viral; Public Health
PubMed: 36746846
DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-01975-3 -
European Urology Dec 2022Since May 2022, 31 000 cases of monkeypox infection have been reported in nonendemic areas. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Since May 2022, 31 000 cases of monkeypox infection have been reported in nonendemic areas.
OBJECTIVE
To describe a series of cases of monkeypox with genitourinary involvement.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This was a prospective observational study of men diagnosed with monkeypox disease with genitourinary involvement.
RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS
A total of 14 patients were recruited. The median age was 42 yr. Of these patients, 43% sought a consultation for genitourinary symptomatology, and 71% had engaged in sex with other men. Eight patients (57%) were positive for human immunodeficiency virus, one diagnosed synchronously; the remainder had a median CD4 count of 663/μl. Six patients (43%) had a different sexually transmitted disease. Penile oedema was present in 43% of patients and two patients required surgical exploration.
CONCLUSIONS
Genitourinary involvement is frequent in monkeypox disease and is often the reason for the consultation visit.
PATIENTS SUMMARY
In this report we looked at how monkeypox disease can affect the genitourinary area, causing swelling of the penis or skin lesions.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adult; Mpox (monkeypox); Prospective Studies
PubMed: 36096858
DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.08.034 -
Indian Pediatrics Aug 2022The biggest-ever outbreak of monkeypox disease in non-endemic countries started in May, 2022. Though no monkeypox case has been reported from India, till mid-June, 2022,... (Review)
Review
The biggest-ever outbreak of monkeypox disease in non-endemic countries started in May, 2022. Though no monkeypox case has been reported from India, till mid-June, 2022, yet, considering the rate of spread to the non-endemic countries, there is an urgent need of better understanding of the monkeypox virus and disease epidemiology to help clinicians, public health specialists, and policymakers to be prepared for any eventuality. This review summarises the monkeypox disease epidemiology, clinical features, therapies, vaccines and outlines the measures for preparedness and response for a possible outbreak. The disease is known to cause severe outcome in children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised hosts and this group need to be given special attention. The monkeypox disease outbreak (2022) in non-endemic countries should be used as an opportunity by India and other low and middle income countries to strengthen public health surveillance and health system capacity for outbreak and epidemic preparedness and response.
Topics: Child; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Humans; Mpox (monkeypox); Monkeypox virus; Pregnancy; Public Health; Public Health Surveillance
PubMed: 35762024
DOI: 10.1007/s13312-022-2578-2 -
EBioMedicine Jan 2023Human monkeypox is a viral zoonotic smallpox-like disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV) and has become the greatest public health threat in the genus... (Review)
Review
Human monkeypox is a viral zoonotic smallpox-like disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV) and has become the greatest public health threat in the genus Orthopoxvirus after smallpox was eradicated. The host immune response to MPXV plays an essential role in disease pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. MPXV infection leads to skin lesions with the genital area as the main feature in the current outbreak and triggers a strong immune response that results in sepsis, deep tissue abscess, severe respiratory disease, and injuries to multiple immune organs. Emerging evidence shows that the immunopathogenesis of MPXV infection is closely associated with impaired NK-cell function, lymphopenia, immune evasion, increased antibodies, increased blood monocytes and granulocytes, cytokine storm, inhibition of the host complement system, and antibody-dependent enhancement. In this overview, we discuss the immunopathology and immunopathogenesis of monkeypox to aid the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies against monkeypox.
Topics: Humans; Monkeypox virus; Mpox (monkeypox); Smallpox; Immunity
PubMed: 36584594
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104424 -
Annals of the Academy of Medicine,... Aug 2022
Topics: Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Mpox (monkeypox)
PubMed: 36047518
DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2022291 -
Italian Journal of Dermatology and... Feb 2023Monkeypox (MPX) is a human zoonotic disease due to Monkeypox virus. Morbidity and mortality are lower than in other Orthopox virus diseases, in particular smallpox. MPX...
Monkeypox (MPX) is a human zoonotic disease due to Monkeypox virus. Morbidity and mortality are lower than in other Orthopox virus diseases, in particular smallpox. MPX is an endemic disease of Western and Central Africa. However, a multi-country outbreak is currently taking place in many non-endemic countries. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of this epidemic appear peculiar, with significant differences compared to those of the endemic areas. In particular, it predominantly affects males having sex with males, and the route of sexual transmission appears to be particularly frequent. This has led to considerable media interest and concern among the population. Dermatologists are likely to be consulted frequently during the outbreak, especially for the differential diagnosis. Indeed, although MPX can affect various organs, the skin is constantly involved. Since the skin rash have different stages of development, MPX should be differentiate from several, common skin diseases, also because the systemic symptoms can be variable and of different severity. Therefore, dermatologists must be aware of the clinical characteristics of the disease and its management.
Topics: Humans; Male; Mpox (monkeypox); Dermatologists; Monkeypox virus; Skin; Awareness
PubMed: 36939499
DOI: 10.23736/S2784-8671.23.07448-0 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023On 23rd July 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) recognized the ongoing monkeypox outbreak as a public medical crisis. Monkeypox virus (MPV), the etiological agent... (Review)
Review
On 23rd July 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) recognized the ongoing monkeypox outbreak as a public medical crisis. Monkeypox virus (MPV), the etiological agent of monkeypox, is a zoonotic, linear, double-stranded DNA virus. In 1970, the Democratic Republic of the Congo reported the first case of MPV infection. Human-to-human transmission can happen through sexual contact, inhaled droplets, or skin-to-skin contact. Once inoculated, the viruses multiply rapidly and spread into the bloodstream to cause viremia, which then affect multiple organs, including the skin, gastrointestinal tract, genitals, lungs, and liver. By September 9, 2022, more than 57,000 cases had been reported in 103 locations, especially in Europe and the United States. Infected patients are characterized by physical symptoms such as red rash, fatigue, backache, muscle aches, headache, and fever. A variety of medical strategies are available for orthopoxviruses, including monkeypox. Monkeypox prevention following the smallpox vaccine has shown up to 85% efficacy, and several antiviral drugs, such as Cidofovir and Brincidofovir, may slow the viral spread. In this article, we review the origin, pathophysiology, global epidemiology, clinical manifestation, and possible treatments of MPV to prevent the propagation of the virus and provide cues to generate specific drugs.
Topics: Humans; Antigens, Viral; Antiviral Agents; Cidofovir; Mpox (monkeypox); Prevalence
PubMed: 37026012
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1132250