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International Journal of Infectious... Jul 2020Parasitic infections of the eye are a major cause of ocular-surface diseases globally. While most infections are treatable, parasites can cause varying levels of damage...
INTRODUCTION
Parasitic infections of the eye are a major cause of ocular-surface diseases globally. While most infections are treatable, parasites can cause varying levels of damage mostly due to late diagnosis or misdiagnosis as a result of doctors' unfamiliarity with their characteristics of latency and crypsis, as well as lack of awareness by the patients.
CASE REPORTS
In this study, we present three cases of phthiriasis palpebrarum, thelaziasis, and ophthalmomyiasis, respectively. Two of the cases were treated at the clinic and did not recur. One patient refused treatment and was lost to follow-up.
DISCUSSION
By evaluating the natural histories, morphology, symptoms, clinical findings, and treatment of these parasitic diseases, we systematically analyzed several distinct and unique parasite characteristics, especially latency and crypsis. Furthermore, we have proposed specific examination techniques and methods as well as prevention and treatment strategies from these specific perspectives, aiming to prompt timely diagnoses and early interventions for these diseases by health care workers and improve the public's awareness of parasitic infections.
CONCLUSION
Parasitosis on the ocular surface is a global infectious disease, and prevention strategies include maintaining personal and environmental hygiene and limiting contact with animals. We recommend that health care workers should enhance their ability to detect and diagnose these diseases while promoting the public's awareness of them in the context of our new perspectives.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Child; Delayed Diagnosis; Diagnostic Errors; Eye Infections, Parasitic; Eyelashes; Female; Humans; Lice Infestations; Male; Middle Aged; Myiasis; Phthirus; Recurrence; Spirurida Infections; Thelazioidea
PubMed: 32447120
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.061 -
Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia... 2022Giant otters are territorial semi-aquatic mammals. It is common to find several individuals exhibiting wounds and scars due to intraspecific conflicts. Myiasis is a...
Giant otters are territorial semi-aquatic mammals. It is common to find several individuals exhibiting wounds and scars due to intraspecific conflicts. Myiasis is a parasitic infestation on living tissues of vertebrates caused by dipterous larvae, that usually develops in freshly open wounds and can seriously threaten the host's health. Ectoparasites seem to be rare among giant otters and myiasis had not been recorded in this species until now. Here, is presented one record of myiasis in a free-ranging giant otter found dead in the Pantanal, Brazil. An ulcerative lesion was found in the frontoparietal region, from which 22 larvae were recovered and identified as Cochliomyia hominivorax. The low occurrence of ectoparasites in giant otters might reflect their semi-aquatic habits and their grooming behavior, which makes it difficult for parasites to remain on the skin. The injured otter probably got the larvae after an intraspecific fight. Agonistic encounters between groups of giant otters have been reported before and these fights can result in serious wounds or even death. It was hypothesized that the myiasis caused by C. hominivorax deteriorated the health of the infested giant otter, which prevented recovery and accelerated its death.
Topics: Animals; Otters; Myiasis; Skin; Larva; Brazil
PubMed: 36417628
DOI: 10.1590/S1984-29612022058 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Mar 2017
Topics: Animals; Diptera; Female; Humans; Larva; Middle Aged; Myiasis; Skin
PubMed: 28355510
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm1609697 -
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology : KJO Dec 1999Myiasis is most prevalent in Mexico, central and south America, tropical Africa, and the southwestern United States. Although dermal myiasis is rare in most of the...
Myiasis is most prevalent in Mexico, central and south America, tropical Africa, and the southwestern United States. Although dermal myiasis is rare in most of the United States, it is a disorder that may be seen in international travelers. In the United States, external myiasis is usually caused by the cattle botfly. We report here a case of ophthalmomyiasis involving the left upper eyelid of a child. We examined a six-year-old boy who presented to the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (MEEI) in September 1998. He complained of persistent swelling of his left upper eyelid for the previous ten days. The edema and erythema were unresponsive to warm compresses and oral antibiotics. Ocular examination revealed a mild preseptal cellulitis of the left upper eyelid with a small draining fistula. On slit-lamp examination, we found one larva protruding intermittently from the fistula site. The larva was extracted with forceps, wrapped in a moist towel and sent in a jar to the parasitology laboratory. The specimen was identified as a Cuterebra larva by a parasitologist at the Harvard School of Public Health. One week later, the patient's eyelid edema and erythema had completely resolved.
Topics: Animals; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Diptera; Eye Infections, Parasitic; Eyelid Diseases; Eyelids; Humans; Larva; Male; Myiasis
PubMed: 10761413
DOI: 10.3341/kjo.1999.13.2.138 -
Revue Medicale de Liege Mar 1948
Topics: Humans; Myiasis
PubMed: 18862871
DOI: No ID Found -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Jan 2022Cerebral myiasis is extremely rare, and surgical intervention is the primary treatment used. Successful conservative management alone, without surgical removal of the... (Review)
Review
Cerebral myiasis is extremely rare, and surgical intervention is the primary treatment used. Successful conservative management alone, without surgical removal of the brain infestation has not yet been published. We report a case of a 24-year-old African homeless man who was found on the street in a state of decreased level of consciousness, with larvae exiting from the left supra and postauricular dirty wounds and from his left ear. The patient was diagnosed with post-traumatic cerebral myiasis of the left temporal lobe and cerebellum. It was treated successfully by debridement of the external wounds and administration of antibiotics, without surgical removal of the brain infestations. For the first time, this case illustrates the novelty and appropriateness of the conservative management of cerebral myiasis. This is also the first report of cerebral myiasis with cerebellar involvement and the second report of post-traumatic cerebral myiasis in literature.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Brain; Conservative Treatment; Ear; Humans; Larva; Male; Myiasis; Young Adult
PubMed: 35099460
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.2189 -
Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Dec 2021Nasal myiasis is a rare parasitic disease. The growth of myiasis in the nasal cavity causes damage to the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Once the dipeterous larvae... (Review)
Review
Nasal myiasis is a rare parasitic disease. The growth of myiasis in the nasal cavity causes damage to the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Once the dipeterous larvae are migrated, it causes damage to the surrounding structures such as eyes and skull cavity. Proper treatment and active prevention and control can reduce and avoid the occurrence of serious complications. On May 14, 2020, a patient with cerebral infarction and coma was admitted to Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and developed nasal myiasis. During the treatment of the primary disease, the patient was found to be infected with rhinomyiasis. The patient was treated with dehydration, cranial pressure reduction, brain protection, blood glucose control, blood pressure control, and anti-infection. Nasal endoscopy and nasal irrigation were carried out to treat nasal myiasis. The patient was properly placed and isolated for prevention and control so as to prevent the spread of myiasis in the ward. After 16 days, the patient regained consciousness, no worm was found in the nasal cavity, and was discharged from the hospital. The patient was followed-up for 6 months, no maggots were found in the nasal cavity of the patients, no complaints of nasal discomfort was occurred, and no other patients and medical staff were infected with myiasis. The prevention of myiasis is very important, and proper measures should be taken to reduce the risk of community and hospital infection.
Topics: Consciousness; Humans; Myiasis; Nasal Cavity; Nose; Paranasal Sinuses
PubMed: 35232917
DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2021.210152 -
Medecine Tropicale Et Sante... Jun 2023Muscoid larvae were observed on self-medicated dressing material loaded with purulent material taken from a 91-year-old hospital patient. These larvae were identified as...
Muscoid larvae were observed on self-medicated dressing material loaded with purulent material taken from a 91-year-old hospital patient. These larvae were identified as However, no larvae were found in the patient's tissues. The observation of larvae on dressings should not automatically lead to a diagnosis of cutaneous myiasis.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Aged, 80 and over; Diptera; Myiasis; Larva; Bandages; Blindness
PubMed: 37525680
DOI: 10.48327/mtsi.v3i2.2023.370 -
International Journal of Infectious... Sep 2022Myiasis refers to infestation of living animals or humans by maggots or fly larvae. Urogenital myiasis is a rare condition that is linked to poor sanitary conditions and...
Myiasis refers to infestation of living animals or humans by maggots or fly larvae. Urogenital myiasis is a rare condition that is linked to poor sanitary conditions and limited access to healthcare and with few published case reports. Here, we describe the case of a 67-year-old homeless woman with multiple comorbidities, who presented with extensive vaginal myiasis requiring inpatient management with ivermectin, ceftriaxone, and metronidazole and daily larvae extraction and debridement. The relevance of this case is providing a report of a successful management with ivermectin of a case of severe vaginal myiasis. Severe cases of vaginal myiasis can require repeated debridement of necrotic tissue and systemic antibiotics in addition to antiparasitic medication. People living under poor sanitary conditions and with poor hygienic practices are at increased risk for severe vaginal myiasis.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Antiparasitic Agents; Female; Humans; Ivermectin; Larva; Myiasis; Vagina
PubMed: 35718295
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.06.021 -
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 2023
Topics: Humans; Animals; Female; Child; Male; Myiasis; Diptera; Fathers; Larva
PubMed: 37956728
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102670