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Journal of Thoracic Disease Feb 2022The current COVID-19 pandemic is posing a major challenge to public health on a global scale. While it is generally believed that severe COVID-19 results from...
BACKGROUND
The current COVID-19 pandemic is posing a major challenge to public health on a global scale. While it is generally believed that severe COVID-19 results from over-expression of inflammatory mediators (i.e., a "cytokine storm"), it is still unclear whether and how co-infecting pathogens contribute to disease pathogenesis. To address this, we followed the entire course of the disease in cases with severe or critical COVID-19 to determine the presence and abundance of all potential pathogens present-the total "infectome"-and how they interact with the host immune system in the context of severe COVID-19.
METHODS
We examined one severe and three critical cases of COVID-19, as well as a set of healthy controls, with longitudinal samples (throat swab, whole blood, and serum) collected from each case. Total RNA sequencing (meta-transcriptomics) was performed to simultaneously investigate pathogen diversity and abundance, as well as host immune responses, in each sample. A Bio-Plex method was used to measure serum cytokine and chemokine levels.
RESULTS
Eight pathogens, SARS-CoV-2, (), (), (), (), , herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human cytomegalovirus (CMV), identified in patients with COVID-19 appeared at different stages of the disease. The dynamics of inflammatory mediators in serum and the respiratory tract were more strongly associated with the dynamics of the infectome compared with SARS-CoV-2 alone. Correlation analysis revealed that pulmonary injury was directly associated with cytokine levels, which in turn were associated with the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 and co-infecting pathogens.
CONCLUSIONS
For each patient, the cytokine storm that resulted in acute lung injury and death involved a dynamic and highly complex infectome, of which SARS-CoV-2 was a component. These results indicate the need for a precision medicine approach to investigate both the infection and host response as a standard means of infectious disease characterization.
PubMed: 35280492
DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-1284 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2019The black blow fly, Phormia regina (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is one of the most abundant carrion flies in North America. Calliphorids are important in...
The black blow fly, Phormia regina (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is one of the most abundant carrion flies in North America. Calliphorids are important in agriculture and animal production, veterinary sciences, forensics and medical entomology. While the role of flies in the epidemiology of human and animal diseases is an active area of research, little is known about the microorganisms associated with these insects. We examined the diversity of wild-caught black blow fly endogenous (internal body) and exogenous (external body) microbial communities using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Overall, 27 phyla, 171 families and 533 genera were detected, and diversity was significantly higher (P < 0.05) on external body surfaces. At the genus level, Dysgonomonas, Ignatzschineria, Acinetobacter, Vagococcus, Myroides, and Wohlfahrtiimonas were predominant. Cloning and sequencing of nearly full-length fragments of the 16S rRNA gene showed that some of the species identified are known to be pathogenic to humans, animals, and plants. Myroides odoratimimus and Acinetobacter radioresistens are well-known, multi-drug resistant bacteria. These results provide a snapshot of the microbial communities harbored by adult black blow flies and call for more comprehensive studies to better characterize the role these flies may play in the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms.
Topics: Animals; Biodiversity; Diptera; Farms; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Microbiota; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 31889104
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56733-z -
Journal of Food Protection Apr 2023In Mexico, bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) are produced as gourmet food. However, bullfrogs can be carriers of pathogens because the frogs' preferred living...
In Mexico, bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) are produced as gourmet food. However, bullfrogs can be carriers of pathogens because the frogs' preferred living conditions occur in stagnant water. The present study aimed to identify bacteria that cause foodborne diseases or are associated with human diseases. For molecular identification, based on the sequential analysis by 16S rRNA or rpoD was conducted on all isolates obtained from bullfrog. A total of 91 bacterial isolates were obtained from bullfrogs; 14 genera and 23 species were identified, including Acinetobacter johnsonii 16.5%; Aeromonas media 14.3%; Aeromonas veronii 13.2%; Providencia rettgeri 7.7%; Citrobacter freundii 6.6%; Aeromonas caviae 4.4%; Aeromonas hydrophila and Elizabethkingia ursingii 3.3%; Pseudomonas stutzeri, Raoultella ornithinolytica, and Shewanella putrefaciens 2.2%; Acinetobacter guillouiae, Acinetobacter pseudolwoffii, Citrobacter portucalensis, Citrobacter werkmanii, Edwardsiella anguillarum, Klebsiella michiganensis, Kluyvera intermedia, Kocuria rosea, Myroides odoratimimus, Myroides odoratus, Proteus sp., and Proteus hauseri 1.1%. In this study, 49.4% of the isolates obtained cause foodborne disease, 19.8% are bacteria that play an important role in the spoilage of food, 5.5% of isolates have nosocomial significance, 13.2% of bacteria are considered to be pollutants of the ecosystem, and in the case of A. salmonicida and Edwardsiella anguillarum (12.1%) to have a negative impact on aquaculture. Acinetobacter pseudolwoffii and Citrobacter portucalensis have not been reported to cause disease. Lastly of these isolates, 97.8% (89/91) can cause disease by food consumption or by direct contact for immunocompromised persons. The presence of these bacteria in bullfrogs represents a significant problem for human health. There is evidence that these microorganisms are pathogenic and frogs may also be reservoirs.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Rana catesbeiana; Ecosystem; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Foodborne Diseases
PubMed: 36948016
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100067 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2023Intracranial infections are the most serious and common postoperative complications with significant mortality and morbidity. , a Gram-negative environmental species and...
Intracranial infections are the most serious and common postoperative complications with significant mortality and morbidity. , a Gram-negative environmental species and an opportunistic microorganism, predominantly infects immunocompromised individuals. Limited clinical experiences and documented multidrug resistance have resulted in a scarcity of data on the treatment of infections. As far as we know, this is the first reported case of an intracranial infection with external ventricular drains (EVD) that was effectively treated with a combination of intravenous and intraventricular tigecycline in an immunocompetent adult host.
PubMed: 37034395
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S403088 -
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Dec 2022
Topics: Humans; Flavobacteriaceae; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 36183239
DOI: 10.37201/req/045.2022 -
Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection... 2018spp. are common environmental organisms and they can be isolated predominantly in water, soil, food and in sewage treatment plants. In the last two decades, an...
BACKGROUND
spp. are common environmental organisms and they can be isolated predominantly in water, soil, food and in sewage treatment plants. In the last two decades, an increasing number of infections such as urinary tract infections and skin and soft tissue infections, caused by these microorganisms has been reported. Selection of appropriate antibiotic therapy to treat the infections caused by . is difficult due to the production of a biofilm and the organism's intrinsic resistance to many antibiotic classes.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report the case of a 69-year-old immunocompromised patient who presented with repeated episodes of macroscopic haematuria, from Northern Italy.A midstream urine sample cultured a Gram negative rod in significant amounts (> 10 colony-forming units (cfu)/mL), which was identified as The patient was successfully treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole after antibiotic susceptibility testing confirmed its activity.
CONCLUSION
This case underlines the emergence of multidrug resistant spp. which are ubiquitous in the environment and it demands that clinicians should be more mindful about the role played by atypical pathogens, which may harbour or express multidrug resistant characteristics, in immunocompromised patients or where there is a failure of empiric antimicrobial therapy.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Flavobacteriaceae; Flavobacteriaceae Infections; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 30094005
DOI: 10.1186/s13756-018-0391-4 -
Cureus Jul 2023In daily medical practice, there exist multidrug resistance bacteria that are not widely recognized. One example of that is the , a Gram-negative bacillus causing skin,...
In daily medical practice, there exist multidrug resistance bacteria that are not widely recognized. One example of that is the , a Gram-negative bacillus causing skin, urinary, and bloodstream infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. In recent years, multiple cases of difficult hospital management have been reported. Currently, there are no specific guidelines for the prevention and treatment of this infection. This case report presents a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus with a severe skin infection caused by this microorganism. This is the first case report in Peru of a severe skin infection related to bacteremia.
PubMed: 37539412
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41328 -
International Journal of Clinical and... 2015The aim of this study was to investigate the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of usage and normal concentrations of electrolyzed water in hospital. In our study, the...
The aim of this study was to investigate the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of usage and normal concentrations of electrolyzed water in hospital. In our study, the effects of different concentrations of electrolyzed water named Envirolyte® (Industries International Ltd., Estonia) on two gram positive, four gram negative standard strains and clinical isolates of four gram negative, two gram positive, one spore-forming bacillus and Myroides spp strains that lead to hospital infections were researched. The effects of different concentrations and different contact times of Envirolyte® electrolyzed water on cited strains were researched through method of qualitative suspension tests. Petri dishes fo bacteria have been incubated at 37°C 48 hours. Bactericidal disinfectant was interpreted to be effective at the end of the period due to the lack of growth. Solutions to which disinfectant were not added were prepared with an eye to control reproduction and controlcultures were made by using neutralizing agents. 1/1, 1/2, and 1/10 concentrations of Envirolyte® electrolyzed water were found to be effective on the bacteria that lead to hospital infections used during all test times. As a conclusion, based upon the results we acquired, it was observed that Envirolyte® electrolyzed water of 100% concentration would be convenient to be used for disinfection when diluted to a usage concentration of 1/10.
PubMed: 26379964
DOI: No ID Found -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2022Storage temperature is considered one of the most important factors that affect the microbial spoilage of fresh meat. Chilling and superchilling are the most popular...
Storage temperature is considered one of the most important factors that affect the microbial spoilage of fresh meat. Chilling and superchilling are the most popular storage techniques on the market, but during transportation, the temperature may reach 10 °C and may even reach room temperature during local retail storage. In the present study, we stored fresh pork meat at different temperatures, -2 °C, 4 °C, 10 °C, and 25 °C. The composition and functional potential of fresh or spoiled meat resident microbes were analyzed based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The microbial composition exhibited high similarity between pork meat stored at -2 °C and 4 °C, with and being the dominant taxa. sp., sp., and sp. were markers for spoiled pork meat stored at 25 °C. Both psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria were observed to grow under a storage temperature of 10 °C, but the overall composition and functional potential based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were found to be similar to that of meat stored at room temperature. Our results broaden the knowledge of possible microbial changes in pork meat during storage, transportation, or retail.
PubMed: 35954075
DOI: 10.3390/foods11152307 -
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2014Myroides spp and Chryseobacterium spp are uncommon clinical isolates, though more frequently reported to cause infections than other pigmented non-fermentors. Two cases...
Myroides spp and Chryseobacterium spp are uncommon clinical isolates, though more frequently reported to cause infections than other pigmented non-fermentors. Two cases of Myroides odoratus and Chryseobacterium indologenes infection in a diabetic with pulmonary tuberculosis and a patient with de-compensated alcoholic liver disease, respectively, are reported here. Anti-microbial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration. The clinical picture, characteristic features of the isolates and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern are discussed briefly.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chryseobacterium; Female; Flavobacteriaceae; Flavobacteriaceae Infections; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged
PubMed: 25008832
DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.136592