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PloS One 2020The creation of species-specific valid tools for pain assessment is essential to recognize pain and determine the requirement and efficacy of analgesic treatments. This...
The creation of species-specific valid tools for pain assessment is essential to recognize pain and determine the requirement and efficacy of analgesic treatments. This study aimed to assess behaviour and investigate the validity and reliability of an acute pain scale in pigs undergoing orchiectomy. Forty-five pigs aged 38±3 days were castrated under local anaesthesia. Behaviour was video-recorded 30 minutes before and intermittently up to 24 hours after castration. Edited footage (before surgery, after surgery before and after rescue analgesia, and 24 hours postoperatively) was analysed twice (one month apart) by one observer who was present during video-recording (in-person researcher) and three blinded observers. Statistical analysis was performed using R software and differences were considered significant when p<0.05. Intra and inter-observer agreement, based on intra-class correlation coefficient, was good or very good between most observers (>0.60), except between observers 1 and 3 (moderate agreement 0.57). The scale was unidimensional according to principal component analysis. The scale showed acceptable item-total Spearman correlation, excellent predictive and concurrent criterion validity (Spearman correlation ≥ 0.85 between the proposed scale versus visual analogue, numerical rating, and simple descriptive scales), internal consistency (Cronbach's α coefficient >0.80 for all items), responsiveness (the pain scores of all items of the scale increased after castration and decreased after intervention analgesia according to Friedman test), and specificity (> 95%). Sensitivity was good or excellent for most of the items. The optimal cut-off point for rescue analgesia was ≥ 6 of 18. Discriminatory ability was excellent for all observers according to the area under the curve (>0.95). The proposed scale is a reliable and valid instrument and may be used clinically and experimentally to assess postoperative acute pain in pigs. The well-defined cut-off point supports the evaluator´s decision to provide or not analgesia.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Male; Observer Variation; Orchiectomy; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Principal Component Analysis; Software; Swine
PubMed: 32480399
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233552 -
International Journal of Surgery... Dec 2023Testis-sparing surgery (TSS) is a safe treatment for patients with benign testicular tumors. Presently, assessments for evaluating the suitability of TSS are poorly...
BACKGROUND
Testis-sparing surgery (TSS) is a safe treatment for patients with benign testicular tumors. Presently, assessments for evaluating the suitability of TSS are poorly standardized, partially because testicular anatomical elements cannot be quantitatively described.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The authors developed a scoring method known as the SAVE testis-sparing score based on four critical and accessible anatomical features of a testicular tumor. The SAVE score ranges from 0 to 8 and is divided into four risk classes ( low , medium , high , and extremely high ) to evaluate the feasibility of TSS, wherein low-risk indicates high feasibility and vice versa. This study included 444 testicular tumor patients from eight centers. Among them, 216 patients (model group: 151 patients, validation group: 65 patients) were included in the modeling analysis, and the other 228 patients from children's centers were included in the proportion analysis. Using retrospective data, patient characteristics associated with surgical methods were identified. Furthermore, a multivariate logistic regression model was built quantify the associations between these characteristics and the surgery method. The receiver operator characteristic curve was used to evaluate the classification efficiency of SAVE.
RESULTS
The SAVE testis-sparing score includes size (tumor size as maximal diameter), available testicular tissue volume, volume ratio of the tumor to the testis, and the exophytic / endophytic properties of the tumor. The SAVE scoring system accurately classified the suitability of TSS based on the complexity of benign testicular tumors.
CONCLUSION
The SAVE score is a reproducible and robust tool for quantitatively describing the anatomical characteristics of benign testicular tumors and guide the preoperative evaluation of TSS.
Topics: Male; Child; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Orchiectomy; Organ Sparing Treatments; Testicular Neoplasms
PubMed: 37738014
DOI: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000000752 -
Urology Journal May 2019to evaluate the feasibility of cytoreductive radical prostatectomy (RP), lymphadenectomy, and bilateral orchiectomy in patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) with...
Cytoreductive and Palliative Radical Prostatectomy, Extended Lymphadenectomy and Bilateral Orchiectomy in Advanced Prostate Cancer with Oligo and Widespread Bone Metastases: Result of a Feasibility, Our Initial Experience.
PURPOSE
to evaluate the feasibility of cytoreductive radical prostatectomy (RP), lymphadenectomy, and bilateral orchiectomy in patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) with oligo- and poly-metastases. Furthermore, the functional and oncological outcomes of these patients in comparison with the control group that underwent treatment only with systemic therapy (ST group) is investigated in a well-selected, prospective cohort study. Material and methods: A total of 26 patients were enrolled in CRP (cytoreductive radical prostatectomy) group and 23 patients in ST group. The patients have been followed (9 to 43 months(median:19.5)) with PSA (prostate specific antigen), whole body bone scan and other necessary imaging and laboratory tests. Functional and oncological outcomes were compared between two groups.
RESULTS
Biochemical relapse was occurred in 9 patients (34.6%) in CRP group and in 17 patients (73.9%) in ST group (p=0.01). Whole-body bone scans showed reduced metastasis volume occurred more in CRP group (p=0.003). There was no voiding dysfunction in 22 patients in CRP group post-operatively (84.6%), while in ST group trans-urethral resection of prostate or permanent Foley catheter was needed in 8 patients (34.7%) and bilateral percutaneous nephrostomy was done in one. six patients in CRP group (23%) and eight patients in ST group (34.7%) were expired because of prostate cancer and there was no difference between cancer specific survival between two groups (p=0.975).
CONCLUSION
Although surgery doesn't improve cancer specific survival in patients with skeletal metastatic prostate cancer in the short term, but offers better local control, improves biochemical relapse-free survival, might prevent excessive interventions, reduce bone pain and metastasis.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures; Feasibility Studies; Humans; Lymph Node Excision; Male; Middle Aged; Orchiectomy; Palliative Care; Prospective Studies; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 30393838
DOI: 10.22037/uj.v0i0.4783 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Dec 2017
Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Diagnosis, Differential; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Electrocardiography; Fatal Outcome; Gastric Dilatation; Lethargy; Male; Orchiectomy; Stomach Volvulus; Tachycardia, Supraventricular; Vomiting
PubMed: 29190199
DOI: 10.2460/javma.251.12.1383 -
International Braz J Urol : Official... 2021The aim of this paper is to propose a modified surgical technique for immediate intravaginal prosthesis implantation in patients undergoing orchiectomy due to testicular...
PURPOSE
The aim of this paper is to propose a modified surgical technique for immediate intravaginal prosthesis implantation in patients undergoing orchiectomy due to testicular torsion, and to evaluate the wound healing process and patient's satisfaction.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We prospectively analyzed 137 patients with testicular torsion admitted to our facility between April 2018 and May 2020. Twenty-five patients who underwent orchiectomy were included in this study. Fifteen had a testicular prosthesis implanted at the same time as orchiectomy using a modified intravaginal technique (summary figure) and 10 received implants 6 to 12 months after orchiectomy. Wound healing was evaluated at a minimum of four checkpoints (on days 15, 45, 90 and 180 after surgery). At the end of the study, a questionnaire was administered to measure patients' satisfaction rate. Student's t test was used for comparison of quantitative data between negative vs. positive cultures (p<0.05). The chi-square test was used to verify associations between categorical variables and immediate vs. late prosthesis implantation (p <0.05).
RESULTS
Patient's ages ranged from 13 to 23 years (mean 16.44 years). Overall time lapse from symptoms to orchiectomy ranged from 10 hours to 25 days (mean 7.92 days). Only one extrusion occurred and it happened in the late implant group. All wounds were healed in 72%, 88%, 95.8% and 100% of the cases on the 15th, 45th, 90th and 180th days after implant, respectively. At the end of the study, all patients stated they would recommend it to a friend or relative. The only patient that had prothesis extrusion asked to have it implanted again.
CONCLUSION
There was no prosthesis extrusion using the modified intravaginal surgical technique for immediate testicular prosthesis implantation, which proved to be an easily performed and safe procedure that can avoid further reconstructive surgery in patients whose testicle was removed due to testicular torsion.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Humans; Male; Orchiectomy; Prostheses and Implants; Prosthesis Implantation; Retrospective Studies; Spermatic Cord Torsion; Testis; Young Adult
PubMed: 34469675
DOI: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2021.9917 -
Animal : An International Journal of... Apr 2021Castration is a common practice in Iberian pigs due to their advanced age and high weight at slaughter. Immunocastration (IC) is an alternative to surgical castration...
Castration is a common practice in Iberian pigs due to their advanced age and high weight at slaughter. Immunocastration (IC) is an alternative to surgical castration that influences carcass and cut fatness. These traits need to be evaluated in vivo and postmortem. The aims of the present work were (a) to determine the relationship between ham composition measured with computed tomography (CT) and in vivo ultrasound (US) and carcass fat thickness measurements, (b) to apply these technologies to early (EIP) and late (LIP) immunocastrated Iberian pigs in order to evaluate carcass fatness and ham tissue composition and (c) to assess meat quality on these animals and to find the relationships between meat quality traits (namely, intramuscular fat (IMF)) and fat depot thicknesses. For this purpose, 20 purebred Iberian pigs were immunocastrated with three doses of Improvac ®, at either 4.5, 5.5 and 9 or 11, 12 and 14 months of age (EIP or LIP; respectively; n = 10 each) and slaughtered at 17 months of age. Fat depots were evaluated in vivo by US, in carcass with a ruler and in hams by CT. Carcass and cut yields, loin meat quality and loin acceptability by consumers were determined. Also, IMF was determined in the loin and three muscles of the ham. Carcass weight was 14.9 kg heavier in EIP vs LIP, and loin backfat thickness (US- and ruler-measured) was also greater in EIP. Similarly, CT-evaluated ham bone and fat contents were greater and smaller for EIP vs LIP, respectively. Loin and ham IMF were also greater in EIP, but the other meat quality parameters were similar. The acceptability of meat by consumers was high and it did not differ between IC protocols. Correlations between several fat depots measured with the different technologies were high. In conclusion, all these technologies allowed fat depot measurements, which were highly correlated despite being obtained at different anatomical locations.
Topics: Animals; Body Composition; Body Weight; Male; Meat; Orchiectomy; Phenotype; Pork Meat; Swine
PubMed: 33637441
DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100189 -
International Braz J Urol : Official... 2008
Topics: Female; Hot Flashes; Humans; Male; Orchiectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prostatism; Prostatitis; Urinary Incontinence, Stress; Urology; Vagina
PubMed: 18341714
DOI: 10.1590/s1677-55382008000100001 -
Human Pathology Sep 2022Gender affirmation surgery performed for gender dysphoria is increasing to instigate changes more closely approximating gender identity. We investigated the...
Gender affirmation surgery performed for gender dysphoria is increasing to instigate changes more closely approximating gender identity. We investigated the clinicopathologic features of gender-affirming orchiectomies performed at our institution and devised a grossing protocol for these increasingly encountered specimens. We obtained 45 orchiectomies from 23 patients and reviewed clinicopathologic features. The number of sections per case was noted and reviewed to devise an optimal grossing protocol to assess pathologic findings. Twenty-three patients had bilateral orchiectomy with 1 unilateral. The average patient age was 39.4 years (range, 21-71 years); all received hormones for a mean of 66.1 months (range, 12-348 months). The average number of slides per orchiectomy was 8 slides (range, 1-11). Aspermatogenesis occurred in 32 (71%), hypospermatogenesis in 8 (18%), and normal spermatogenesis in 5 (11%) testes. Twenty-five (56%) exhibited scattered cells with nuclear cytomegaly, concerning for germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS), but OCT4 negative. Six (13%) had multinucleated stromal cells. Leydig cells were markedly reduced/absent in 38 testes (85%). Epithelial hyperplasia was identified in 15 rete testes (33%) and 24 epididymes (53%), while 18 (40%) showed periepididymal muscular hyperplasia. All findings were identified in the initial 2 slides including rete testis/epididymis, except for 3 cases, missing only focal tubular sclerosis. Despite all received treatment, only a subset showed changes of exogenous hormone therapy. The presence of nuclear cytomegaly can mimic GCNIS and may be a potential pitfall. Two sections to include rete testis/epididymis and a third of cord margin are sufficient to identify the relevant pathology and germ cell tumors overall are uncommon in orchiectomies performed for gender affirmation.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Gender Identity; Hormones; Humans; Hyperplasia; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Orchiectomy; Rete Testis; Young Adult
PubMed: 35660072
DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.05.017 -
Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons... Nov 2005
Topics: Humans; Male; Orchiectomy; Spermatic Cord; Testicular Neoplasms
PubMed: 16263032
DOI: 10.1308/003588405X71216 -
British Medical Journal Jul 1965
Topics: Castration; Cryptorchidism; Humans; Male; Orchiectomy
PubMed: 14304066
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5454.169-b