-
Journal of the American Veterinary... Dec 2017
Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Diagnosis, Differential; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Electrocardiography; Fatal Outcome; Gastric Dilatation; Lethargy; Male; Orchiectomy; Stomach Volvulus; Tachycardia, Supraventricular; Vomiting
PubMed: 29190199
DOI: 10.2460/javma.251.12.1383 -
Journal of Animal Science Dec 2022To determine the effects of castration on growth performance, serum hormone levels, cecal microbiota composition, and metabolites in cattle. A total of 18 Holstein bulls...
To determine the effects of castration on growth performance, serum hormone levels, cecal microbiota composition, and metabolites in cattle. A total of 18 Holstein bulls and steers were divided into bull and steer groups and randomly assigned to 3 pens (3 cattle per pen, and each cattle were separated by a fence) to determine the average daily gain (ADG), daily dry matter intake (DMI), and feed efficiency (G/F). After the finishing trial, six cattle per group were randomly slaughtered. Serum was collected to measure the hormone concentration, and the cecal content was collected to measure the pH, short-chain fatty acids, and digestive enzyme activities. Metagenome sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were used to investigate the microbiota composition, functional profiles, and differential metabolites of the cecal contents. We found that castration significantly decreased ADG, DMI, and G/F in cattle (P < 0.05). The serum testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone (P < 0.05), and triiodothyronine (P < 0.01) concentrations significantly decreased in the steer group when compared to those of the bull group. The activities of cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase (P < 0.05) significantly decreased in the steer group, whereas the activities of lipase and α-amylase significantly increased. Moreover, castration significantly decreased the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_bacterium, Treponema_porcinum, Oscillibacter_sp. (P < 0.05), and Alistipes_senegalensis (P < 0.01), whereas the relative abundance of Phocaeicola_plebeius (P < 0.05) was significantly increased. Also, the relative abundance of Phocaeicola_plebeius was negatively correlated with testosterone levels, and the function of the cecal microbiota was enriched in the GH29 and GH97 families in the steer group. Metabolomic analysis indicated that castration increased the levels of L-valine, L-phenylalanine, L-aspartic acid, L-isoleucine, L-lysine, methionine, L-glutamic acid, and L-leucine, while decreasing the levels of α-ketoglutaric acid through the 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism pathway. In addition, α-ketoglutaric acid was negatively correlated with Oscillibacter_sp. (P < 0.01). Overall, castration can inhibit cattle growth by altering the composition of the cecal microbiota. Therefore, this study provides a theoretical and practical basis for improving the growth performance of steers.
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Male; Animal Feed; Ketoglutaric Acids; Orchiectomy; Methionine; Testosterone; Body Composition; Diet
PubMed: 36326798
DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac367 -
Journal of Pediatric Urology Dec 2013Testicular torsion is one of the few emergencies in pediatric urology which requires an accurate and timely diagnosis in order to avoid testis loss. It is not an... (Review)
Review
Testicular torsion is one of the few emergencies in pediatric urology which requires an accurate and timely diagnosis in order to avoid testis loss. It is not an uncommon event affecting a young male population. In fact, testicular torsion is more common than testicular tumors for this same age group, yet testicular torsion has not been given the public attention it deserves as a male health risk. In this review we highlight the new information published over the past four years regarding testicular torsion. We will discuss a variety of topics associated with torsion including: medical legal issues, etiology and genetics, imaging diagnostics, innovative surgical techniques, management controversies, fertility, and new drug therapies.
Topics: Child; Fertility; Humans; Male; Orchiectomy; Orchiopexy; Pediatrics; Spermatic Cord Torsion
PubMed: 23044376
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2012.08.012 -
Animal : An International Journal of... Apr 2021Castration is a common practice in Iberian pigs due to their advanced age and high weight at slaughter. Immunocastration (IC) is an alternative to surgical castration...
Castration is a common practice in Iberian pigs due to their advanced age and high weight at slaughter. Immunocastration (IC) is an alternative to surgical castration that influences carcass and cut fatness. These traits need to be evaluated in vivo and postmortem. The aims of the present work were (a) to determine the relationship between ham composition measured with computed tomography (CT) and in vivo ultrasound (US) and carcass fat thickness measurements, (b) to apply these technologies to early (EIP) and late (LIP) immunocastrated Iberian pigs in order to evaluate carcass fatness and ham tissue composition and (c) to assess meat quality on these animals and to find the relationships between meat quality traits (namely, intramuscular fat (IMF)) and fat depot thicknesses. For this purpose, 20 purebred Iberian pigs were immunocastrated with three doses of Improvac ®, at either 4.5, 5.5 and 9 or 11, 12 and 14 months of age (EIP or LIP; respectively; n = 10 each) and slaughtered at 17 months of age. Fat depots were evaluated in vivo by US, in carcass with a ruler and in hams by CT. Carcass and cut yields, loin meat quality and loin acceptability by consumers were determined. Also, IMF was determined in the loin and three muscles of the ham. Carcass weight was 14.9 kg heavier in EIP vs LIP, and loin backfat thickness (US- and ruler-measured) was also greater in EIP. Similarly, CT-evaluated ham bone and fat contents were greater and smaller for EIP vs LIP, respectively. Loin and ham IMF were also greater in EIP, but the other meat quality parameters were similar. The acceptability of meat by consumers was high and it did not differ between IC protocols. Correlations between several fat depots measured with the different technologies were high. In conclusion, all these technologies allowed fat depot measurements, which were highly correlated despite being obtained at different anatomical locations.
Topics: Animals; Body Composition; Body Weight; Male; Meat; Orchiectomy; Phenotype; Pork Meat; Swine
PubMed: 33637441
DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100189 -
Urology Journal May 2019to evaluate the feasibility of cytoreductive radical prostatectomy (RP), lymphadenectomy, and bilateral orchiectomy in patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) with...
Cytoreductive and Palliative Radical Prostatectomy, Extended Lymphadenectomy and Bilateral Orchiectomy in Advanced Prostate Cancer with Oligo and Widespread Bone Metastases: Result of a Feasibility, Our Initial Experience.
PURPOSE
to evaluate the feasibility of cytoreductive radical prostatectomy (RP), lymphadenectomy, and bilateral orchiectomy in patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) with oligo- and poly-metastases. Furthermore, the functional and oncological outcomes of these patients in comparison with the control group that underwent treatment only with systemic therapy (ST group) is investigated in a well-selected, prospective cohort study. Material and methods: A total of 26 patients were enrolled in CRP (cytoreductive radical prostatectomy) group and 23 patients in ST group. The patients have been followed (9 to 43 months(median:19.5)) with PSA (prostate specific antigen), whole body bone scan and other necessary imaging and laboratory tests. Functional and oncological outcomes were compared between two groups.
RESULTS
Biochemical relapse was occurred in 9 patients (34.6%) in CRP group and in 17 patients (73.9%) in ST group (p=0.01). Whole-body bone scans showed reduced metastasis volume occurred more in CRP group (p=0.003). There was no voiding dysfunction in 22 patients in CRP group post-operatively (84.6%), while in ST group trans-urethral resection of prostate or permanent Foley catheter was needed in 8 patients (34.7%) and bilateral percutaneous nephrostomy was done in one. six patients in CRP group (23%) and eight patients in ST group (34.7%) were expired because of prostate cancer and there was no difference between cancer specific survival between two groups (p=0.975).
CONCLUSION
Although surgery doesn't improve cancer specific survival in patients with skeletal metastatic prostate cancer in the short term, but offers better local control, improves biochemical relapse-free survival, might prevent excessive interventions, reduce bone pain and metastasis.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures; Feasibility Studies; Humans; Lymph Node Excision; Male; Middle Aged; Orchiectomy; Palliative Care; Prospective Studies; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 30393838
DOI: 10.22037/uj.v0i0.4783 -
Family Medicine Feb 2010
Topics: Estrogens; Gender Identity; Humans; Male; Marriage; Middle Aged; Orchiectomy; Spouses; Transsexualism
PubMed: 20135564
DOI: No ID Found -
Schweizer Archiv Fur Tierheilkunde Nov 2013This paper aims to provide an overview of the accepted techniques of pain relief and castration and guidelines of how to best perform these painful interventions in an... (Review)
Review
This paper aims to provide an overview of the accepted techniques of pain relief and castration and guidelines of how to best perform these painful interventions in an animal-friendly way under Swiss conditions. Calves should be castrated at the age of 14 days or less, at least 10 minutes after local anesthesia with lidocaine, applying a single rubber ring. Concurrently, a NSAID should be administered intravenously (ketoprofen, 3 mg/kg of bodyweight) and Tetanus-serum subcutaneously (off label use). If possible, ketoprofen(4.5 mg/kg BW) should be orally administered for 3 - 5 days postoperatively. At 10 days after applying the rubber ring, the dried-off scrotum including the rubber ring should be removed with a clean knife or a scalpel. Local anesthesia is not necessary for this procedure. Ram lambs should be castrated at the age of 14 days or less, at least 10 minutes after local anesthesia with lidocaine, applying a rubber ring. The toxic dose of 4 mg lidocaine/kg BW (corresponds to 1 ml lidocaine 2 % per lamb of 5 kg BW) should not be exceeded. Concurrently, a NSAID (off label use) and Tetanus-serum should be administered systemically. Immunization against GnRH represents an animal-friendly and economically feasible alternative to rubber ring castration. With two immunizations at an interval of 3 - 4 weeks testicular development can be inhibited for at least 3 months and the onset of puberty clearly delayed. However, a specific vaccine for use in ruminants is currently registered neither in Switzerland nor in Europe.
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Age Factors; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cattle; Contraception, Immunologic; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Ketoprofen; Lidocaine; Male; Orchiectomy; Sheep; Switzerland; Tetanus Toxoid; Vaccines, Contraceptive
PubMed: 24168770
DOI: 10.1024/0036-7281/a000522 -
British Medical Journal Jul 1965
Topics: Castration; Cryptorchidism; Humans; Male; Orchiectomy
PubMed: 14304066
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5454.169-b -
British Medical Journal Sep 1965
Topics: Castration; Child; Cryptorchidism; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Orchiectomy; Testicular Neoplasms
PubMed: 14337741
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons... Nov 2005
Topics: Humans; Male; Orchiectomy; Spermatic Cord; Testicular Neoplasms
PubMed: 16263032
DOI: 10.1308/003588405X71216